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“opening doors to the future”, community problem solving.

Community Problem Solving (CmPS),  encourages students to become agents of change and engages students in their communities. Students explore an existing problem in the school, community or region.

Students in both team and individual Community Problem Solving apply problem-solving strategies and skills to real-world problems. Community Problem Solving teams can be composed of as few as three or four students or as many as 100. Several schools might work together on a community project. For assessment, projects are grouped in categories such as civic and cultural issues, education, the environment, health concerns and human services. 

Community Problem Solving is a vehicle for both community service and service learning. After identifying and understanding the problem situation, teams and individuals use the FPS model to generate ideas, develop an action plan and implement the plan. Students develop and demonstrate teamwork skills and sef-confidence in this outcome-based component allowing them to implement a wide range of solutions presented to a real audience.

Community Problem Solving bridges the gap between school and the real world. At the 2008 International Conference (IC), NC FPS's State Champions, the RESPECTATORS from Smith Academy coached by Heather Lynch, took 6th place globally. The team noticed that many negative behaviors stem from respect issues among people; therefore, the RESPECTATORS chose to investigate the roots of disrespect and educate others to bring about positive changes in behaviors. They created presentations about friendship, fights, gossip, and respect for our sixth grade students. They researched, organized, and implemented a middle school Challenge Day to help all students demonstrate team building skills and encourage respect for other cultures. Through their activities, they changed how their school and community values respect towards others.

NC FPS's 6th grade CmPS team from Waddell Language Academy coached by Heather Lynch were our 2015 State Bowl champions and attended IC. They found that one-third of their day is impacted by distracted drivers. In response, the STOP TADing (Texting and Driving) project was created by TEAM DRIVE to educate drivers about the dangers of distracted driving. TEAM DRIVE created a website, social media accounts, YouTube channel and PSAs which played on national radio. They also participated in April’s Distracted Driving Awareness month and published video games for drivers to experience distracted driving risks firsthand. 

community problem solving

10 Community Problems and 10 Solutions

We present here 10 community problems and 10 solutions. They cover food, energy, housing, social, education, economics, transportation, and more.

We all live and interact in communities of various sizes. Our towns and cities are the communities most people think of, but we also work in communities, go to school and/or take our kids to schools that have their own community structures, and we usually belong to various social and recreational communities too. As a person and parent living on this planet of finite resources, I’m very focused on solutions and approaches that make our communities more sustainable. As the Director of the One Community Global nonprofit , I’m also interested in community solutions that can be applied globally.

With this in mind, here are 10 common community problems and 10 solutions. If you’d like information on how One Community is integrating these into ultra-sustainable communities that will function as self-sufficient and self-replicating teacher/demonstration hubs , click the related icons.

FOOD SOLUTIONS

Large-scale applications for global change.

Duplicable food infrastructure designed to produce food that is grown on-site. Food grown this way will be fresher and can be produced without pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides. In addition, it will be more diverse than what people find in the grocery store because it is grown as part of our open source botanical garden model .

ENERGY SOLUTIONS

Duplicable energy infrastructure including solar , wind , and hydro to help people eliminate their power bills and be a source of revenue for those still connected to the grid. Also, built to evolve and grow with the evolution and expansion of new technologies too.

HOUSING SOLUTIONS

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EDUCATION SOLUTIONS

Duplicable education models designed for all ages, built to exceed traditional educational standards, and modifiable for application in a homeschooling environment, a traditional schooling environment, or for use as a complete community-based private schooling program.

SOCIAL/RECREATIONAL SOLUTIONS

Duplicable social architecture and recreation models built within “ True Community ” and designed to provide a more enriching and fulfilling living experience . All on-site, freely available, and providing more activity diversity than most metropolitan areas.

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMICS

Duplicable for-profit and non-profit business infrastructure that prioritizes cooperation and collaboration over competition. Resource based economy application and a model for sharing it globally .

STEWARDSHIP SOLUTIONS

Duplicable “Highest Good” approaches to all aspects of life . This includes community and individually applicable lifestyle considerations and small and large-scale recycling, reuse, and repurposing options for all areas: paper , plastic , glass , polystyrene/styrofoam , clothing/cloth , food and other perishable items , and even non-recyclables .

TRANSPORTATION SOLUTIONS

Transportation is another common community challenge. It includes cost of ownership and maintenance, parking and other space needs, and vehicle contributions to the climate crisis. Co-ownership, ride sharing, alternative transportation (bike, scooter, moped, etc.), and public transportation are all common solutions to this. The larger the community participating, the more effective and convenient these solutions all are.

DIY duplicable housing infrastructure designed to demonstrate community and localized living with almost everything a person needs or would want within walking distance. Models like these will eliminate the need for regular car use, but everyone will still have access to a car anytime they need or want one.

VALUES DIFFERENCES

Values differences are arguably the most destructive community challenge. Religion, politics, lifestyle preferences, dietary preferences, how to raise kids, pets, etc. can all be areas where people passionately differ in their opinions and perspectives. If unresolvable conflicts are arising, your values differences may not be sustainable. One way to address this is to choose to focus on the areas you agree. A second way is to be more transparent with your values and primarily build community with others who share them.

Duplicable and adaptable values structures based on compassion, kindness, and what we call living and creating for “ The Highest Good of All .”

GLOBAL IMPLEMENTATION

Almost everyone can look at the list above and see something they would like to implement but find really challenging. Some would even like to implement all of these ideas, but how? Local, national, and global communities are the answer. Groups of people will find it easier to implement these solutions, even the individual ones. Find a group or start one, there are so many resources out there and every action makes a difference. The bigger the community, the bigger the difference.

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community problem solving

Community Problem Solving

Individual cmps.

Community Problem Solving (CmPS) is a project-based competitive component in which students identify real problems and implement real solutions in a community. It is the real world application of the FPS process. Teams or individuals use the skills of the problem solving process and the six-step framework as they work on their projects. A formal presentation and implementation of an action plan are included in this component. Participants move from hypothetical issues to real world, authentic concerns.

New York School Community Service | Future Problem Solving

JUNIOR DIVISION

(Grades 4 - 6)

MIDDLE DIVISION

(Grades 7 - 9)

SENIOR DIVISION

(Grades 10 - 12)

Gr 4                                Gr 7                                  Gr 10                           Gr 12

Why participate in cmps.

CmPS is ideal for developing strategic thinking, leadership skills, and encouraging a wider contribution to community service. CmPS participants make a difference in their communities and learn about the importance of civil engagement. Learn more about how students drive engagement through this component here .

Students competing CmPS have implemented a wide range of action plans. These have included efforts such as cleaning up waste, promoting literacy, and finding homes for unwanted pets. 

New York Future Problem Solving

Project & Competition Stages

CmPS projects can be single or multi-year projects. The participants submit their report and all required materials for the year in which they aim to compete. Submissions will be evaluated for the State Conference and winners in each division will advance to compete against projects at the International Conference.

Competitive Submission

Project Execution Process

Project Idea Generation

community problem solving

Executing The Project

Documenting and reporting project, state conference, international conference.

community problem solving

Under the guidance of an advisor or advisors, teams of up to 15 participants in Grades 4-12 (competing within the Junior, Middle, or  Senior Divisions) use the FPS six-step model to address problems in the community. The projects can be single year or multi-year.

Teams complete a Written Report (following the six-steps framework), Addendum/Mini-Scrapbook of supporting documentation, Presentation media (a tri-fold board showcase), and other material related to the project.

New York School Community Service | New York Academic Competition | Future Problem Solving

Case Study: Project Kind Kids

A team of 12 students from a Long Island school worked together to address the real world issue of "unkindness". The team trained and implemented a Peer Mediation Program to take place during lunch periods at their school. They wrote a script for a film to teach the school about their program and how it can help resolve conflicts. Additionally, they debuted a rap music video to promote kindness during a “Kindness” school assembly. The assembly also featured a guest speaker from Lady Gaga’s Born This Way Foundation, who discussed the impact of kindness on their lives. The team was featured on New York regional news.

The CmPS team was the New York Junior Division state champions for 2018-19 and went on to win second place at the International Conference.

Under the guidance of an advisor or advisors, a student, in Grades 4-12 (competing within the Junior, Middle, or  Senior Divisions), may decide to compete individually rather than as a member of a team. Individual CmPS submissions only compete against other individual submissions and is evaluated separately from Team CmPS. The student applies the FPS six-step model to address issues in the community. The projects can be single year or multi-year. 

Participants complete a Written Report (following the six-steps framework), Addendum/Mini-Scrapbook of supporting documentation, Presentation media (a tri-fold board showcase), and other material related to the project.

New York School Community Service | New York Academic Competition | Future Problem Solving

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WISCONSIN FUTURE PROBLEM SOLVING 

community problem solving

2009 Senior Grand Champion

Pecatonica High School

Blanchardville, Wisconsin

A survey showed that an alarming number of our high school students engaged in risky driving behavior. Our project DRIVE – Driving Responsibly In Vehicles Everywhere - aimed to increase driving safety in our student population. Events included a DRIVE Day with a speaker and activities that showed students how certain behaviors can affect one’s ability to concentrate while driving. We also taught students at the elementary school the importance of being a good passenger and buckling up. Our final event involved more speakers and a mock accident staged with the help of local emergency services and law enforcement agencies.  

community problem solving

EXTREME MAKEOVER:

PARK EDITION

2008 Senior 2nd Place

Luxemburg-Casco High Sch

Luxemburg, Wisconsin

To honor Luxemburg’s Centennial, our team transformed our outdated, unsafe, and rarely-used village park into an inviting location for family recreation. We demolished old park equipment, spread two semi loads of mulch beneath new equipment, built ten children’s picnic tables, painted recycling barrels, and constructed park benches and a project sign. We constructed a fire truck climbing toy, painted the older play equipment and the park shelter, and sealed/painted the basketball court. We obtained funding for new lighting and a security camera. In May, we encouraged public participation with our second “Music in the Park” event.  

community problem solving

Community Problem Solving (CmPS)

What is Community Problem Solving?

Community Problem Solving (CmPS) is a team or individual activity in which students identify real problems in their school or community and implement real solutions.  Students use the steps and skills of the problem solving process from the Future Problem Solving Program as they work on their project.  However, since real life is not always as organized as an academic exercise, the process may not proceed neatly from step one through step six.  Also, projects may not be completely wrapped up by the time they must be submitted, and some projects may even take more than one year.

Why Community Problem Solving?

Today’s students will be running the world in the 21st century.  What better way to prepare them than by teaching them to think systematically about problematic situations, to gather information to understand the situation, and to evaluate multiple solutions in order to best address the situation?  Students involved in Community Problem Solving learn very powerful lessons about creating change, about dealing with local authorities and organizations, and about making an impact.  The implementation of real solutions gives students a strong sense of accomplishment, and helps them to see the practical applications of the processes and skills that they have been learning.

How do students participate in Community Problem Solving?

Individuals or teams of any size may participate in Community Problem Solving in three divisions: Junior (grades 4-6), Middle (grades 7-9), and Senior (grades 10-12).  For a team, you may want at least 3 or 4 students, and for large projects groups of up to 15 are possible.  You may have more than 15 students involved; however, please note that a maximum of 15 students may participate in the CmPS competition at the International Conference if the team qualifies. Since CmPS projects are long-term activities, lasting up to a year or more, students need to be committed to following through with the activity.  Complex projects may take quite a bit of organization, with tasks divided among the participants.  Having a background in the Global Issues competition or curricular components of FPS is a great start for students in CmPS, but it is not required.  If they have not been involved with FPS, students do need to be taught the problem solving process as part of their community problem solving experience.  

How can I get started with my students?

Training in the problem solving process is important for coaches of Community Problem Solving groups. Workshops are usually scheduled for fall in Wisconsin. (Please call March-September for more information.) If you are not able to attend a training workshop, resources are available to help you “train yourself.” Check the sales page under Coaches for essential publications available from fpspimart.org. Publications for Global Issues Problem Solving teach the problem solving process. You will also find publications for CmPS. Also download the CmPS information on the Registration and Fees page.  If you wish, we can put you in touch with other adults who have coached CmPS groups and have taken teams to both State Bowl and the International Conference.

See REGISTRATION & FEES for project information and entry forms

How do I register students for Community Problem Solving?

CmPS Coach and Project information, entry forms and due dates are available on the Registration and Fees page. Wisconsin also has a supplement to the project requirements. Contact [email protected] for this information. Let the office know if you would like to be put in touch with an experienced CmPS coach. The entry fee is submitted along with the entry materials, which must include a written report, addendum pages, and a scrapbook as described in the CmPS materials. The postmark date is in mid to late February. Students may continue to work on their projects after the initial submission date.

How are community problems evaluated?

CmPS projects are read by a state evaluator in early March.  The aspects considered are the written report (overview of the project, implementation of the action plan, and project outcomes), the addendum, and the scrapbook.  Winning individuals and teams in each division are invited to attend the opening ceremony of the State Bowl to set up a visual display and give an oral presentation about the project.  First place projects with enough points may qualify for the International Conference; this determination is made by the CmPS evaluation coordinator.  High quality second place projects may sometimes be submitted to the international office for an additional consideration .

Problem Solving Process

Develop an Area of Concern

1 - Identify Challenges

2 - Select an Underlying Problem

3 - Produce Solution Ideas

4/5 - Use Criteria to Evaluate Solution Ideas

6 - Develop an Action Plan

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  • v.80(1); 2003 Mar

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Broadening participation in community problem solving: A multidisciplinary model to support collaborative practice and research

Roz d. lasker.

Center for the Advancement of Collaborative Strategies in Health, Division of Public Health, The New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, Room 452, 10029-5293 New York, NY

Elisa S. Weiss

Over the last 40 years, thousands of communities—in the United States and internationally—have been working to broaden the involvement of people and organizations in addressing community-level problems related to health and other areas. Yet, in spite of, this experience, many communities are having substantial difficulty achieving their collaborative objective, and many funders of community partnerships and participation initiatives are looking for ways to get more out of their investment. One of the reasons we are in this predicament is that the practitioners and researchers who are interested in community collaboration come from a variety of contexts, initiatives, and academic disciplines, and few of them have integrated their work with experiences or literatures beyond their own domain. In this article, we seek to overcome some of this fragmentation of effort by presenting a multidisciplinary model that lays out the pathways by which broadly participatory processes lead to more effective community problem solving and to improvements in community health. The model, which builds on a broad array of practical experience as well as conceptual and empirical work in multiple fields, is an outgrowth of a joint-learning work group that was organized to support nine communities in the Turning Point initiative. Following a detailed explication of the model, the article focuses on the implications of the model for research, practice, and policy. It describes how the model can help researchers answer the fundamental effectiveness and “how-to” questions related to community collaboration. In addition, the article explores differences between the model and current practice, suggesting strategies that can help the participants in, and funders of, community collaborations strengthen their efforts.

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (185K).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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What is community problem solving, why is this important, how can technology play a role in this process, what is the role of nonprofits in community problem solving , thank you to our sponsors.

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bringing people together to effect change, picking issues effectively and getting them "on the screen" for the attention of others, turning "concern" into organized action and identifying those with a stake in the issues (stakeholders), building will and capacity for change; given a set of identified problems or concerns, working with others to understand conditions and causes, generate possible solutions or options, and make decisions among the options; given a mandate and some promising options, producing the needed results, more and more often through joint arrangements among stakeholders--sometimes called "partnerships" or "alliances." ... And other tasks that cut across those, such as: : getting players that are working together to learn more about the problems (especially when they don't see things the same way), about each other's interests, about what types of solutions or responses to problems are promising and why, about what the barriers to action (including the players' own resistance) may be; and : advancing your interests (or those of your constituents) in a world in which more and more issues that matter are jointly decided with other players, rather than imposed "top-down" from above. Promoting needed cooperation and trust. Managing conflict to get key decisions made--and made legitimately and wisely. Dealing with unequal power, gaining more leverage. That is, they are often  phases that follow neatly one after the other, much as we would like things to work that way. Learning and negotiating tend to be going on constantly, for example. original tools that discuss the big problem-solving processes in an accessible way to help you develop strategies that work, plus links to much more helpful advice and tools available (some for free and some for a fee) elsewhere. We want to help you learn through the tools available here and organize your own agenda for further learning. Dictionary definitions of "strategy" often begin with reference to military plans and campaigns, and newsstands and bookstores everywhere are overflowing with advice (and hype) on business strategy. So what does strategy have to do with solving social problems? --a set of ideas for how to accomplish something important when outcomes are uncertain and resources are limited--was indeed first developed in a systematic way to help leaders win battles. Sun Tzu's (China, 500 B.C.) is an early classic on strategy, and the ancient Romans and others with the habit of writing things down left behind a great deal of "strategic" thinking about how to make the most of scarce resources when the military and political stakes are high. , strategy came to be associated with "adaptation" in biological evolution and also with ideas for making businesses more competitive and successful. In fact, both areas--evolution and business--tied strategy to the notion of competition and "survival of the fittest." (U.S., 1980) advises business leaders on how to understand and respond to competitive environments that may change dramatically over time. And while more and more resources for developing public sector and nonprofit strategy are becoming available, the business world continues to create the greatest demand for, and promote the most careful use of, strategy ideas. The profit motive fuels an enormous amount of thought and writing on what strategy is, how it needs to change, and how to "do it" in particular organizations or markets. to do are not strategies for to effectively get it done. Many plans, and especially those crafted in the public or "community" interest, list needs--or, in some cases, "assets" as well as needs-and then identify what should be done to address the needs and build on the assets. . That's what the tools in this section are all about. 

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Community-Powered Problem Solving

  • Francis Gouillart
  • Douglas Billings

A health care initiative shows how brick-and-mortar businesses can co-create solutions with their partners and change the rules of the game.

Reprint: R1304D

Traditionally, companies have managed their constituencies with specific processes: marketing to customers, procuring from vendors, developing HR policies for employees, and so on. The problem is, such processes focus on repeatability and compliance, so they can lead to stagnation. Inviting your constituencies to collectively help you solve problems and exploit opportunities—“co-creation”—is a better approach. It allows you to continually tap the skills and insights of huge numbers of stakeholders and develop new ways to produce value for all.

The idea is to provide stakeholders with platforms (physical and digital forums) on which they can interact, get them to start exploring new experiences and connections, and let the system grow organically. A co-creation initiative by a unit of Becton, Dickinson and Company demonstrates how this works. A global leader in syringes, BD set out to deepen its ties with hospital customers and help them reduce the incidence of infections from unsafe injection and syringe disposal practices. The effort began with a cross-functional internal team, brought in the hospital procurement and supply managers BD had relationships with, and then reached out to hospitals’ infection-prevention and occupational health leaders. Eventually product designers, nurses, sustainability staffers, and even hospital CFOs were using the platform, contributing data that generated new best practices and reduced infections.

Idea in Brief

Large problems often present big opportunities. The challenge is that their solutions often require the collaborative efforts of hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people from different organizations. The best way to make this happen is to provide platforms on which these people can engage with one another and invent new ways to create value for their organizations and themselves.

The first step in building such a “co-creation” system is to identify a large problem that everyone has an interest in. Then you should devise and test hypotheses about the segments of the community that need to be engaged, the platforms that will allow their members to connect in new ways, the interactions that will result, the experiences that members will get out of the interactions, and the value that could be generated to create a win for all.

A model for this is a work in progress that Becton, Dickinson and Company is orchestrating. A global leader in supplying syringes, BD is using co-creation to deepen its ties with hospital chains by helping them reduce the incidence of infections caused by unsafe injection and syringe-disposal practices.

All companies—even those in entirely B2B, brick-and-mortar industries—are now in a Facebook-like business. Their leaders have to be community organizers who strive to engage the customers, suppliers, employees, partners, citizens, and regulators that make up their ecosystems. A good way to do that is to provide those stakeholders with the means to connect with the company—and with one another—and encourage them to constantly invent new ways to create value for their organizations and themselves.

  • FG Francis Gouillart is president of the Experience Co-Creation Partnership, a management education and consulting firm in Concord, Massachusetts, and is co-author (with Venkat Ramaswamy) of the HBR article “Building the Co-Creative Enterprise” and the book The Power of Co-Creation .
  • DB Douglas Billings is a principal and the head of the co-creation practice at PwC.

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Broadening participation in community problem solving: a multidisciplinary model to support collaborative practice and research

Affiliation.

  • 1 Center for the Advancement of Collaborative Strategies in Health, Division of Public Health, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. [email protected]
  • PMID: 12612096
  • PMCID: PMC3456118
  • DOI: 10.1093/jurban/jtg014

Over the last 40 years, thousands of communities-in the United States and internationally-have been working to broaden the involvement of people and organizations in addressing community-level problems related to health and other areas. Yet, in spite of this experience, many communities are having substantial difficulty achieving their collaborative objective, and many funders of community partnerships and participation initiatives are looking for ways to get more out of their investment. One of the reasons we are in this predicament is that the practitioners and researchers who are interested in community collaboration come from a variety of contexts, initiatives, and academic disciplines, and few of them have integrated their work with experiences or literatures beyond their own domain. In this article, we seek to overcome some of this fragmentation of effort by presenting a multidisciplinary model that lays out the pathways by which broadly participatory processes lead to more effective community problem solving and to improvements in community health. The model, which builds on a broad array of practical experience as well as conceptual and empirical work in multiple fields, is an outgrowth of a joint-learning work group that was organized to support nine communities in the Turning Point initiative. Following a detailed explication of the model, the article focuses on the implications of the model for research, practice, and policy. It describes how the model can help researchers answer the fundamental effectiveness and "how-to" questions related to community collaboration. In addition, the article explores differences between the model and current practice, suggesting strategies that can help the participants in, and funders of, community collaborations strengthen their efforts.

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  • The Community Readiness Model: evaluating local smoke-free policy development. York NL, Hahn EJ. York NL, et al. Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2007 Aug;8(3):184-200. doi: 10.1177/1527154407308409. Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2007. PMID: 18178926 Review.
  • Problem solving is embedded in context… so how do we measure it? Rhodes KT, Richland LE, Alcalá L. Rhodes KT, et al. Front Psychol. 2024 May 17;15:1380178. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1380178. eCollection 2024. Front Psychol. 2024. PMID: 38827892 Free PMC article.
  • Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Tribal Communities: A Case Study on Program Implementation Experiences from Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh States, India. Meghani A, Sharma M, Singh T, Dastidar SG, Dhawan V, Kanagat N, Gupta A, Bhatnagar A, Singh K, Shearer JC, Soni GK. Meghani A, et al. Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Apr 26;12(5):463. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12050463. Vaccines (Basel). 2024. PMID: 38793714 Free PMC article.
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  • Section 1. An Introduction to the Problem-Solving Process

Chapter 17 Sections

  • Section 2. Thinking Critically
  • Section 3. Defining and Analyzing the Problem
  • Section 4. Analyzing Root Causes of Problems: The "But Why?" Technique
  • Section 5. Addressing Social Determinants of Health and Development
  • Section 6. Generating and Choosing Solutions
  • Section 7. Putting Your Solution into Practice

 

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  • Main Section
Learn how to solve problems effectively and efficiently by following our detailed process.

What is a problem?

Why is a group process particularly important, what is the problem-solving process.

"We must try to trust one another. Stay and cooperate."  - Jomo Kenyatta, (1891 - 1978), former president of the Republic of Kenya

Imagine for a moment that your coalition's mission is to encourage development in a traditionally poor downtown neighborhood. Your first goal is to recruit members, but you find a lack of interest among area residents. So you work for months to convince people to join, and meet with some modest success. Then, at your first all-coalition meeting, you find that members don't want to work together. The students you have recruited don't trust the police officers who have shown up; the police officers, in turn, pay no attention to the students; and an argument has broken out in one corner of the room between a few fundamentalist Christians and gay rights activists. Your head is in your hands. You are halfway through your grant, and it seems that you haven't made any headway whatsoever towards your stated goal. What are you going to do now?

Problems are a fact of life at home, at play, and at work. Unfortunately, problems aren't always isolated cases. They tend to be like onions - you peel away one problem only to find another, and then another, and you can't solve the problem you were first interested in until you solve a variety of related problems. For example, you can't increase safety at a crosswalk until you hire more crossing guards. And nobody will apply for the job until you can increase the salary.

In short, we will always be confronted with problems, so the importance of problem solving can't be overstated. That's why this chapter of the Tool Box is focused wholly on the subject. Because most of us labor in groups or coalitions that are working together on an issue, we will focus primarily on the group problem-solving process.

So, what's a problem? How would you define one? We usually define a problem fairly negatively: a problem is a hassle, it's a pain in the neck. This is often true, but more generally, a problem can be considered the difference between what is , and what might or should be. And believe it or not, problems have their advantages, too. What are some of the good things about problems?

  • Most problems are solvable (or partially solvable, or at least improvable). We can do something about them. The task may seem overwhelming (it surely did when David fought Goliath, or when suffragettes worked to give women the right to vote), but it's not hopeless. Our optimistic assumption is that we can change the world.
  • Problems are opportunities to make some good things happen. If it weren't for problems, what would be our motivation to create change?
  • Problems are also challenges . They call upon the best of our abilities, and ask us to go beyond what we thought we could do. They make life interesting, and, at least sometimes, fun. Without problems, life could be pretty boring.

You don't agree? Think of all of the games based on problem solving. Chess is thousands of years old and is still as popular as ever, based on the number of books you might find on it at your local bookstore. The Rubik's Cube was a national rage some years back. True, the stakes may be very different between a chess game and finding a way to connect with local young people. But both can present a challenge that stretches us in the same ways.

With all this in mind, what is "problem solving?" A good definition can be found in Lead on! The complete handbook for group leaders. The authors define problem solving as "an individual or collaborative process composed of two different skills: (1) to analyze a situation accurately, and (2) to make a good decision based on that analysis."

Why are we focusing on a collaborative process in this chapter? Well, for several reasons. You probably already do a lot of individual problem solving , and there's a good deal of merit in that. But many of the problems and challenges we face as members of our organizations affect everyone in the group. It makes sense then, that everyone is part of the solution. And, as the saying goes, two heads are better than one - so just imagine what can be accomplished with a room full of dedicated people!

Now, let's change the emphasis for a moment. Why are we focusing on a collaborative process in this chapter? Maybe your group is used to doing things haphazardly on an as-absolutely-necessary basis. Why should you take more time (already a precious commodity among most groups) to go through a lengthy process?

  • Effective group processes enhance a group's ability to solve problems and make decisions. When working with more than just a couple of people, solving a problem with a set process becomes more manageable.
  • It increases the group's efficiency and productivity.
  • It increases the group's participation - more people tend to be involved, and, as a result,
  • It increases group satisfaction. This means, among other things, that the group is more likely to want to take on other problems. And when they do so, they'll be better placed to solve them.

Like any other process, there are many different tasks that need to be done to properly solve problems. And again, like any other process, skipping some of the steps will make the job more difficult in the long run. Here is a brief explanation of each of the steps, to be discussed in more detail in the following sections:

  • Running effective meetings - Since your work will be in a group, the first thing you need to understand is how to hold a good meeting. You may have the problem-solving process down pat, but that won't make any difference if nobody shows up at your meeting, or if no one pays attention to what goes on.
  • Developing facilitation skills - Strong facilitation skills go hand in hand with running an effective meeting. A good facilitator helps diffuse explosive emotions, makes sure everyone's voice is heard, and steers the group towards the best decisions.
  • Developing recorder skills - Again, these skills are part of running an effective meeting. A good recorder works hand in hand with the facilitator, and together, they make sure that not only are everyone's opinions heard, they are also seen, remembered, and followed up on. Having a good recorder is one of the most important parts of setting up an effective meeting.
  • Defining and analyzing the problem - This is the core of the problem solving process. Sometimes, the real problem isn't originally apparent.
  • Generating and choosing solutions
  • Putting your solution into practice - If you have followed the process carefully, you'll be surprised at how easy implementing it actually is!

In Summary:

As we said before, the world is full of problems, and some of them look pretty challenging, to say the least. But the rewards are great. Solutions that are well thought out and carefully implemented can work. How much can you do?

Print Resources

Avery, M., Auvine, B., Streibel, B., & Weiss, L. (1981). A handbook for consensus decision making: Building united judgement . Madison, WI: Center for Conflict Resolution.

Dale, D., & Mitiguy, N. Planning, for a change: A citizen's guide to creative planning and program development .

Dashiell, K.A. (1990). Managing meetings for collaboration and consensus Honolulu, HI: Neighborhood Justice Center of Honolulu, Inc.

Interaction Associates, Inc. (1987). Facilitator institute handbook . San Francisco, CA: Author.

Lawson, L., Donant, F., & Lawson, J. (1982). Lead on! The complete handbook for group leaders . San Luis Obispo, CA: Impact Publishers.

Meacham, W. (1980). Human development training manual . Austin, TX: Human Development Training.

Morrison, E.(1994). Leadership skills: Developing volunteers for organizational success . Tucson, AZ: Fisher Books.  

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