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Call for applications: Global ophthalmology scholarships

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The University of Edinburgh is awarding 12 scholarships to support international applicants accepted into their online Master of Surgery (ChM) in Clinical Ophthalmology program, thanks to the generous support of The David and Molly Pyott Foundation.

Ophthalmology trainees and qualified early-career ophthalmologists from Africa, Central and South Asia, Caribbean Islands, Pacific Islands, or Central and Latin America who are accepted for admission to the program are eligible to apply for the scholarship award, which will cover all tuition fees as well as internet access and a laptop. The deadline for scholarship applications is Thursday, June 1, 2023, at 23:59 DST .

The part-time, online 2-year ChM program is offered by the University of Edinburgh in partnership with the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and is designed to provide advanced education for those preparing for the fellowship examinations of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth), and those approaching consultancy.

Further program information is available online , along with an introductory video by Baljean Dhillon, professor of clinical ophthalmology at the University of Edinburgh and chair of RCSEd's Ophthalmology Speciality Advisory Committee, and video testimonials by ChM graduates. The ChM is one of several online masters programs in the surgical specialties delivered by the university in partnership with RCSEd. Applications for admission to the ChM program close on August 25 .

The David and Molly Pyott Foundation has been funding this highly successful scholarship award in partnership with the university since 2016. The initiative has helped trainees and qualified ophthalmologists from a range of developing countries obtain a masters level education as part of their journey to becoming consultant/specialist ophthalmologists. The online, part-time nature of the ChM means that students can study at home without taking time out of practice or training, while continuing to deliver critical care in their regions.

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Institute of Ophthalmology MPhil/PhD

London, Old Street

The UCL Institute of Ophthalmology is a vibrant learning environment in which to carry out postgraduate research. Postgraduate students are supervised by internationally renowned experts with access to state-of-the-art laboratories. Our close contact with clinicians in Moorfields Eye Hospital allows for rapid translation of basic research to address clinically relevant eye diseases and disorders.

UK tuition fees (2024/25)

Overseas tuition fees (2024/25), programme starts, applications accepted.

• Entry requirements

MPhil/PhD: candidates normally require a minimum of an upper second-class Bachelor’s degree from a UK university (or its overseas equivalent) in a relevant subject.

The English language level for this programme is: Level 1

UCL Pre-Master's and Pre-sessional English courses are for international students who are aiming to study for a postgraduate degree at UCL. The courses will develop your academic English and academic skills required to succeed at postgraduate level.

Further information can be found on our English language requirements page.

Equivalent qualifications

Country-specific information, including details of when UCL representatives are visiting your part of the world, can be obtained from the International Students website .

International applicants can find out the equivalent qualification for their country by selecting from the list below. Please note that the equivalency will correspond to the broad UK degree classification stated on this page (e.g. upper second-class). Where a specific overall percentage is required in the UK qualification, the international equivalency will be higher than that stated below. Please contact Graduate Admissions should you require further advice.

About this degree

The Institute is committed to a multidisciplinary research portfolio that furthers an understanding of the eye and visual system, linked with clinical investigations targeted to specific problems in the prevention and treatment of eye disease.

Our research themes are grouped as follows: 'Development, Ageing and Disease', 'Rescue, Repair and Regeneration', 'Visual Neuroscience and Function', and 'Population and Data Science'.

Who this course is for

We offer full time and part time MPhil/PhD study (usually three years/five years).

For the majority of PhD programmes, you will need to have a research topic, supervisor and funding confirmed before submitting an application.

Please see our Postgraduate Research Degrees page for more information .

What this course will give you

The Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital are recognised globally and have an outstanding track record in basic biomedical research, much of which has been translated into important advances in innovative therapies.

Students will benefit from advanced facilities and high-level ophthalmic practice.

The MPhil/PhD programme will provide unique opportunities to interact with leading clinicians from Moorfields Eye Hospital as well as from other prominent institutions.

The foundation of your career

Postgraduate students are supervised by internationally renowned experts in their field with access to state-of-the-art laboratories and equipment. In addition, our close partnership with clinicians in Moorfields Eye Hospital, who also contribute to teaching, allows for rapid translation of basic research to address clinically relevant eye diseases and disorders.

Employability

As a graduate from the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology research programme, students will have developed advanced skills in research, analysis and writing.

UCL Institute of Ophthalmology offers an outstanding educational experience to doctoral students.

Students are encouraged to attend diverse weekly seminars where they have the opportunity to meet with external speakers. PhD students also have the opportunity to attend overseas and national conferences where they are encouraged to present posters and network with key researchers in their field.

Teaching and learning

Each research degree student is guided through their research by their supervisory team. In addition to this, students will have the opportunity to attend seminars, lectures, courses and conferences which will contribute to their leaning. The learning outcome of the programme is to contribute distinctly and significantly to their research area.

Find out more about the Doctoral Skills Development Programme at UCL here .

Each research degree student is required to submit to submit progress documents for their thesis committee meetings. Students upgrading from MPhil to PhD must submit a 10,000 word document for assessment and undergo a viva with two examiners. At the end of the degree, students will submit a final thesis, which will be examined by two independent academics who will also conduct an oral viva voce with the candidate.

Contact hours and hours of self-study are agreed between the student and the supervisor at the beginning of their research degree and should be reviewed on a regular basis.

Research areas and structure

• Cell science : angiogenesis; membrane trafficking; annexin biology; tight junction biology; cytoskeleton; cell signalling; leukocyte trafficking; chaperones; neurodegeneration; control of wound healing
• Genetics and gene therapy : single gene and complex genetics of eye disease; genetic epidemiology; gene therapy for eye disease from experimental models to clinical trials
• Multidisciplinary studies of disease : age-related macular degeneration; glaucoma; diabetes; retinitis pigmentosa; ocular scarring; neurodegeneration
• Ocular immunology and allergy : applied ocular immunology; understanding basic mechanisms causing disease to identify novel therapeutic approaches; determining to what extent T-cells, eosinophils and mast cells damage the cornea and conjunctiva in allergic eye disease
• Regenerative medicine : stem cell therapy for eye disease; transplantation strategies (corneal and retinal disease); optic nerve regeneration
• Visual neuroscience : neurophysiology of central visual processing; imaging of retina and CNS; neuronal plasticity; evolutionary paradigms of vision; visual pigments.

Research environment

The Institute of Ophthalmology is a vibrant learning environment in which to carry out postgraduate research. Postgraduate students are supervised by internationally renowned experts with access to state-of-the-art laboratories. Our close contact with clinicians in Moorfields Eye Hospital allows for rapid translation of basic research to address clinically relevant eye diseases and disorders.

Postgraduate students at the Institute are fully integrated into university life at UCL and will benefit, academically and personally, from the services and facilities of the university’s Doctoral School, plus accessing social and sporting facilities through the UCL Union.

We believe that by learning from the best, you stand the best chance of going on to become future leaders in the field of vision research.

Thanks to our partnership with Moorfields Eye Hospital, you can learn from the clinical experts, study rare conditions and diseases, and observe pioneering treatments and trials that have an immediate impact on patients’ lives.

UCL Institute of Ophthalmology is part of the Faculty of Brain Sciences, whose core strengths are founded on interdisciplinary research, teaching, collaborations, and partnerships. Postgraduate students have access to Faculty resources such as careers workshops and the alumni community. According to the 2017 Centre for World University Rankings (CWUR) rankings by subject, UCL Faculty of Brain Sciences is the best place in the world to study ophthalmology.

As a student of the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, your programme of research will be overseen by a Principal Supervisor with collaboration from a Subsidiary Supervisor.

Your progress will be monitored annually and UCL processes will be facilitated by a Graduate Tutor. You will be invited to join a Staff/Student Consultative Committee as your feedback is important to us.

Regular career development seminars and skills training sessions will be organised by the student body itself and you will be encouraged to take part.

You will be encouraged to attend a range of weekly seminars organised by academic staff at the Institute and on main campus.

You will also have access to the UCL Doctoral School's ongoing skills development programme.

The length of registration for the research degree programmes is 3 years for full-time and 5 years for part-time.

You are required to register initially for the MPhil degree with the expectation of transfer to PhD after successful completion of an upgrade viva 9-18 months (full-time) and 15-30 months (part-time) after initial registration.

Within three months of joining the programme, you are expected to agree with your supervisor the basic structure of your research project, an appropriate research method and a realistic plan of work. You will produce and submit a detailed outline of your proposed research to your supervisor for their comments and feedback. 

In the second year, you will be expected to upgrade from an MPhil to a PhD. To successfully upgrade to a PhD you are required to submit a written report/thesis, exact details should be agreed with your supervisor. You are also required to present and answer questions about this work to a panel consisting of your subsidiary supervisor and another member of the faculty who acts as an independent assessor.

The PhD programme is expected to be completed within three years for full-time students, and within five years for part-time students. You will be expected to submit a thesis and present and answer questions about your work to a panel consisting of an internal and external examiner.

If you are not ready to submit at the end of the third year (full-time) or fifth year (part-time), you may be able to go into CRS - Completing Research Status - while you write up your thesis.

The length of registration for the research degree programmes is 5 years for part-time students.

You are required to register initially for the MPhil degree with the expectation of transfer to PhD after successful completion of an upgrade viva 15-30 months after initial registration for part-time students.

The PhD programme is expected to be completed within five years for part-time students. You will be expected to submit a thesis and present and answer questions about your work to a panel consisting of an internal and external examiner.

If you are not ready to submit at the end of the fifth year as a part-time student, you may be able to go into CRS - Completing Research Status - while you write up your thesis.

Accessibility

Details of the accessibility of UCL buildings can be obtained from AccessAble accessable.co.uk . Further information can also be obtained from the UCL Student Support and Wellbeing team .

Fees and funding

Fees for this course.

The tuition fees shown are for the year indicated above. Fees for subsequent years may increase or otherwise vary. Where the programme is offered on a flexible/modular basis, fees are charged pro-rata to the appropriate full-time Master's fee taken in an academic session. Further information on fee status, fee increases and the fee schedule can be viewed on the UCL Students website: ucl.ac.uk/students/fees .

Additional costs

Your research degree may be subject to an Additional Fee Element (AFE). The AFE (also known as bench fees) is an additional cost, incurred by yourself or your sponsor. It is levied to cover the costs related to consumables, equipment and materials etc. which are not included in the tuition fee. As each research project is unique in nature, the AFE is calculated on a student by student basis and is determined by your academic supervisor.

For more information on additional costs for prospective students please go to our estimated cost of essential expenditure at Accommodation and living costs .

Funding your studies

Several studentships are normally available each year. These are usually advertised on FindAPhD .

For a comprehensive list of the funding opportunities available at UCL, including funding relevant to your nationality, please visit the Scholarships and Funding website .

To apply for a PhD course at the Institute of Ophthalmology, please get in touch with a potential supervisor and discuss the details of your proposed project. Further guidance on how to apply can be found on our Postgraduate Research Degrees page .

Please note that you may submit applications for a maximum of two graduate programmes (or one application for the Law LLM) in any application cycle.

Choose your programme

Please read the Application Guidance before proceeding with your application.

Year of entry: 2024-2025

Got questions get in touch.

Institute of Ophthalmology

[email protected]

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Matthew G. Field, MD, PhD

Physician scientist.

• Anterior Segment & Reconstructive Surgery
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Dr. Field completed his Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology with Distinction at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He further honed his skills by earning a Master of Science in Health Policy & Management from the renowned Harvard University – School of Public Health, where he received a tuition scholarship and distinguished himself as the class marshal.

Dr. Field later pursued an MD/PhD at The University of Miami, completing his PhD in Cancer Biology.  His research focused on ocular oncology, conducting groundbreaking research at The Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, the number one rated ophthalmology program in the country. Dr. Field’s work led to the discovery of a biomarker for metastatic uveal melanoma, which is now utilized in the clinically available DecisionDx-UM test. His investigations into genetic mutations and evolutionary mechanisms in various ocular cancers have provided valuable insights into cancer progression and opened avenues for targeted treatments and are also included in clinically available diagnostic tests. His work was recognized with several research awards and grant funding from prestigious institutions such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Melanoma Research Foundation.

Dr. Field completed his internship and ophthalmology residency training at The University of Iowa, the second ranked ophthalmology residency training program in the country.  At Iowa, Dr. Field developed his passion for the cornea and anterior segment of the eye and helped discover a new pathogenic mechanism for Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy that is now being explored as a therapeutic target for medical management of the disease.

Dr. Field’s interest and dedication to advancing medical technology has led to the commercialization of a cutting-edge retinal imaging camera capable of detecting mitochondrial dysfunction. This state-of-the-art device enables the early detection of retinal diseases before irreversible cell loss occurs, revolutionizing the diagnostic capabilities in ophthalmology and allowing for timely interventions that can preserve vision and improve patient outcomes.

• Cornea/Anterior Segment Fellowship, Minnesota Eye Consultants
• Ophthalmology Residency, University of Iowa, Carver School of Medicine
• Doctor of Medicine, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine
• PhD in Cancer Biology, University of Miami – Miller School of Medicine
• Master of Health Science in Health Policy and Management, Harvard University
• Bachelor of Arts in Sociology with Distinction, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Awards and Recognitions

• Resident Selectee, 17th Annual Heed Ophthalmic Foundation Residents Retreat (2023)
• University of Iowa Resident Nominee, Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) Surgical Curriculum for Ophthalmology Residents (SCOR) Program (2022)
• Retina Research Foundation/Joseph M. and Eula C. Lawrence Travel Grant (2019)
• MD/PhD Full Tuition Scholarship, University of Miami (2011-2019)
• Best Oral Presentation Award, University of Miami MD/PhD Symposium (2018)
• Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center Travel Award, University of Miami (2015, 2017)
• VITAS Fellow Scholarship, VITAS Healthcare (2017)
• Graduate Student Fellow, Center for Computational Science, University of Miami (2014-16)
• Best Research Photograph Award, University of Miami MD/PhD Symposium (2016)
• First Place, Best Research Award, Medical Faculty Association, University of Miami (2016) Louis J. Elsas Research Award in Biochemical Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation (2016)
• Best Poster Award, University of Miami MD/PhD Symposium (2015)
• Margaret Whelan Travel Award, Medical Faculty Association, University of Miami (2015)
• Cancer Biology Graduate Program Travel Award, University of Miami (2015)

Professional Affiliations

• Cornea Society (2023-present)
• American Academy of Ophthalmology (2019-present)
• The Association for Vision and Research in Ophthalmology (2019-present)

Published Works

Dr. Field has published numerous peer-reviewed publications.

Outside of work, Dr. Field loves spending time with his family, including his wife Sarah, son Merrick, and his puppy named River. Dr. Field grew up playing tennis, basketball and soccer and continues to play tennis competitively.

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Browse our Optometry/Ophthalmology Scholarships or get matched to college scholarships you qualify for.

• Discovery Ophthalmology

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University of Queensland Australia UQ Firebirds Scholarship 2025

• University of Queensland

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Government of Ireland Postgraduate Scholarship Programme 2025, Study in Ireland

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• Victoria University of Wellington
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Apply for cbm scholarship for ophthalmology residency.

An opportunity to address the shortage of ophthalmologists and improve lives in underserved African communities. Apply by 13 December 2023.

CBM has released the scholarships award announcement for its Ophthalmology Scholarship Programme for the academic year 2023/2024. The Scholarship Programme seeks to offer twelve (12) scholarship awards to doctors across Africa who wish to pursue postgraduate studies in ophthalmology. This is in an effort to address the critical shortage of trained ophthalmologists in Africa, which is one of the major challenges to increasing the availability of eye care services and reducing the prevalence of visual impairment and preventable blindness. This initiative is part of CBM’s commitment to improving the quality of life of persons with disabilities in the poorest regions of the world.

Who can participate?

The programme is open to doctors in Africa for postgraduate courses in ophthalmology. Applicants must adhere to CBM’s core values and follow CBM Disability inclusive practices for strengthening comprehensive eye care and the guidelines for the protection of persons with disabilities. Applicants must also live and work in these African countries: Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia.

This scholarship programme is an important step towards improving eye care in Africa and is in line with CBM’s mission to create an inclusive society for all.

What does the scholarship cover?

The comprehensive scholarship package includes tuition fees, stipend, relocation expenses, in-patient medical care, conference fees and a set of ophthalmic instruments. Successful candidates will be selected based on their willingness to work in an eye care facility serving communities in underserved regions of their home country after training.

Applicants must sign a service term agreement with their current employer committing to work in an ophthalmic facility serving underserved communities for a period equal to their years of training or more, in accordance to the HR policy of their employer.

How to apply?

Interested candidates should apply by email to [email protected] with a letter of motivation, a current CV, a letter of acceptance from a training institution in within Africa and a signed service term agreement. The application deadline is 13 December 2023.

For more information about the scholarship programme, potential applicants can contact the programme manager at  scholarships.afe(at)cbm(dot)org

Image on top: Dr. Angela Birungi is one of the ophthalmology scholarship holders currently training at Mbarara University of Science and Technology in Uganda/Credit: CBM

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Graduate Research PhD Project Scholarships

$34000 Per annum, for three and a half years. Fee relief additional.

Opening date

Closing date, who is it for.

Future PhD candidates, Australian Citizen, International Student, New Zealand Citizen, Permanent Resident

Where is it available?

Albury-Wodonga Campus, Bendigo Campus, Melbourne Campus, Mildura Campus, Shepparton Campus

How is it paid?

Fortnightly stipend

La Trobe University is offering a number of graduate research scholarship packages consisting of a generous stipend, tuition fee scholarship, and allowances to support outstanding graduate researchers applying for a PhD project. Apply now to join our vibrant research community.

View our list of available PhD projects.

Applications are now open to Australian or New Zealand citizens (domestic), Australian permanent residents (domestic), and International applicants - subject to the eligibility requirements outlined under each project. Successful applicants for this round must be able to commence at any time between 1 February and 1 July 2025.

The La Trobe University end-of-year scholarship round is now open and will close on 30 September 2024 for international applicants, and 31 October 2024 and domestic applicants.

Project scholarships are awarded competitively and selection is based on academic merit and suitability to the selected project. Eligibility requirements and special conditions, where applicable, are noted under each project.

Haven't found a project to suit your interests? Check out the other scholarships available in our end-of-year scholarship round - including joint and collaborative PhD projects, or general Graduate Research Scholarships .

Benefits of the scholarship

• a Research Training Program (RTP) or La Trobe Graduate Research Scholarship (LTGRS) stipend for up to three and a half (3.5) years for a doctoral degree or 22 months for a Masters by research degree, with a value of $34,000 per annum (2024 rate)
• a Research Training Program (RTP) Fees Offset scholarship or La Trobe Full Fee Research scholarship (LTUFFRS) for up to four years for a doctoral degree
• relocation allowance and thesis/publication allowance
• opportunities to work with La Trobe’s outstanding researchers, and have access to our suit of professional development programs

Are you eligible to apply?

To be eligible to apply for this scholarship, applicants must:.

• meet the entrance requirements for the PhD
• not be receiving another scholarship greater than 75 per cent of the stipend rate for the same purpose

In selecting successful applicants, we prioritise applications from candidates who:

• will be enrolled full-time and undertaking their research at a La Trobe University campus
• have completed a Masters by Research or other significant body of research, such as an honours research thesis or lead authorship of a peer-reviewed publication, assessed at a La Trobe Masters by research standard of 75 or above

How to apply

To apply for this scholarship, review the scholarship eligibility requirements above and then follow the steps given on our How to apply page for the PhD. Remember to include the relevant project code (PRO-24---) in your application.

Domestic applicants, please select the 'Graduate Research - End-of-year Scholarship Round' scholarship in your application.

International applicants, please select 'Project-based PhD Scholarship OR La Trobe Industry Research Scholarship' in your application.

Who to contact for further information

Graduate Research School, [email protected]

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Primorsky Krai, Russia

The capital city of Primorye krai: Vladivostok .

Primorsky Krai - Overview

Primorsky Krai (informally Primorye ) is a federal subject of Russia located in the south-eastern part of the country, in the south of the Far East, part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Vladivostok is the capital city of the region.

The population of Primorsky Krai is about 1,863,000 (2022), the area - 164,673 sq. km.

Primorye krai flag

Primorye krai coat of arms.

Primorye krai map, Russia

Primorye krai latest news and posts from our blog:.

20 September, 2017 / Vladivostok - the view from above .

23 July, 2015 / Gamov lighthouse - the easternmost lighthouse in Russia .

24 February, 2014 / Abandoned shelter-base for Soviet submarines .

11 September, 2012 / These tanks are not afraid to go under the water .

28 April, 2012 / First demonstration flights of new Russian combat helicopters .

More posts..

News, notes and thoughts:

18 August, 2011   / A shark attacked a 16-year-old youth in Russia's Primorye region, officials said, a day after a man lost his hands in a similar shark attack unprecedented for the region. What is wrong with the sharks all over the world?

9 January, 2011   / A bear apparently wounded by hunters broke into a school in the Primorye Territory in Russia's Far East, police said Sunday. Yeah, bears walking the streets of Russian cities.

History of Primorsky Krai

The first people settled in the region more than 30 thousand years ago. According to ancient legends, the coastal line was densely inhabited. In the Middle Ages, there were three empires on the territory of Primorye, which successively replaced each other: Bohai (698-926), Jin (1115-1234), Eastern Xia (1215-1233).

In the early 13th century, the territory of East Asia suffered the Mongol invasion. This led to the fall of the empire of Jin, but some provinces in the east preserved independence and formed an independent state known as Eastern Xia. In 1233, after another invasion this state ceased to exist too.

After that, the region was in ruins and attracted people persecuted in surrounding countries (bandits, adventurers, political dissidents). The first documented Russian presence in the region dates back to the summer of 1655, when the northern Primorye was visited by Russian Cossacks under the command of Onuphrius Stepanov.

In the middle of the 19th century, the Russian Empire began to strengthen its position in the north-west coast of the Pacific Ocean. In 1856, Primorskaya oblast was formed from the coastal parts of Eastern Siberia and Kamchatka. The territory of present Primorye was incorporated into the Russian state on the basis of Aigun (1858) and Beijing (1860) peace treaties that legalized the border between Russia and China.

More historical facts…

Since then, the southern part of Primorye took its current shape. In 1860, Vladivostok was founded as a military post. Russian migration in the region began. In 1899, the Oriental Institute was opened in Vladivostok - the first higher educational institution in Eastern Siberia and the Far East, and one of the oldest in East Asia.

Further strengthening of Russian positions in the Far East was limited by the small size of the Russian population and remoteness from populated parts of the empire. Regular communication between St. Petersburg and Vladivostok was established after the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway in 1903.

From 1861 to 1917, about 250,000 peasants arrived in Primorye and founded 342 settlements. In 1917, the population of Primorye amounted to 307,000 people. By the mid-1920s, the local population reached 600,000 people. In the 1930s, forced industrialization and collectivization began which led to another wave of migration. The migration was both voluntary and forced (prisoners).

In 1937-1938, about 200,000 people of Korean and Chinese nationalities were forcibly deported from the region. Until the end of the 1980s, as a result of ethnic deportations, the Chinese and Koreans disappeared from the national composition of the population of Primorye.

In the summer of 1938, on the southern boundary of Primorye, in the area of Lake Khasan, there were military clashes between Manchukuo (a puppet state under Japanese control) and the Soviet Union. After two weeks of fighting, the USSR was able to repel the aggression. On October 20, 1938, Primorsky Krai with the capital in Vladivostok was formed.

After the end of the Second World War, Primorsky Krai continued to develop as a major industrial and agricultural region of the Far East also specializing in the extraction of natural resources. Rail and sea transport played a significant role in the local economy. Migration from the European part of Russia and Siberia continued, which led to an increase of population of the region from 1,381,000 people in 1959 to 1,978,000 in 1979.

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the region’s economy went into decline, reverse migration in the European part of Russia began. At the beginning of the 21st century, the social and economic situation in Primorsky Krai improved.

Beautiful nature of Primorsky Krai

On the coast in Primorsky Krai

Author: Andrej Serbskij

Hilly landscape of Primorsky Krai

Author: Kazakov Igor

Primorye scenery

Author: Viktor Koblov

Primorsky Krai - Features

Primorsky Krai is located in the south of the Far East, in the south-eastern part of the Russian Federation. It is bordered by Khabarovsk Krai in the north, China in the west, North Korea in the south-west, and is washed by the Japan Sea in the south and east. The largest cities are Vladivostok (601,300), Ussuriysk (172,000), Nakhodka (140,200), Artyom (104,500).

The maximum length of Primorsky Krai (from the mouth of the Tumannaya River to the source of the Samarga River) is about 900 km, the maximum width (from the valley of the Ussuri River to the coast of the Sea of Japan) - about 280 km. The highest peak is Mount Anik (1,933 meters) located in the north-easton of the region, near the border with Khabarovsk krai.

The climate of Primorye is temperate monsoon. Winters are dry and cold with sunny weather; springs are long, cool, with frequent changes of temperature; summers are warm and humid; autumns as a rule are warm and dry.

The main peculiarity - lots of precipitation and fog in summer. Summer is the period of typhoons. The average temperature in July is about plus 17-21 degrees Celsius, in January - minus 8-23 degrees Celsius.

Primorsky Krai - Economy

A number of large and unique deposits of various minerals have been discovered in Primorye. This region has the most powerful mining industry in the Far East of Russia. There are about 100 coal deposits (2.4 billion tons), 30 deposits of tin, 15 deposits of complex ores containing zinc, lead, copper, and silver. Gold deposits are located both in the south of the region and in the north.

The largest in Russia deposit of boron is located near the town of Dalnegorsk. Several phosphorite deposits are discovered on the shelf of the Sea of Japan. There are also several small oil fields, large deposits of germanium. Mountain rivers have significant hydropower potential. Diverse forests cover about 80% of the territory.

Primorsky Krai is the most developed region in the Russian Far East due to its favorable geographic location and abundance of various natural resources. The local economy is based on such industries as mining, timber, fisheries, trade, shipbuilding and repairing.

Primorye has a relatively well-developed transportation network. The main traffic artery is the eastern section of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Due to its proximity to Japan and the Republic of Korea (imports of relatively cheap used cars), Primorsky Krai occupies the first place in Russia in the number of vehicles in the population.

The seaports of Primorsky Krai play an important role in the economy of Russia. The largest container terminals in the Russian Far East are located here. Regional and international air flights are carried out from Vladivostok International Airport.

Attractions of Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai is known for its rich flora and fauna, the variety of landscapes, the warm sea in the south, springs with healing water. All this creates favorable conditions for tourism development.

In Primorye, there are more than 500 unique natural sites (lakes, waterfalls, ancient extinct volcanoes, caves, bays). There are six nature reserves and three national parks:

• Far East Marine Reserve in the Gulf of Peter the Great,
• “Kedrovaya Pad” Reserve,
• Lazovsky Reserve,
• Sikhote-Alin Reserve included in the UNESCO World Heritage List,
• Ussuri Nature Reserve,
• Khanka Reserve,
• “The Call of the Tiger”,
• “Udege Legend”,
• “The Land of the Leopard”.

The following places of interest are also noteworthy:

• The Rope Park in Andreevka - a sports-tourist trail that includes elements of sports tourism and mountaineering,
• Shanduyskie lakes - mountain lakes located in the north of Primorye,
• “Black Sand” beach located near the village of Zarubino in Aleut Bay - an interesting beach with volcanic black sand, which is considered to be curative,
• The lighthouse on the southern tip of Gamov Peninsula. Gamov Peninsula is the pearl of Primorye and the Far East.

Primorye krai of Russia photos

Landscapes of primorsky krai.

On the shore of the Sea of Japan in Primorsky Krai

Author: Konstantin Tkachenko

Primorsky Krai scenery

Small river in Primorye

Author: Melnitsky Stanislav

Primorsky Krai views

Forest in Primorsky Krai

Primorye landscape

Village in Primorsky Krai

Author: Roman Mikulchik

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We have 3 Ophthalmology (PhD studentship) PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships

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Ophthalmology (PhD studentship) PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships

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PhD Research Projects are advertised opportunities to examine a pre-defined topic or answer a stated research question. Some projects may also provide scope for you to propose your own ideas and approaches.

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This research project has funding attached. It is only available to UK citizens or those who have been resident in the UK for a period of 3 years or more. Some projects, which are funded by charities or by the universities themselves may have more stringent restrictions.

Development of Novel Miniaturized Device Technologies for Point-of-Need Diagnostics

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This project has funding attached for UK and EU students, though the amount may depend on your nationality. Non-EU students may still be able to apply for the project provided they can find separate funding. You should check the project and department details for more information.

A-Eye-Brain-4-Dementia: AI and in silico models in mild cognitive impairment and dementia and beyond

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Lecturer in Optometry

Post Title: Lecturer in Optometry SBU/Department: School of Life & Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical, Biological Sciences, Optometry FTE: 0.7 fte (working 25.9 hours per week

0319-24 - Lecturer in Optometry (Maternity Cover)

for an optometrist with a PhD in Optometry or a related discipline. Experience of initiating and conducting research to doctoral level is essential. In addition, we expect further development of our research programme

HR Consultant - College of Optometry

to submitting your application, please review and update (if necessary) the information in your candidate profile as it will transfer to your application. Job Title: HR Consultant - College of Optometry

Patient Services Supervisor - Optometry (9359U) 69522

and our Vision Science program averages 40 PhD students. The Optometry Clinic provides comprehensive optical care services to the entire Campus population and the general Bay Area community, with

Assistant Professor-Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics

team-taught courses for osteopathic medical, dental, pharmacy, optometry , and health sciences students in Biochemistry and related topics that may include cell biology, human genetics, metabolism

Billing Specialist (4722C), Optometry Clinic - 64501

our Vision Science program averages 40 PhD students. The Optometry Clinic provides comprehensive optical care services to the entire Campus population and the general Bay Area community, with

Building Manager (4483C) School of Optometry , 65520

Research fellow (ophthalmology in myopia).

opportunity to comentor PhD Students. Qualifications A PhD in Visual Sciences, Optometry or other related disciplines A minimum of 3 years’ experience in myopia research including master's and/or PhD Good

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Geography of Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai is located in the southern far east , in the south-eastern part of Russia . In the north it borders with Khabarovsk Krai , in the west with the Chinese Provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang , in the south-west with North Korea ( Special City of Rason ) and at the south-east with the Sea of Japan . The total length of the borders is 3,000   km (1,864 miles) and the coastline is 1,500   km (932 miles). The total area is 165,900   km 2 (64,100 sq miles) which is 0.97% of the total area of Russia, which makes it 23rd largest federal subject of Russia. The total length of the krai is 900   km and the width is 280   km. [1] [ circular reference ]

Extreme points

Physical characteristics, external links.

Primorsky Krai has been federal subject of the Russian SFSR and then of Russian Federation since 1991. The krai also had the numerous islands; including Russky Island , Popov Island , Rikord Island , Putyatin Island and others. The major physiographic regions of the Primorsky Krai are Sikotin-Alin (southern-half) and East Manchuria .

Sikhote-Alin is a mountain range (maximum elevation: 500–1000 meters; relative elevations: 200–400 meters; absolute height: 1,855 meters). Mountain ranges with rounded peaks and gentle slopes, emphazing the wide development of dome structures here, extend as a whole subparallel with each other from south-west to the north-east till they entered in Khabarovsk Krai. They do not the snow line anywhere, but neat fields, sometimes of considerable size, are formed annually in snow inlet zones and persists until mid-summers. According to the main watershed, the Sikhote-Alin mountain region is divided into the Japanese Sea (eastern and southern) and Ussuri-Khanka (western) macroslopes, which differ from each other in the structure of the relief and natural and climatic factors. This is mainly caused by both the difference in geological and tectonic plan, and the predominant distribution on the eastern slope of circulation of wet humid air masses. The latter come from the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan in the spring-early summer period, and in the autumn-winter period, on the contrary, relatively warm, but also humid air masses prevail.

In the northern part are Samarginskoe and Zevinskoe, and in the south Artyomovsk basalt plateaus. Within their limits, flat table -shaped watersheds are developed, where upland bogs are often formed in depressions. Large areas are covered with larch forests with peaty and peaty-gley overmoistened soils. The latter are formed on the areal and linear clay crusts of weathering. The marginal parts of the plateau are carved by narrow river valleys. Transverse ridges and river valleys, Subsequent large fault zones, the Japan Sea macro slope is divided into a series of independent natural-climatic complexes with sufficient contrast. Southern Sikhote-Alin is especially colorful due to its rugged coastline, rocky cliffs and gently sloping sandy beaches, the wealth of natural monuments, mild maritime climate, a neighborhood of an extensive transport network and high economic development with a natural, often not disturbed landscape. All this made southern Primorye a favorite place of recreation and tourism for residents of the entire Far East of Russia and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region .

The Ussuri-Khanka macro-slope is morphologically subdivided into Central and Western Sikhote-Alin. The mountain ranges of the Central Sikhote-Alin have mainly the direction of the CER, i.e. coinciding with the general direction of the folded structures and zones of ruptures. This part of the mountainous region is confined to the most elevated parts of the massive midland with absolute overtones up to 1850 m and elevations of 150–300 m. The rivers are steep, mountainous with rapids and shallows. The steepness of the slopes here is less than on the eastern macroslope, but the abundant-scree phenomena, erosion, landslides and solifluction are also quite intense. West Sikhote-Alin consists of separate ranges of the C-B stretch, separated by intermountain depressions and dissected by wide transverse river valleys of the Ussuri, Malinovka, B. Ussurka, Bikin and other rivers. The heights of the mountains rarely exceed 1000 m. relative elevations are 50–150 m, and the slopes are gentler, compared to Central Sikhote-Alin. At the foot of the ridges developed non-surface surfaces, composed of deluvial clays.

The East Manchurian Plateau enters the limits of the Primorsky Territory with its eastern component and is divided into three parts: Border and Khasan-Barabash mountain areas, as well as Borisov basalt plateau. The latter is largely similar to the Artyomovsky and other plateaus described above. But the border and Khasansky mountain areas - this is a typical lowland - hills. The border region is a system of low (absolute elevations - 600–800 m, relative -200-500 m) mountain ranges, which descend towards Lake Hassan, passing into a hilly-ravaged plain. At the same time, the orientation of the watersheds is often arcuate and radial relative to the center of the lake. Hassan; it emphasizes the form of the ring structure of the same name. In the Hasan-Barabash district, the absolute marks (900–1000 m) and relative elevations (300–600 m) are noticeably higher. The main mountain range "Black Mountains" arched to the Amur Bay. The valleys of most watercourses are open to the southern and southeastern moist sea winds, which leaves a peculiar imprint on climate, vegetation and soil. The river beds are overloaded with alluvium, the amount of which increases in the lower reaches due to the general stretching and subsidence of the Earth's crust along the edge of the continent, and due to the accumulation of catastrophic floods. As a result, a low-lying plain with a width of up to 10   km was formed on the coast. Over its flat marshy surface with many lakes and oxbows, remnant mountains up to 180 m high rise in places (Pigeon's Rock Mountain, etc.) rise in places by lakes and oxbows.

In the inner part of the West-Primorye Plain Region, the total area of which is 20% of the territory of the region, is Lake. Hanka Around it is the lowland of the same name - swampy lowland spaces (absolute elevations up to 200 m), separated by wide river valleys. In the northern and southern continuation of the Khanka lowland, the Nizhne-Bikinskaya and Razdolnenskaya plains are distinguished, formed by the valleys of large rivers: the Ussuri, Bikin, Alchan, and Razdol'naya.

The climatic conditions of the region are largely determined by its geographical location - at the junction of Eurasia and the Pacific Ocean. In winter, cold continental air masses prevail here, and in summer cool oceanic masses. At the same time, a “mitigating” effect, especially on coastal areas, has a monsoon climate: cool spring, rainy and foggy summer, sunny dry autumn and little snow with winds winter. In the central and northern regions of the region, the climate is more continental. The total annual precipitation is 600–900   mm, most of which falls in summer. The cold Primorye Current, which causes long-lasting fogs, runs along the coast from the north-east to the south-west.

• The northernmost point- Dagda River
• The southernmost point - The mouth of Tumanna River with border with Korean Peninsula (North Korea)
• Westernmost point- near the source of Novgorodvka River
• Easternmost point- Golden Cape

The distance between North and South points - 900   km

The distance between East and West points- 430   km

The highest peak of Primorsky Krai is Mount Anik with a height of 1,933 meters, located in the north-east of krai near the border with Khabarovsk Krai. The lowest point is Sea of Japan. The second highest peak is Cloudy Peak (1,855 meters) in the southeast of the Chuguyevsky District .

In the southwest, there is Lake Khanka , which is the largest lake of the krai, near the border with China. The longest river is Ussuri , the source of the river is located on the slopes of the Snezhnaya mountains. The most of the Ussuri flows between the border of China and Russia. The other largest rivers are Bolshaya Ussurka , Malinovka and Arsenyevka rivers .

The climate is temperate, monsoon . Winters are dry and cold with fair weather. Spring is long, cool, with frequent fluctuations in temperature. Summers are warm and humid, during the summer months there is a maximum amount of precipitation, in some areas up to 90% of annual precipitation. Autumn is usually warm, dry, with clear weather. In summer, southerly winds prevail from the Pacific Ocean, and in winter, northerly winds, bringing cold but clear weather from continental regions. The main feature is heavy precipitation and fog in summer. Summer is the time of typhoons, these tropical cyclones visit the region every year, sometimes causing great damage to the infrastructure of the region and agriculture . The average July temperature is +17 ... + 26   °C.The coldest summer in the region is on the East coast of Primorye because of the cold Primorsky Current, on the coast of the Tatar Strait . The hottest on the Khanka Plain. The absolute maximum of +41   °C is registered in the Border region . The average January temperature is from –8   °C to −18   °C on the coast, which, paired with humidity and winds, lowers it by 2 times, and in continental areas with a drier climate, the temperature sometimes reaches −38   °C, but wind weaker.

The warmest winter is in the south of the Khasansky district and on the East coast, the coldest is in the mountainous regions of the central and northern part of the region. The absolute minimum of −49   °C recorded in the Krasnoarmeysky district near the village of Glubinnoye is related to the temperature inversion in the intermountain basin. The coldest months are December, January and February. The warmest are June, July and August in the continental regions; July, August and September on the coast. Precipitations are 600–900   mm per year.

In the Primorsky Territory, four districts: Dalnegorsky , Kavalerovsky , Olginsky and Terneisky , as well as the urban-type settlement of east Krasnoarmeysky district, the village of Boguslavets, Vostretsovo, Dalniy Kut, Izmaylikh, Mill, Roshchino and Taiga in the district are equal to the districts of the Extreme North.

Below are several systems that describe the flora and vegetation of the Primorsky Territory in one form or another . Used: floristic zoning, vegetation classification, bioclimatic zoning and landscape classification together with physiographic zoning. The natural area is an alternative name for the landscape area. [2] [3] [4]

• Geography of Russia
• Russian Manchuria

Related Research Articles

Primorsky Krai , informally known as Primorye , is a federal subject of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of the Far Eastern Federal District. The city of Vladivostok on the southern coast of the krai is its administrative center, and is one of the two largest cities in the Russian Far East together with Khabarovsk. The krai has the largest economy among the federal subjects in the Russian Far East, and a population of 1,845,165 as of the 2021 Census.

Arsenyev is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located about 160 kilometers (99 mi) northeast of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 56,750. It was known as Semyonovka until 1952.

The Ussuri or Wusuli is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and forming part of the Sino-Russian border, until it joins the Amur as a tributary to it near Khabarovsk. It is approximately 897 km (557 mi) long. The Ussuri drains the Ussuri basin, which covers 193,000 km 2 (75,000 sq mi). Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30–35%), and subterranean springs. The average discharge is 1,620 m 3 /s (57,000 cu ft/s), and the average elevation is 1,682 metres (5,518 ft).

The Sikhote-Alin is a mountain range in Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krais, Russia, extending about 900 kilometres (560 mi) to the northeast of the Russian Pacific seaport of Vladivostok. The highest summits are Tordoki Yani at 2,077 metres (6,814 ft) above sea level, Ko Mountain in Khabarovsk Krai and Anik Mountain in Primorsky Krai.

The Arsenyevka is a left tributary of the Ussuri in Anuchinsky and Yakovlevsky Districts of Primorsky Krai, Russia.

Tordoki Yani or Tardoki Yani is the highest peak of the Sikhote-Alin Mountains. It is located in the southeast of Khabarovsk Krai to the north of the border of Primorsky Krai. It is a table mountain and rises to an elevation of 2,090 m. The mountain is the source of the river Anyuy.

The temperate rainforests of the Russian Far East are within the Russian federal subjects Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai and contains the Sikhote-Alin mountain range. Found within the Russian Federation, this area is one of the most productive and diverse forests in the world and also contains one of the highest endangered species densities on Earth. While most temperate rainforests around the world have retained only a fraction of their historical range, these forests maintain the majority of their former range and almost all of their historical biodiversity. The region is also notable for having what has become the last remaining large tract of viable habitat for the critically endangered Amur tiger and Amur leopard.

Zov Tigra National Park , is a mountainous refuge for the endangered Amur Tiger. The park encompasses an area of 83,384 hectares on the southeast coast of Russia's Far East in the federal district Primorsky Krai. The park is about 100 km northeast of Vladivostok, on both the eastern and western slopes of the southern Sikhote-Alin mountain range, a range that runs north-south through the Primorsky Krai. The relatively warm waters of the Sea of Japan are to the east, the Korean peninsula to the south, and China to the West. The terrain in rugged and difficult to access, with heavily forested taiga coexisting with tropical species of animals and birds. The park is relatively isolated from human development, and functions as a conservation reserve. Tourists may visit the portions of the park marked for recreation, but entry to the protected zones is only possible in the company of park rangers.

Anyuysky National Park covers the basin of the Anyuy River, on the west slope of the Central Sikhote-Alin Mountain range in the Russian Far East. The Anyuy flows west into the Amur River, the main river of the region, as it flows northeast into the Sea of Okhotsk. The park is important because it creates an ecological corridor from the low floodplain of the Amur, to the high forested mountains of the Sikhote-Alin. The park is in the Nanaysky District in Khabarovsk Krai, about 50 miles downstream of the city of Khabarovsk. The area is remote, with few towns and sparse population. The area has historically depended on salmon fishing, logging, and hunting. The local indigenous people are the Nanai people, representing about a quarter of the nearby settlements.

Udegeyskaya Legenda National Park covers the richest coniferous-deciduous forest on the western slope of the Central Sikhote-Alin mountains of the Russian Far East. The Sikhote-Alin is a range that runs north-south through Primorsky Krai. The park is designed to protect west-slope river valley habitat, and to support the remnant of the indigenous Udege people. The area is known for abundant fishing and boating on the streams and rivers. It is also a refuge for the endangered Amur tiger. The park is roughly midway between the city of Vladivostok, and Khabarovsk. The relatively warm waters of the Sea of Japan are to the east, the Korean peninsula to the south, and China to the West.

Bikin National Park was created on November 3, 2015 to protect the largest remaining old-growth mixed forest in the Northern Hemisphere, as well as the territory of 10% of all Amur tigers in the wild. The park was also created for the purpose of protecting the forest culture of the 600 indigenous inhabitants of the Bikin River Basin living in the territory - Udeghes and Nanai people. Because of its size for pristine forest, and its characterization as a "temperate rain forest", it has an important status as a center for biodiversity of both plants and animals. The park sits in the administrative region of Pozharsky District, in Primorsky Krai in the Russian Far East on the west slope of the Sikhote-Alin mountains. The Bikin River Valley is also a World Heritage site.

Lazovski Nature Reserve is a Russian 'zapovednik' that sits on the southeastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, down to the coast of the Sea of Japan, in Primorsky Krai in the Russian Far East about 150 km due east of Vladivostok. The reserve is 95% forested, with the largest stand of yew trees in the Russian Far East, and has been the subject of scientific study since the 1800s for its rich communities of plants and animals found in the transition mountain to maritime zones in a temperate, rainy forest. Lazonvsky Reserve contains more species than any other reserve in the Russian Far East, and 60% of the species in the Priomorky region are found on the reserve. It is jointly managed with the Zov Tigra National Park, located about 50 km to the northwest. The reserve is situated entirely within the Lazovsky District of Primorsky Krai. The reserve was created in 1957, and covers an area of 120,989 ha (467.14 sq mi).

Bastak Nature Reserve is a Russian 'zapovednik' located in the Amur River basin in the Russian Far East. The reserve's territory covers the south-eastern spurs Bureya Range and the northern outskirts of the Sredneamurskaya lowlands. The reserve is situated in about 10 km north of the city of Birobidzhan in the Birobidzhansky District, and is the only national reserve in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.

Bolon Nature Reserve is the oldest Russian 'zapovednik' in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Middle Amur River lowlands adjacent to the south-west of Lake Bolon. The reserve covers the wetlands of international importance. Large numbers of migratory waterfowl use the area for nesting and stopovers on long flights. The reserve is situated half way between the city of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur, in the Amursky District of Khabarovsk Krai. The reserve was created in 1997, and covers an area of 100,000 ha (390 sq mi).

Botcha Nature Reserve is a Russian 'zapovednik'. It is the northernmost reserve inhabited by the endangered Amur Tiger. The reserve is located in the north-eastern part of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range; it includes the Botchi River basin on its eastern slopes. The reserve is about 120 km south of the port city of Sovetskaya Gavan in the Sovetsko-Gavansky District of Khabarovsk Krai. The reserve was created in 1994, and covers an area of 267,380 ha (1,032.4 sq mi).

Ussurisky Nature Reserve is a Russian 'zapovednik' that protects one of the remaining virgin mixed deciduous-conifer forests in the Primorsky (Maritime) region of the Russian Far East. The mountainous terrain is located on a southern spur of the Sikhote-Alin Mountains, in the upper reaches of the Komarovka River, about 50 km northeast of the city of Vladivostok. The reserve is named after Vladimir L. Komarov, an important early botanist and early explorer of the Primorsky region. The Ussursisky Reserve is situated in the Shkotovsky District of Primorsky Krai.

Khanka Nature Reserve is a Russian 'zapovednik' that covers portions of the shore and waters of Lake Khanka, the largest freshwater lake in the Russian Far East. It is an important area for nesting and migrating waterfowl and other birds. The reserve is divided into five distinct sectors on the southern and eastern shores of the lake. The reserve is situated in the Spassky District, in the southwest of Primorsky Krai. It was formally established in 1990, and covers an area of 437 km 2 (169 sq mi). It is part of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.

The Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga ecoregion is an area of coniferous forests in the Russian Far East, covering the Amur River delta, the west coast of the Okhotsk Sea, and the rugged extension of the northern Sikhote-Alin Mountains that run southwest-to-northeast through the Primorsky and Khabarovsk regions. It is the southernmost taiga forest in Eurasia. The ecoregion is distinguished from surrounding ecoregions by the slightly warmer climate due to the maritime influence and the shield of the mountains to the west, and by the mixing of flora and fauna species from Okhotsk-Kamchatka communities to the north and Manchurian species from the south. The forest at lower altitudes is "light taiga", and "dark taiga" at higher altitudes.

The Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion covers a mountainous areas above the lower Amur River and Ussuri River in Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai in the Russian Far East. The ecoregion is in the Palearctic realm, with a Humid Continental climate. It covers 187,357 km 2 (72,339 sq mi).

The Suiphun–Khanka meadows and forest meadows ecoregion is a relatively small ecoregion centered on Lake Khanka, a fresh water lake in the Russian Far East, with a portion in China. The terrain is unforested, flat, and marshy. The area is an important stopover spot for migratory birds, including many vulnerable species. It has an area of 33,929 square kilometres (13,100 sq mi), and is in the Flooded grasslands and savannas biome.

• ↑ Geographical positions of Primorsky Krai
• ↑ "Forests of Northeast Asia" .
• ↑ "Botanica Pacifica, 2008" (PDF) .
• Geography of Primorsky Krai Archived 2020-02-20 at the Wayback Machine
• Geography and tourism in Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai, Baia di Telyakovsky - descrizione, storia e fatti interessanti.

Incredibile ma in Primorsky Krai ci sono due baie di Telyakovsky. Il primo si trova a ovest di Vladivostok, nel distretto di Shkotovsky, all'estremità settentrionale della baia di Ussuri, tra le baie di Muravyinaya e Sukhodol. Il secondo si trova nel sud-est di Vladivostok, nel distretto di Khasanovsky - il più meridionale delle latitudini del Kraj Primorskij. In termini di turismo, la seconda baia è più attraente. Pertanto, presteremo più attenzione ad esso.

Primorsky Krai, baia di Telyakovsky

Un po 'di storia

Molti oggetti geografici di Primorye e dell'Estremo Oriente hanno ricevuto i loro nomi dai nomi dei pionieri, che hanno scoperto questi luoghi incredibili e hanno dato un contributo personale al lavoro delle spedizioni idrografiche russe. Così la penisola, il promontorio e il faro furono nominati in onore di Dmitry Ivanovich Gamow - un ufficiale della famosa fregata "Pallas", che nel 1854 condusse ricerche marine nella regione dell'Estremo Oriente. In futuro, il generale generale Gamov ha studiato e descritto in dettaglio la costa della penisola coreana.

Il posto del vero romanticismo

È impossibile guidare direttamente verso la costa della baia di Telyakovsky su qualsiasi mezzo di trasporto terrestre, poiché è circondato da montagne e dossi ricoperti di foreste. Le strette spiagge di ciottoli sono decorate con pittoresche scogliere di granito bianco e una rara specie di pini fittamente fioriti, che sono endemiche del Litorale Primorsky. Non ci sono negozi, hotel o centri ricreativi nelle vicinanze. La baia di Telyakovsky nel territorio di Primorsky invita a non essere toccata dalla bellezza laconica e dai paesaggi marini settentrionali.

Questa regione è piena di specie di animali e uccelli del "libro rosso". La profondità della baia raggiunge i 40 m, ma l'acqua è così chiara che il fondo è visibile anche dalle basse scogliere costiere. I subacquei con piacere possono osservare numerosi abitanti del mare: molluschi, echinodermi e granchi. Nell'acqua, tuttavia, c'è il pericolo di calpestare un riccio di mare, i cui aghi sono impregnati di veleno, causando ferite di guarigione difficili, quindi è meglio nuotare qui nelle scarpe.

Sono noti anche i tragici casi in cui gli squali mangiatori di uomini nuotavano in queste acque.

Bassi pini ramificati, fantasiosamente radicati su scogliere inaccessibili, perfettamente in armonia con il blu marino e le rocce aspre. Non c'è quasi nessuna copertura erbosa, poiché un denso strato di aghi crea un terreno alcalino ricco, inadatto per altre specie di piante. Tuttavia, il tappeto rosso di conifere è incredibilmente pulito, morbido e caldo, così puoi rilassarti e goderti l'aria salubre del regno sempreverde dell'Estremo Oriente.

Turisti "selvaggi" e il cuore languido

Nella stagione calda, nella baia di Telyakovsky vengono organizzate regolari "avventure". I turisti fisicamente e mentalmente addestrati sono presi dall'insediamento di Vityaz a piedi, che corre lungo i sentieri di montagna e fiumi di pietra fino alla costa della baia. È possibile scendere in acqua solo in alcuni punti, che sono dotati di coperture di corda e gradini grezzi nelle rocce.

Ma l'attrazione più famosa della zona acquatica di Telyakovsky è l'isola del cuore malato, che si trova approssimativamente nel mezzo della circonferenza della baia premuta tra le scogliere. È una minuscola isola rocciosa, ricoperta di pini rachitici, ma a causa della particolare conservazione di questo tipo di mare, durante le piccole tempeste vicino all'isola, si sente un ronzio ritmico, simile al suono di un cuore. I fan degli sport estremi saranno in grado di raggiungere autonomamente il Sickling Heart se superano una cintura lunga 10 metri nell'acqua.

Le visite sono organizzate da Vladivostok per uno o due giorni. I turisti sono invitati a portare con sé le attrezzature necessarie per un'escursione, un pranzo al sacco, un sacco della spazzatura, così come un po 'di coraggio e romanticismo.

Come arrivare alla baia Telyakovsky?

Se devi utilizzare i mezzi pubblici, puoi raggiungere la baia Telyakovsky da Vladivostok sia con l'autobus che con il traghetto per il villaggio di Slavyanka, nel distretto di Khasanovsky. Quindi devi prendere un taxi - guidare per circa 80 km. Coloro che non amano troppo le magnifiche, ma pericolose spiagge selvagge, potranno rilassarsi comodamente nella baia di Vityaz, dove ci sono molti accoglienti centri di ricreazione ecologica.

Giornata internazionale di scacchi: storia, caratteristiche e curiosità

Gestione della proprietà federale. agenzia federale per la gestione della proprietà federale, articoli correlati, olio di semi di lino per capelli: una cura miracolosa per ottenere una bellezza unica, piselli dolci, o come far crescere "falene" multicolori, sfaccettature del possibile: il cervello umano. lo sviluppo, l'abilità, il lavoro del cervello umano.