A lot of universities and post-secondary institutions have specific requirements for binding. Before printing or binding your thesis, find out if the institution has any guidelines.
That is why we would like to guide you through on the best type of binding to use, which will be entirely dependent on the final paper type being submitted.
The highest quality binding any thesis can go through is leather book binding . It comes with a leather-look solid cover, which makes a thesis appear chic and stylish. You can choose between a bookmark, corner protectors or customized embossing. Either of them should make your paper look more sophisticated.
Recommendation: The following are some of the final papers perfect with leather binding
• Dissertation • Research paper • Master’s thesis • Bachelor’s thesis
Thermal binding happens to be the most versatile among all bindings. Its front cover is transparent, causing the title of your research paper to be brought to the forefront instantly. More so, it also comes with a leather-look at the back of the cover, in the color of your choice.
Recommendation: Generally, minor research projects are best presented in thermal. If you will also need print-outs of the final paper, this type of binding is perfect.
Are you looking to make your paper more attractive and standout? If so, softcover will be the ideal choice. This type allows you to design your cover however way you desire. It enables you to use different logos, fonts, wild designs and pictures of choice. When you choose this type of binding, you can let your creativity flow in any direction. Given that it is a research paper, you want to keep it less cluttered and completely professional.
Recommendation: Use Softcover for any thesis. Note, however, this type limits you to a specific number of pages. For a comprehensive dissertation, it may not be an ideal choice.
This is the simplest form of binding. It is closely similar to thermal, given that its back cover has a leather-look and also comes with a transparent front cover. The difference is that spiral binding is not glued. Here, your paper is held with spirals. Note that spiral comes in two types: metal and plastic.
Recommendation: For small projects, spiral is the perfect choice. It is not considered right for major papers such as research papers or dissertations.
Below is a table for all bindings, designed to offer you an overview to help you decide on the best one for your thesis or the final paper.
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The most elegant and sophisticated way to bind is leather. For a major final paper such as Bachelor’s thesis, Master’s thesis or an essay, it is the perfect choice. We do not recommend leather for smaller final papers. | |||||
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Of all the types used to bind, thermal is the most versatile. It is the best for final papers. If you are also looking for several print-outs, it is the sleekest and most cost-effective choice. | |||||
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Because Softcover allows you to design your cover any way you wish, it is the best for creative study programs. Understand, however, that it has a limit to the number of pages you can bind, meaning it is not always the absolute choice for final papers. For a dissertation, you will have to look for another option. | |||||
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If you are looking for the perfect binding choice for smaller projects, spiral is your go-to solution. It can also be used in final papers such as the term papers or the research project. However, if yours is more substantial in length, think around another option. |
When it comes to printing and binding your thesis, you can choose between your local copy shop or an online service provider. We recommend beginning by looking for an online printing provider. Doing so allows you to make your orders from your comfort zone and saves you valuable time, plus, they usually have good offers. Understand, however, you are exposed to winning and losing on the online platform.
In our research, BachelorPrint stood out. We found the service providers to be the go-to authorities in printing and are perfect if you also need to bind. It is an online printing service for students known to offer high-quality bindings. Because they offer free express shipping, you can be sure to get your thesis soon after printing and once it has been bound. Ensuring nothing Goes Wrong in your Thesis PrintingBecause writing and printing a thesis is a major investment, the tips provided here should ensure that everything goes smoothly. Where you will have your paper printed and bound is all up to you; whether you choose to go to an online printing service or identify an actual copy shop. However, if what you need is a high-quality work and a stress-free process, then BachelorPrint is what you need. Good luck with your thesis! Share this:Thesis Printing & Binding✓ Live preview of your binding ✓ 3D look inside function ✓ FREE express delivery Express delivery: configure now Inhaltsverzeichnis
Why Choose BachelorPrintFREE express delivery Upload your thesis, choose your binding, configure your binding and submit your order. Receive your order with free express delivery when ordering at BachelorPrint! Innovative look-inside-function Check your thesis online before printing. This is made possible by our look-inside-function that lets you check every single page for formatting errors in a digital preview. BachelorPrint 3D-live-configurator Configure the binding of your thesis, and every modification is instantly shown in a 3D-live-preview. Additionally, BachelorPrint offers a delivery time and price calculator. Our BindingsBachelorPrint offers various types of binding for printing and binding your thesis. For your thesis, we recommend the hardcover-binding, since it is the highest quality binding representing the importance of your thesis. If you need multiple copies, the thermal binding is a popular choice. Leather Book BindingsKlicken Sie auf den unteren Button, um den Inhalt von Playcanvas zu laden. Inhalt laden Premium Leather BindingRefinements, standard leather binding, excellence at its finest. Configure Now Thermal BindingSpiral binding, metal spiral binding, plastic spiral binding. Advantages Of An Online Printing Service Order easily from your own homeFrom home, you can print and bind your thesis easily and quickly. No more endless hunts for a copy or print shop, no more irritated wanderings around town, no more enduring long lines — just set up your preferred binding and get your thesis the very next day with free express delivery. Endless possibilities & all in one placeAt BachelorPrint, you can choose from various types of bindings that are good quality. You can also set up our print shop with many options. The appearance of your thesis is entirely up to you, whether it be through the use of ribbon markers, book corners, or individual embossing. If you are uncertain about the final appearance of your binding, there is no issue. With the live preview and the look inside function, you can peruse through your essay and verify its fitment. Ordered today, delivered tomorrow! We provide fast delivery wherever you want! Comparison Of Bindings
We had over 100,000 satisfied customers since 2016 Our motto: you always come first! Your opinion is important to us, and we do everything in our power to fulfill your wishes. We invite you to experience our Instagram channel for yourself and to peruse the Google reviews of our satisfied customers. 100% Real ReviewsAny Questions? Check out our FAQs or talk to our customer service team. How long does thesis binding take?We use the latest printing technologies to offer you the fastest production and delivery time for your thesis . Be careful to order before 11 o'clock if you want your thesis to be produced on the same day. We produce and deliver within 24–72 hours, depending on your location. Good to know: delivery is free! What are the costs for thesis printing?Of course, the price is crucial when it comes to thesis printing. The price depends on your personal configuration, i.e., what binding you choose, how many pieces you order, or whether you want extensions to your binding such as book corners or a ribbon. It is also relevant how many pages you want to be printed and bound in your thesis. For example, if you would like to print a 20-page thesis with premium leather binding and additional embossing, the calculated price would be $64.80. This is 45% less in comparison to other market prices! Plus: with BachelorPrint, your order is delivered for free! At BachelorPrint, we use 100 g/m² premium paper as standard for printing and set the same price for color and black/white printing. Head over to the online print shop and your price will be calculated for you as you design your thesis. Where can I order my thesis binding?For thesis binding, you can choose between a usual copy shop or an online print shop . The advantages of an online printing service like ours are, among other aspects: an easy ordering process from wherever you are, delivery to your address plus the configuration of your thesis binding with our 3D live preview and look inside function for a final look at your thesis! Which binding is recommended for a thesis?Which binding is right for your thesis depends on the importance of the printed work. A bachelor’s thesis or master’s thesis is critical and therefore should be bound with premium leather binding . If you want to hand in your thesis with an application or need it for storage purposes only, other types of binding, like thermal binding or spiral binding should be sufficient. Which paper for printing and binding a thesis?Most printing services use 80 g/m² paper for printing and binding a thesis, but this paper is rather thin and therefore might be see-through if you decide to print your thesis double-sided. We recommend using the 100 g/m² paper that looks and feels more valuable. At BachelorPrint, this is the standard paper we use for printing a thesis and there are no additional costs to it. We also offer printing with 120 g/m² paper. If you want to know more about choosing the right paper for your thesis, follow this link to our article: Which paper for thesis printing & binding? How can I save money when printing a thesis?BachelorPrint offers the best value for money. Additionally, we present you with no delivery costs and free embossing (for the “type of work” position). Do you want to save extra money? Read about how you can get free printing ! Why should I do my thesis binding online?BachelorPrint as an online printing service offers you several advantages for your thesis print on demand :
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Revaluating the Sustainable Development Thesis: exploring the moderating influence of Technological Innovation on the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Green Growth in the OECD Countries
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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) advocate for advancing green growth, a concept that balances economic prosperity with environmental protection. At the core of this vision are principles of sustainable consumption, production, and energy usage, all aimed at mitigating climate change and safeguarding ecosystems. This study investigates how technological innovation influences the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and green growth in OECD member countries. Specifically, we examine two facets of green growth: production-based CO 2 productivity and demand-based CO 2 productivity. We employ empirical analyses using the EKC and STIRPAT framework, which includes Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), smoothed instrumental-variables quantile regression (SIVQR), and System GMM methodologies, to uncover significant insights. Our analysis reveals that FDI impedes green growth, while technological innovation is pivotal in enhancing it. This pattern holds steady across various time frames and renewable energy sources. Furthermore, our findings indicate that combining FDI and technological advancement leads to heightened production-based CO 2 productivity but diminished demand-based CO 2 productivity. We also identify the presence of an environmental Kuznets curve for production-based CO 2 productivity. Adding to significant scientific value by demonstrating how technological innovation moderates FDI's impact on green growth in OECD countries, we advocate for fostering collaborative partnerships between foreign investors and local innovators to leverage global expertise while advancing green objectives. Additionally, policy interventions should focus on stimulating demand for eco-friendly products and services to bolster demand-based CO 2 productivity. Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript. 1 IntroductionEconomists and environmentalists have long been aware that the current economic growth path places immense strain on the natural environment, thereby threatening long-run economic development. Debates on the unintended consequences of pursuing growth at all costs have underscored the need to consider a growth path that signifies resilience, inclusivity, and sustainability as a critical policy imperative. There is a view that green growth is one of the key strategies that policymakers can use to stimulate the economy and achieve climate objectives simultaneously. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines green growth as fostering economic growth and development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services essential to our well-being [ 1 ]. Moreover, the relevance of green growth is deeply embedded in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which promote a balance between economic prosperity and environmental protection [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Aligning green growth with the SDGs can provide a roadmap for sustainable economic development, ensuring that investments and policies contribute to long-term environmental sustainability. Despite the growing global emphasis on green growth, the impact of economic growth and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on achieving this objective remains a contentious issue. Designing effective policies for green growth requires a nuanced understanding of the key factors influencing this growth, with economic growth and FDI being significant factors. Economic growth has long been a double-edged sword for environmental quality. On one hand, it can provide the necessary resources for investing in cleaner technologies and improving environmental standards. On the other hand, unchecked economic expansion often leads to increased resource consumption, higher emissions, and greater environmental degradation [ 5 , 6 ]. The relationship between economic growth and environmental quality is complex and varies across different contexts. In many cases, economic growth initially leads to environmental deterioration. Still, as economies mature, there is a shift towards more sustainable practices, a concept known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) [ 7 , 8 ]. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for policymakers aiming to balance economic development with environmental sustainability. This study explores this intricate balance, particularly how technological innovation moderates the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on green growth in OECD countries. The novelty of this paper is evident through its exploration of the moderating influence of technological innovation on the impact of FDI on green growth, which is a gap in the current literature. By examining both production-based and demand-based CO 2 productivity, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of green growth dynamics. Employing advanced methodologies like smoothed instrumental-variables quantile regression (SIVQR) and System GMM offers new empirical insights, contributing significantly to the existing body of knowledge. Peer review documents suggest that technological innovation is pivotal in enhancing eco-efficiency and promoting green growth, playing a dual role in mitigating environmental degradation while simultaneously driving economic progress. For instance, Wang et al. [ 9 ] and Zhang & Zhou [ 10 ] argue that aligning foreign investment with the host economy's technological capabilities can significantly reduce CO 2 emissions. Similarly, studies by Bakhsh [ 11 ], Radmehr et al. [ 12 ] and Zhao et al. [ 13 ]emphasize that technological innovation can transform investment into a catalyst for green growth, particularly in regions with robust innovation ecosystems. These technological advancements foster the adoption of cleaner practices, contributing to production and demand-based CO 2 productivity. Consequently, understanding the role of technological innovation is crucial for devising policies that leverage FDI for sustainable development. The ongoing surge of FDI in OECD economies has ignited debates about its environmental ramifications. Theoretical literature presents conflicting viewpoints on the correlation between FDI and environmental pollution. On one hand, it is argued that FDI influx into countries with lax environmental regulations may exacerbate ecological degradation. This perspective aligns with the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) first proposed by Brian et al. [ 14 ], suggesting that globalization allows firms from countries with strict environmental standards to relocate their polluting activities to countries with less stringent regulations. Conversely, an opposing perspective emphasizes that FDI fosters technological advancements within host countries, thereby improving environmental conditions [ 15 , 16 ]. Understanding these conflicting views is essential for developing policies that leverage FDI to support green growth without compromising environmental integrity. In this context, technological innovation improves the eco-efficiency of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and instigates structural transformations within industries, influencing their environmental impact. Also, technological spillovers from foreign firms can catalyze domestic innovation capabilities, creating a positive cycle of green technological advancement. However, the extent to which technological innovation mitigates the impact of FDI on the environment and promotes green growth varies among OECD sub-regions due to contextual differences in regulatory frameworks, market structures, and technological capabilities. For example, in regions with stringent eco-role and robust innovation ecosystems, FDI inflows may catalyze the adoption of cleaner technologies and practices, thereby promoting green growth. Conversely, FDI might result in heightened pollution levels and environmental degradation in areas characterized by lenient environmental standards and limited technological capacities. The relationship between technological innovation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the green economy, particularly within OECD countries, is not extensively covered in existing literature. This gap is crucial because technological innovation can mitigate or exacerbate the environmental impacts of FDI, depending on the context. In addition, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive framework for achieving sustainable development globally. This study aligns with several SDGs, particularly SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). Consequently, by examining how technological innovation shapes the influence of FDI on green growth in the OECD sub-region, this research enhances our understanding of how economic activities can support sustainable development. Specifically, we examine two dimensions of green growth: production-based CO 2 productivity and demand-based CO 2 productivity. To gain meaningful insights into these dynamics, we utilize a range of methodologies. This research uniquely contributes to environmental economics literature, offering numerous implications and far-reaching impacts. It breaks new ground by investigating the effects of FDI on green growth within OECD member countries. By exploring this relationship using two measures of green growth—production-based CO 2 productivity and demand-based CO 2 productivity—the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of carbon emissions. Production-based metrics focus on emissions generated within a country's borders, while demand-based metrics consider emissions embedded in goods and services consumed domestically. Integrating both perspectives enables a holistic assessment of a nation's carbon footprint, facilitating the development of targeted policies addressing production, consumption, and trade-related emissions to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development effectively. Additionally, by acknowledging the role of countries' development, the study employs SIVQR (Semi-Parametric Instrumental Variable Quantile Regression) to investigate the nexus across different development levels. This approach provides nuanced insights into varying stages of development, enhancing our understanding of how economic policies and growth trajectories differ globally. Consequently, this method improves the robustness and applicability of the findings across diverse economic contexts. Moreover, the study examines how technological innovation influences the relationship between FDI and green growth. On one hand, this investigation sheds light on whether technological advancements can offset the potential negative environmental impacts of FDI and promote sustainable development. On the other hand, it provides insights into the dynamics of green growth, informing policymakers on how to leverage FDI and innovation synergies to achieve environmentally sustainable economic growth. Lastly, accounting for time differences in examining this relationship enriches the literature by capturing the dynamic and evolving nature of these relationships. This approach reveals how the impact of FDI on sustainable development changes over time, identifies lag effects, and highlights long-term trends. It enhances the understanding of temporal factors influencing green growth, offering more nuanced and policy-relevant insights into the economic-environmental interplay. The remainder of the paper unfolds as follows: Sect. 2 provides a concise literature review, followed by Sect. 3 , which outlines the data and methodology utilized. Section 4 delves into the findings, and Sect. 5 offers concluding remarks. 2 Literature reviewThis section examined the theoretical and empirical literature on the nexus between FDI and the green economy. Several hypotheses and accounts on the nexus between FDI and environmental quality have been established in the literature. The nature of the relationship between the two variables can be summarised into two hypotheses called the pollution halo and pollution heaven hypothesis. The proponent of the pollution haven hypothesis asserts that foreign investors essentially take advantage of loosened environmental-related rules in these developing countries by bringing pollution-intensive production units [ 17 ]. Supporters of this view, such as Anyanwu [ 18 ], also identified factors such as cheap labour and abundant natural resources as the drivers of this process. However, some scholars have identified a different perspective, named the pollution halo hypothesis. Followers of this view argue that multinational corporations employ clean technologies in their production processes, thereby contributing to a clean environment [ 19 ]. Furthermore, proponents of this viewpoint also emphasize that introducing clean technology has the dual benefits of improving the environment in the host nation and generating jobs through the transferring or linkage effect [ 20 ]. Although the perspective of these theories is explanatory and convincing, most scholars do not generally accept their adequacy. The empirical literature on the nexus between FDI and the environment makes the heterogeneity of opinions more apparent. Empirical studies have produced inconsistent results, with a considerable number of studies indicating a positive relationship and a few indicating a negative impact [ 21 ]. Some studies argue that the nature of the relationship is characterized by nonlinear or inverted U-shaped patterns, supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory. A good portion of this empirical research, primarily from developing countries, accepts the pollution haven theory. For instance, using the quantile model, Chowdhury et al. [ 22 ] accepted the pollution haven hypothesis and argued that FDI positively and significantly impacts the environmental quality of 92 countries. In the same vein, Sabir et al. [ 23 ] used the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to examine the short-run and long-run impact of FDI on the environment in a sample of South Asian countries; the study discovered that FDI increases environmental degradation of the countries. Balsalobre-Lorente et al. [ 24 ] found similar results, stating that FDI improves air quality as multinational corporations bring cleaner and more efficient technology capable of reducing energy consumption. Similarly, empirical outcomes were observed for Udemba [ 25 ] for Turkey, Solarin et al. [ 26 ] for Ghana, and Ahmed et al. [ 27 ] for a sample of Asia–Pacific countries. Shahbaz et al. [ 28 ] examined the impact of FDI, financial development and energy innovations on environmental degradation in France. Using a Fourier ARDL model, the study discovers that FDI deteriorates environmental quality, thereby attesting to the pollution-haven hypothesis. However, a couple of empirical papers support the pollution halo hypothesis. For instance, Tang and Tan [ 17 ] analyzed the relationship between C0 2 emission, energy consumption, FDI and economic growth in Vietnam. The study confirms the existence of the pollution halo hypothesis, i.e., FDI improves environmental quality in Vietnam. Similarly, Al-Mulali and Tang [ 19 ] investigated the validity of the pollution haven hypothesis in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries using Fully Modified OLS. The results suggest that foreign direct investment inflows have a long-run negative relationship with CO 2 emission. Similar empirical outcomes were observed for Kirkulak et al. [ 29 ] and Tamazian and Rao [ 30 ]. Caglar et al. [ 31 ] also examine the impact of economic growth, trade openness, renewable energy, human capital, and competitive industrial performance on the load capacity factor for EU countries. Using the CUP-FM and CUP-BC methodologies that address heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, the study lends credence to the pollution haven hypothesis and argues that economic growth, trade openness, and competitiveness worsen environmental quality. In Turkiye, Yavuz et al. [ 32 ] also discovered that gross domestic product, natural resource rents, and primary energy consumption accelerate environmental degradation using the newly developed Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (A-ARDL) with Fourier term. Some studies support the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis despite the evidence supporting the pollution haven and pollution halo hypotheses. According to these studies, environmental degradation occurs when economic growth occurs (through FDI), and a cleaner environment cannot be attained until FDI reaches an appropriate level. For example, Destek and Okumus [ 33 ] used second-generation panel data analysis on newly industrialized countries. The findings reveal that FDI has a U-shaped relationship with the ecological footprint. Similarly, Sapkota and Bastola [ 34 ] investigated the effect of FDI on pollution emissions in Latin American countries using a fixed-effect model. The study validated the EKC hypothesis. Studies such as Shahbaz et al. [ 28 ] and Doytch and Uctum [ 35 ] also conclude that FDI and environmental quality have an inverted U-shape relationship. Furthermore, some studies have begun to examine the role of intermittent variables on the impact of FDI on the environment. Starting with the study by Caetano et al. [ 36 ] which analyzed how the energy transition mediates the role of FDI in the green economy. The study concludes that energy transition modulates the impact of FDI on the green economy. Qamri et al. [ 37 ] also examined the role of financial development and economic growth on the impact of FDI on the green sector of 21 Asian countries. Using a panel econometric method, the study discovers that economic growth and financial development mediate the positive impact of FDI on the green economy. Padhan and Bhat [ 38 ] examined the link between FDI and the environmental quality of BRICS and NEXT-11 using green innovation as an intermittent variable. Using a Driscoll–Kraay (DK) standard error model, the study reveals that green innovation modulated the negative impact of FDI on the environment, indicating that the presence of green innovation and FDI proves the existence of the pollution halo hypothesis. Ofori et al. [ 39 ] examined how energy efficiency mediates the impact of FDI on inclusive green growth in Africa. Using a dynamic GMM estimator, the study discovers that energy efficiency reduces the deteriorating impact of FDI on inclusive green economic growth. While the literature is replete with unremitting debate on the link between FDI and the green economy, there is limited literature on the role of technological innovation on the impact of FDI on the green economy. This study contributes to the extant literature by (1) examining the impact of FDI on the green economy in OECD countries and (2) investigating the role of technological innovation on the nexus between FDI and the green economy. 3 MethodologyThe study's analysis relies on a dataset comprising 37 OECD countries Footnote 1 spanning the years 1995 to 2021. The countries were chosen based on the availability of data during the study period. The OECD countries are typically regarded as advanced economies characterized by high-income levels, stable institutions, and robust statistical systems. This makes them an ideal representative sample for studying economic, social, and environmental trends in developed nations. While the period under consideration includes various economic cycles—growth, recession, and recovery—and encompasses significant policy changes in areas such as globalization, trade, fiscal policy, and social policy. This provides a valuable context for examining long-term trends and assessing the impact of economic cycles and policy shifts on different variables. The data for green growth, Solar thermal energy, Wind energy, and technological innovation are drawn from the OECD database. The data for globalization is obtained from the KOF Swiss Economic Institute database. The remaining data utilized in the study was obtained from the World Bank's World Development Indicators. Table 1 presents the variables' characteristics in terms of mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum values, while Table 2 illustrates the correlations among the variables. 3.2 Justification of variables3.2.1 dependent variable. Our dependent variable of interest is the green growth proxy by production-based CO 2 productivity, and demand-based CO 2 productivity aligns with SDG indicators for climate action and sustainable consumption and production patterns. Production-based CO 2 productivity is determined by measuring the real GDP generated per unit of CO 2 emitted (expressed in USD/kg). This includes emissions from the combustion of coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels. On the other hand, demand-based CO 2 productivity reflects the CO 2 emissions from energy use throughout the diverse stages of producing goods and services consumed within domestic final demand, regardless of where these production stages occurred. Both measures provide insights into the sustainability and environmental impact of economic growth. Appendices 3 and 4 show the production-based and demand-based CO 2 productivity across the OECD countries. 3.2.2 Independent variablesThe independent variable of the study is foreign direct investment (FDI). Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) involves investment in a business by an entity from another country, facilitating capital flow and technology transfer. FDI can influence green growth positively by introducing sustainable technologies, enhancing environmental standards, and promoting renewable energy [ 2 , 3 ]. Additionally, it can stimulate economic development, leading to increased demand for green products and services. However, without proper regulations, FDI might also exacerbate environmental degradation due to relaxed environmental standards or exploitation of natural resources. Figure 1 presents the trend of FDI, while Fig. 2 presents a correlation analysis between FDI and green growth proxy by production-based CO 2 productivity (PP) and demand-based CO 2 productivity (DP) in the OECD countries. The correlation analysis serves as preliminary findings on the nature of the relationship between FDI and green growth. The scatter plot indicates a positive effect of FDI on production-based CO 2 productivity (PP) and demand-based CO 2 productivity. The findings on the nature of this relationship are further experimented with using the instrumental quantile regression that accounts for initial levels of FDI and also addresses potential endogeneity. Source: Authors’ computation from WDI database The trend of FDI in the OECD countries. Source: Authors’ computation The correlation between FDI and green growth. 3.2.3 The moderating variableThe moderating variable of the study is technological innovation to assess progress toward SDG 9. Technological innovation refers to the development of new or improved technologies, processes, or products that enhance efficiency, productivity, or functionality [ 13 , 40 ]. In the context of green growth, technological innovation plays a pivotal role by enabling the creation of sustainable solutions. Advancements in green technology, waste management, and resource-efficient technologies mitigate environmental impact, reduce carbon emissions, and promote eco-friendly practices [ 41 , 42 ]. Such innovations drive economic growth while preserving natural resources, fostering a greener and more sustainable future. The study uses patents as a proxy for technological innovation. Figure 3 shows the evolution of technology innovation in the OECD countries. Source: Authors’ computation from the OECD database The trend of technology innovation in the OECD countries. 3.2.4 Control variablesThe selection of the control variables is based on the environmental sustainability literature. First, GDP per capita, a measure of economic output per person, affects environmental sustainability from its reliance on resource consumption and production. High GDP often correlates with increased resource extraction, energy use, and waste generation, contributing to environmental degradation and climate change [ 5 ]. Second, renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) promotes environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, mitigating air and water pollution, and minimizing dependence on finite fossil fuel resources. It contributes to climate change mitigation and fosters a transition towards cleaner, more sustainable energy systems, thereby preserving ecosystems and enhancing the planet's health. Third, globalisation impacts the green economy through increased trade and industrialisation, leading to resource depletion, pollution, and unequal distribution of environmental burdens and benefits, necessitating comprehensive global and local action [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Fourth, urbanization, indicated by the urban population as a percentage of the total population impacts green growth by intensifying resource consumption, pollution, and habitat fragmentation [ 46 , 47 ]. Increased infrastructure development often leads to land degradation and loss of biodiversity. However, well-planned urbanization can promote sustainability by fostering compact, efficient cities with green spaces, public transportation, and renewable energy integration. 3.3 Theoretical and estimation strategyThe theoretical foundation of this paper is grounded in the pollution halo and pollution haven hypotheses (see Brian et al. [ 14 ]; Tang and Tan [ 17 ]; Al-Mulali and Tang [ 19 ]), as well as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) framework [ 47 , 48 , 49 ]. The EKC hypothesis postulates an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth. Initially, economic growth leads to increased environmental degradation, but after reaching a certain level of income per capita, the trend reverses, leading to environmental improvements. This theory provides a foundational framework for examining of how economic activities, including FDI, impact environmental outcomes at different stages of development. On the other hand, the STIRPAT framework extends the IPAT model (Impact = Population × Affluence × Technology) by incorporating stochastic elements to analyze the impacts of human activities on the environment. The framework allows for the inclusion of multiple variables and their interactions, making it suitable for complex econometrics. The empirical rigor of this paper is evident from the outset, starting with the specification of models to test the relationships between FDI, technological innovation, and green growth. First, we establish a baseline model to explore the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and examine the impact of control variables on green growth. Finally, adhering to the STIRPAT framework, which accommodates multiple variables and their interactions, we introduce an interaction term to assess how FDI and technological innovation jointly influence green growth. The models are specified as follows: The baseline model is specified in ( 3 ) as: To capture the joint effect of FDI and technology innovation, Eq. ( 3 ) is modified to obtained ( 4 ) where i and t represent individual countries and time periods respectively, GG signifies green growth, GDP denotes GDP per capita and it squared, FDI represents foreign direct investment as a percentage of GDP, tech signifies technology innovation, TC indicates the transmission channel through which the effect of FDI on green growth is modulated, with its estimated coefficient denoted by \({\pi }_{i}\) . The TC variable summarises (FDI*tech), \(K\) represents control variables which are renewable energy consumption, globalization, urbanization along with their corresponding estimated coefficients ( \({{\varvec{\delta}}}_{{\varvec{h}}})\) , ε representing the error term. 3.4 Estimation techniqueThe study utilizes a smoothed instrumental-variables quantile regression (SIVQR) approach to address potential endogeneity concerns. This methodology is of significant importance in assessing the influence of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the distribution of green growth. By analyzing distinct quantile levels within the conditional distribution, the quantile regression method facilitates the identification of countries characterized by varying degrees of green growth, thereby classifying them into low, intermediate, and high levels. The merit of this method, as highlighted by Wirajing et al. [ 50 ], lies in its capacity to elucidate the initial levels of the exogenous variable. Unlike ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, which frequently yields oversimplified and broadly generalized policy suggestions, instrumental quantile regression identifies precise quantiles where independent variables notably impact the dependent variable. This contrasts OLS, which depends on mean values and may result in broad policy implications. Moreover, the instrumented quantile strategy aims to minimize absolute deviations across various quantile estimates, offering insights that hinge on the prevailing levels of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) impact on green growth. This methodology diverges from Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), which prioritizes the reduction of the sum of squared residuals. In response to the shortcomings of OLS, quantile regression is being tailored by addressing the maximization problem outlined in Eq. 5 . where \(\theta\) represents different quantile levels at the conditional distribution of the outcome variable, which belongs to {0, 1}. \(\theta\) can take 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 0.90. The conditional quantile of green growth is presented in Eq. 6 by weighing the residuals. Equation 6 introduces y, which symbolizes green growth proxy by production-based CO 2 productivity and demand-based CO 2 productivity. To address potential endogeneity issues with FDI and other control variables in the quantile model, we instrument production-based CO 2 productivity and demand-based CO 2 productivity by utilizing lag values of FDI, while also instrumenting all control variables across quantile levels ranging from the lower (10th and 25th) to the upper (75th and 90th) quantiles. To optimize computational efficiency and statistical accuracy, this study employs the sivqr quantile instrumentation, integrating the smoothed estimator introduced by Kaplan and Sun [ 51 ]. Standard errors are computed using the Bayesian bootstrap method, employing a selection of 100 at all quantile levels, and are compatible with bootstrap prefixes, thereby ensuring the robustness and reliability of findings. However, it's important to note that quantile regression encounters challenges in addressing cross-sectional dependence, which necessitates supplementation with the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) strategy. 4 GMM specificationThe study additionally employs the system GMM strategy to analyze the indirect effects. Specifically, it examines how technological innovation serves as a pathway through which FDI impacts green growth, moderating the relationship. By employing the GMM strategy, the study offers flexibility in modelling complex relationships, accommodates various types of data, and allows for robust statistical inference. It addresses potential endogeneity issues and tackles problems associated with unobserved heterogeneity, such as time-invariant omitted variables and concerns regarding reverse causality. System GMM was chosen to yield results with a net effect for policy recommendation, which applies to all OECD countries, a feature not easily accommodated by quantile regression. This strategy generates efficient estimates under specific conditions. The primary condition for adopting the GMM is met in our study, as it deals with 37 OECD countries over 26 years from 1995 to 2021, where the number of cross-sections exceeds the time series [ 52 ]. Additionally, the study satisfies the requirement for employing the GMM in panel data analysis. The two-step system GMM strategy adopted in the study is summarised in the first difference ( 6 ) as follows: K signifies the vector of control variables. µ i represents the country-specific effect, γ t indicates the time-specific constant term, represents the error term and τ the lagging coefficient. Additionally, to prevent generic policy recommendations, we calculate the net effect of the modulating variable by utilizing the coefficients of both the direct and indirect effects, as outlined in Eq. 8 . Ω denotes the average policy-modulating variable. The computation of the net effect is performed exclusively when β 1 and π 1 are both significant and demonstrate opposing signs. 5 Results and discussionsIn this section, we delve into the findings of the study and offer a comprehensive analysis. To ensure clarity, the results are categorized into four sub-sections: Firstly, we present the fundamental findings derived from the baseline analysis. Secondly, we present the estimates from the quantile instrumental test results, accompanied by quantile regression plots provided in Appendix 1 and 2. Thirdly, we provided robustness checks by considering time variation and renewable energy by sources. Lastly, we discuss the results concerning the transmission effect and the determination of modulating thresholds obtained from the Two-Step System GMM estimates. 5.1 The Baseline resultsThe baseline results presented in Table 3 stem from the ordinary least squares model (OLS). These results reveal that FDI, GDP, renewable energy, and globalization exhibit positive correlations with both production-based CO 2 productivity and demand-based CO 2 productivity. Conversely, technological innovation and urbanization demonstrate negative effects. The study refrains from relying on the results of the OLS estimates for its conclusive remarks due to its failure to address issues of endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity. In lieu of this, the present study opts for instrumental quantile regression as a more robust approach, the findings of which are outlined in Sect. 4.2 . 5.2 The instrumental quantile regression estimatesThe quantile approach illustrates the estimated impact of FDI on green growth. These findings, derived from the quantile regression approach, are detailed in Table 4 of the study. The table showcases the results of instrumented quantile regression estimates at various quantiles, including the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles. Quantile regressions are widely adopted in both contemporary and non-contemporary literature as a robust regression technique, enabling a more typical assumption of normality for the residual term [ 50 , 53 ]. Even after addressing the issue of endogeneity in the OLS results, the discovery of the exclusive positive impact of FDI on production-based CO 2 productivity and demand-based CO 2 productivity remains consistent with the findings of the OLS analysis. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) often leads to increased industrialization and economic activity, contributing to higher CO 2 emissions. Production-based CO 2 productivity decreases as FDI boosts manufacturing output, intensifying emissions. Similarly, demand-based CO 2 productivity declines as FDI drives consumption, heightening energy use and emissions. Consequently, the correlation between FDI and production-based and demand-based CO2 productivity tends to be positive due to the environmental implications of the heightened economic activity facilitated by FDI. These findings are in line with Tukhtamurodov et al. [ 15 ], Salahuddin et al. [ 54 ], and Zhang and Zhou [ 10 ], who argued that FDI often introduces technologies or production methods that are environmentally unfriendly or energy-inefficient, thus worsening the green growth. Moreover, the result indicates that GDP increases production-based CO2 productivity- and demand-based CO 2 productivity among the selected OECD countries. As a measure of economic output, GDP often incentivizes consumption and production without regard for environmental consequences. This hinders green growth, which aims for economic development while preserving the environment. GDP-driven policies prioritize short-term gains over long-term sustainability, leading to overexploitation of natural resources, pollution, and ecosystem degradation. Additionally, GDP fails to account for negative externalities such as carbon emissions and habitat destruction, undervaluing the true cost of economic activities. Consequently, investments in environmentally harmful industries might appear beneficial for GDP growth despite their adverse effects on the planet. On the other hand, the GDP squared has a favourable effect on green growth, albeit not significant for demand-based CO 2 productivity, possibly reflecting heightened awareness of environmental concerns leading to policies advocating sustainability and the reduction of CO 2 emissions as a byproduct of economic progress. These findings align with the Environmental Kuznets Curve literature, which suggests that economic activities often escalate energy consumption in early growth stages, primarily from fossil fuels and major CO 2 emission sources. Conversely, in later stages, maturing economies tend to embrace cleaner technologies, renewable energy sources, and enhanced production methods [ 7 , 8 ]. Furthermore, the results indicate that renewable energy exacerbates production- and demand-based CO 2 productivity in OECD countries. This may stem from the energy-intensive processes involved in renewable infrastructure production and maintenance and the intermittent nature of some renewables, necessitating backup systems that can increase CO 2 emissions. Additionally, manufacturing renewable infrastructure involves energy-intensive processes, contributing to CO 2 emissions. Also, globalization unfavourably impacts green growth by amplifying production-based and demand-based CO 2 productivity through increased trade, transportation, and industrial activities. Meeting global demand results in heightened energy consumption, primarily from fossil fuels. Outsourcing manufacturing to regions with lax environmental regulations further escalates emissions, worsening the global climate crisis. This aligns with Kirikkaleli and Addai's [ 55 ] findings, highlighting how globalization, prioritizing profit over environmental concerns, drives up resource extraction, production-based, and demand-based CO 2 productivity through expansive trade networks. The results further demonstrate that technological innovation fosters green growth. Specifically, within the OECD sub-region, technological advancements enhance environmental sustainability by improving efficiency, conserving resources, and reducing pollution. These innovations diminish reliance on fossil fuels, thereby curbing greenhouse gas emissions. Smart grid technologies optimize energy distribution, minimizing wastage, while advancements in waste management, such as recycling and composting, reduce landfill usage. Moreover, innovations in transportation, including electric vehicles and efficient logistics, contribute to carbon emission reductions. Indeed, studies by Suki et al. [ 56 ], Nosheen et al. [ 57 ], and Mensah et al. [ 58 ] affirm that technological innovation cultivates a more sustainable balance between human activities and the environment. Finally, the findings also reveal that urbanization has a negative and significant effect on both production-based and demand-based CO 2 productivity in the OECD countries. This indicates that urbanization contributes to green growth by fostering denser living arrangements, thereby decreasing per capita resource consumption and carbon emissions. Compact cities promote public transportation and shared infrastructure, mitigating urban sprawl and conserving natural habitats. Moreover, centralized services enhance efficiency in waste management and energy distribution, promoting a more environmentally sustainable urban environment. 5.3 Sensitivity checkThis section validates the findings by examining potential sources of bias, bolstering the study's credibility, and confirming the generalisability and consistency of the analytical approach. It incorporates assessments of time variances and renewable energy sources to ensure the consistency of the results. 5.3.1 Does time matter in green growth and the FDI relationship?Different time periods affect green growth due to evolving societal attitudes, technological advancements, and policy frameworks. In the early days, limited awareness of environmental issues led to unsustainable practices. Industrial revolutions accelerated resource exploitation, causing environmental degradation. However, with the emergence of environmental movements in the mid-twentieth century, awareness grew, prompting the adoption of conservation measures and early environmental regulations. As we progressed into the twenty-first century, concerns about climate change intensified, leading to increased emphasis on sustainable practices and green technologies. Today, with a greater understanding of the urgency to address climate change, there's a global push for green growth. Policies supporting green technologies, circular economies, and sustainable development goals shape contemporary approaches. Therefore, the trajectory of green growth is shaped by the socio-economic context and the level of commitment to sustainable practices across different time periods. Tables 5 and 6 present the effect of FDI on production-based and demand-based CO 2 productivity accounting for different time periods. However, the results generally align with the baseline, although with minor exceptions; for example, GDP's negative impact on demand-based CO 2 productivity in the first quantile across different periods, albeit statistically insignificant. 5.3.2 Robustness checks accounting for renewable energy by sourcesRenewable energy sources such as solar and wind power exhibit availability and technological application variability, uniquely affecting their contributions to sustainable development and green growth. Solar thermal energy capitalizes on sunlight to produce heat or electricity, diminishing dependence on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Conversely, wind energy employs turbines to generate electricity, reducing carbon emissions. However, wind energy's effectiveness relies on wind availability, whereas solar thermal energy can offer more consistency in specific regions. Both technologies are pivotal in broadening the spectrum of renewable energy sources and advancing sustainable development goals. This study's choice of solar thermal and wind energy is predicated on data availability for the covered time period. Tables 7 and 8 unveil the impact of FDI on production-based and demand-based CO 2 productivity while considering renewable energy sources, specifically solar thermal and wind energy. After accounting for the difference in renewable energy to check the consistency of our result, we observed that the result remained unchanged. Upon examining the control variables, we observe minimal alterations. For instance, urbanization positively impacts production-based CO 2 productivity, although this effect is deemed insignificant. Additionally, globalization negatively influences demand-based CO 2 productivity in the last two quantiles. 5.4 Indirect effect resultThe indirect effect analysis investigates the moderating role of technology innovation on the effect of FDI on green growth within the OECD member state. The indirect effect results have been conducted to examine whether the quest technology advancement enables FDI recipients to adopt cleaner production methods, reduce resource consumption, and minimize environmental impacts. Investments in environmental technology, smart grids, and sustainable infrastructure can be facilitated through technological advancements, promoting green growth [ 57 , 58 ]. Additionally, innovations in waste management, water purification, and pollution control help mitigate negative externalities associated with FDI. Through technology, FDI can catalyze the development and deployment of environmentally friendly solutions, fostering a more sustainable and resilient economy [ 9 , 12 , 13 ]. This synergy between technology innovation and FDI contributes to achieving long-term environmental objectives while stimulating economic growth. The introduction of the indirect effect guides us towards avoiding broad policy approaches. It offers a framework for devising strategies to enhance green growth within the OCED countries with inadequate environmental management. In this section of the study, the Two-Step System GMM strategy is employed to determine a consolidated net effect of FDI interaction with tech-innovation in the OECD sub-region to easy policy orientation. By utilizing the GMM strategy, the study ensures that the findings are unaffected by endogeneity, cross-sections, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity, as suggested by Wirajing et al. [ 50 ]. The outcomes of the system GMM analysis are presented in Table 9 . The findings suggest that FDI exerts a notable and positive influence on production—and demand-based CO 2 productivity, aligning with the core findings. Upon interaction with technological innovation, we discern a positive impact on production-based CO 2 productivity but a negative impact on demand-based CO 2 productivity. This suggests that technological innovation can moderate the influence of FDI on demand-based CO 2 productivity. This finding supports the role of innovation in achieving SDG 9 and underscores the importance of fostering collaborative partnerships between foreign investors and local innovators (SDG 17). Technological advancements within OECD countries often attract FDI due to their growth potential and profitability. This prioritizes efficiency enhancements over environmental sustainability, consequently boosting production-based CO 2 productivity. Conversely, the synergy between technological innovation and FDI fosters the advancement of cleaner technologies and energy-efficient processes. This leads to a decline in demand-based CO 2 productivity, stemming from reduced energy consumption across various stages of goods and services production consumed domestically, regardless of the production locations. 5.5 Conclusion and policy implicationThe Sustainable Development Goals advocate for advancing green growth, which entails fostering economic prosperity while safeguarding the environment. Central to this agenda are the principles of sustainable consumption, production, and energy utilization aimed at addressing climate change and preserving ecosystems. This study examines the moderating influence of technological innovation on the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and green growth within OECD member states. Our examination focuses on two dimensions of green growth: production-based CO 2 productivity and demand-based CO 2 productivity. Employing the EKC and STIRPAT frameworks, we analyze data from 1995 to 2021 across 37 OECD countries. Methodologically, our empirical approach involves employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), instrumental quantile, and System GMM methodologies. The results indicate that FDI hinders green growth, while technological innovation is pivotal in enhancing it. This dynamic holds across various periods and renewable energy sources. Moreover, our study reveals that FDI, in conjunction with technological innovation, leads to an increase in production-based CO 2 productivity but a decrease in demand-based CO 2 productivity. Additionally, we observe the presence of an environmental Kuznets curve for production-based CO 2 productivity. Adding to significant scientific value by demonstrating how technological innovation moderates FDI's impact on green growth in OECD countries, we propose the implementation of a policy framework aimed at fostering domestic technological innovation while prudently managing foreign direct investment (FDI) to support sustainable growth. Also, policy frameworks should prioritize investments in research and development, creating an enabling environment for innovation and the advancement of sustainable technologies. Encouraging collaborative ventures between foreign investors and local innovators can also harness global expertise while furthering green objectives. Concurrently, policies should stimulate demand for environmentally friendly products and services to bolster demand-based CO 2 productivity. Moreover, investing in research and development (R&D) for green technologies is crucial. Lastly, integrating green criteria into FDI agreements and providing tax incentives for eco-friendly innovations will harmonize FDI with environmental goals. 5.6 Limitations and future recommendationsThis study offers valuable insights into the interplay between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), technological innovation, and green growth in OECD countries. However, several limitations stem from the design and methodology constraints, which may impact the interpretation of our findings: First, the dataset covers 37 OECD countries over 26 years (1995–2021). While comprehensive, this temporal and spatial scope may not capture all relevant fluctuations and anomalies, especially short-term economic shocks or policy changes that could influence FDI and green growth dynamics. Second, using proxies, such as patents for technological innovation and production-based and demand-based CO2 productivity for green growth, introduces potential measurement errors. These proxies may not fully encapsulate the multi-faceted nature of technological innovation and environmental sustainability. Third, the focus on OECD countries, typically advanced economies, limits the generalizability of the findings to developing countries with different economic structures, regulatory frameworks, and technological capabilities. Also, the methodologies employed, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), smoothed instrumental-variables quantile regression (SIVQR), and System GMM, each have inherent limitations. For instance, OLS may not adequately address endogeneity issues, while SIVQR and System GMM require strong assumptions about the instruments and error distributions, which might not hold in all cases. Finally, technological innovation is a broad concept, and this study's focus on patents may overlook other forms of innovation, such as process improvements, managerial practices, and informal knowledge transfers that also significantly impact green growth. Building on the findings and addressing the aforementioned limitations, the following recommendations are proposed for future research: Future studies should incorporate a more extensive dataset, including non-OECD countries, to enhance the generalizability of the findings. Including data from emerging and developing economies could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the FDI-green growth nexus across different economic contexts. Moreover, employing alternative or supplementary measures for technological innovation, such as R&D expenditures, innovation indices, and qualitative assessments of technological capabilities, can provide a more nuanced understanding of its impact on green growth. Also, utilizing advanced econometric techniques that better handle endogeneity, non-linearity, and dynamic relationships, such as panel vector autoregression (PVAR) and machine learning approaches, can provide more robust insights. These methods can also help uncover complex interactions and causal relationships. In addition, conducting in-depth case studies and sector-specific analyses can reveal contextual nuances and sectoral variations in the FDI-green growth relationship. This approach can identify best practices and policy interventions tailored to specific industries or regions. Lastly, integrating insights from other disciplines, such as political science, sociology, and environmental science, can enrich the analysis by considering broader socio-political and ecological dimensions influencing the FDI-green growth nexus. 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Stud Econ Econ. 2023;47(1):23–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/03796205.2023.2185807 . Chen X, Gong X, Li D, Zhang J. Can information and communication technology reduce CO2 emission? A quantile regression analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2019;26(32):32977–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06380-8 . Salahuddin M, Alam K, Ozturk I, Sohag K. The effects of electricity consumption, economic growth, financial development and foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions in Kuwait. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2018;81:2002–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.009 . Kirikkaleli D, Addai K. The asymmetric and long-run effect of demand-based CO 2 emissions productivity on production-based CO 2 emissions in the UK. Energy & Environment. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X231204958 . Mohd Suki N, Mohd Suki N, Afshan S, Sharif A, Ariff Kasim M, Rosmaini Mohd Hanafi S. How does green technology innovation affect green growth in ASEAN-6 countries? Evidence from advance panel estimations. Gondwana Res. 2022;111:165–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.06.019 . Nosheen M, Iqbal J, Abbasi MA. Do technological innovations promote green growth in the European Union? Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2021;28(17):21717–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11926-2 . Mensah CN, et al. Technological innovation and green growth in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development economies. J Clean Prod. 2019;240: 118204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118204 . Download references No known competing financial interests. Author informationAuthors and affiliations. School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Germain Stephane Ketchoua, Sodiq Arogundade & Biyase Mduduzi You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar ContributionsGSK prepared the analysis, interpretation and data curation. SA prepared the literature review, and BM prepared the introduction, editing and supervision of the manuscript. Corresponding authorCorrespondence to Sodiq Arogundade . Ethics declarationsConflict of interests. The authors declare no competing interests. Additional informationPublisher's note. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 1.1 Appendix 1: The quantile plot on the determinants of production-based CO 2 productivity1.2 Appendix 2: The quantile plot on the determinants of demand-based CO 2 productivity1.3 Appendix 3. Production-based CO 2 productivity across the OECD countries. Source: Author’s computation from OECD database1.4 Appendix 4. Demand-based CO 2 productivity across the OECD countries. Source: Author’s computation from OECD databaseRights and permissionsOpen Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Reprints and permissions About this articleKetchoua, G.S., Arogundade, S. & Mduduzi, B. Revaluating the Sustainable Development Thesis: exploring the moderating influence of Technological Innovation on the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Green Growth in the OECD Countries. Discov Sustain 5 , 252 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00433-w Download citation Received : 13 May 2024 Accepted : 20 August 2024 Published : 10 September 2024 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00433-w Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
Thesis Order Form 2024DB Bookbinders specializes in binding student work, equipped with the tools, staff, and experience to create the perfect thesis or folio. Many students believe printing and attaching a cover is all it takes to complete their work, but in most cases, it’s far from the truth and one wrong move can mean reprinting an entire 400-page document or scrapping the entire book. Don’t let the last moment of your thesis or folio design be stressful and painful—come to the experts. Ordering your thesis online from DB Bookbinders is easy and convenient! Simply enter all your thesis information below to get an estimate of the price and complete your order in a few simple steps. Get your thesis printed and bound quickly and efficiently, with no need to leave your home. Enjoy the convenience of online ordering, as well as the confidence that comes with our 5 star professional thesis printing and binding service. Place an order using the form below to begin. Place an order" * " indicates required fields What is your Thesis title?Border OptionsFoil FlourishesBuckram flourishes. Thesis PDF UploadDescription, additional information.
Binding Students work is the bread and butter of DB Bookbinders, which means we are set up with the tools, staff and experience to make your thesis or folio properly. So many students think that the last and easiest part of the completion of their work is just printing out and sticking a cover on it. But in most cases, that is far from the truth. And, after having probably sold the farm, doubled up the mortgage and sold off a kidney to get this far, the last thing you need to worry about is having to reprint a 400 page document or scrap the whole book because of some poorly constructed binding that won’t pass the scrutinizing eyes of the Lecturers and /or examinations office, much less do all of your hard work the just it deserves. Avoid making the last moment of your thesis or design folio be stressful and painful, come to the experts. We offer international shipping, so customers all over the world can enjoy our high quality thesis printing and thesis binding services. Including the United Kingdom , the United States , Canada, Australia , Ireland, New Zealand , South Africa, India, Singapore, and the Philippines. Learn more about Thesis and Dissertation binding on our Thesis FAQ page or place an order using the form above. 44 reviews for Thesis Order Form 2024Kayleen Morton Chappell (store manager) – October 8, 2019 Hi Team DB Bookbinders, I would most sincerely love to thank you once again for producing such a fantastic result and helping us as a family save this bible. Now it can continue to be passed down through our family in much better condition that I received it in. Rachel (verified owner) – November 26, 2019 I was happy with the quality of the product Christine J. (verified owner) – February 7, 2020 Fantastic, efficient, professional service. Had an extremely tight time frame and DB Bookbinders delivered. Absolutely would recommend their business. Rebekah Duffin (verified owner) – March 30, 2020 Beautifully done! Jared Castle (verified owner) – April 26, 2020 I had many questions and Jeremy assisted me throughout the process smoothly. Very impressed with the quality of the print and Buckram binding. Bronwyn Wilson (verified owner) – May 4, 2020 All I could say was WOW when I first saw the end product. Jeremy went above and beyond, especially in these difficult times, to give me printed versions of my thesis to be proud of. I couldn’t be happier with the service and the quality of my thesis. Well done! Jeremy Dart (store manager) – May 5, 2020 Thank you for the very kind review Bronwyn! Chris W. (verified owner) – July 23, 2020 Excellent and high quality service. Extremely satisfied! Jeremy Dart (store manager) – October 22, 2020 Fantastic Chris! It was a privilege dealing with you and binding your thesis! Christopher Morris (verified owner) – August 24, 2020 Professional Service Thanks Chris, thanks for the privilege of printing and binding your thesis Rose B. (verified owner) – September 23, 2020 DB Bookbinders provided excellent customer service and made the process so easy. Pick up and delivery of my thesis and frequent updates on the process and overall wonderful experience! Thanks so much 🙂 Thanks for the kind words Rose! Really appreciate your feedback on the experience of binding your thesis with us! marina keenan (verified owner) – October 27, 2020 To the staff of DB Bookbinders,I have just received my bound thesis. I can’t thank you enough, it looks superb, the presentation is spot on. I am grateful and appreciate the workmanship that is obvious in the finished product. I am so pleased. I will recommend your services to others, Thank you again ( and for the chocolates too, thank you for supporting local business) With kind regards, One very happy customer, Marina Keenan Jeremy Dart (store manager) – November 15, 2020 thanks for the wonderful feedback about your thesis binding. I really loved the colour combination of the green buckram and the marbled endpapers. Great Choice! marina k. (verified owner) – December 3, 2020 Exceptional service, exceptional results, thank you Anneke V. (verified owner) – December 23, 2020 Beautiful work – the thesis looked fantastic! Sampath Edirisinghe (verified owner) – February 18, 2021 Really nice job! Jason (verified owner) – February 28, 2021 End result looks great and good getting updates on the progress. Only slight downside was how long it took but no big deal and it’s not the quickest process printing and binding a book. Thanks. Isaac (verified owner) – March 13, 2021 When I first walked into DB Bookbinders factory, it felt as if I was stepping back in time to a place where bookbinding is treated as a craft and where attention to detail prevails. Combined with the ease that the website and online uploading programme offers, I could not be happier with the overall experience and final result. To Jeremy and the team, thank you. Annalise (verified owner) – April 4, 2021 100% worth it! My thesis (the fancy and the plain versions) looked amazing! The paper feels lovely and they are exactly as I imagined. Great way to celebrate the completion of a PhD. Michael Rollo (verified owner) – April 20, 2021 very responsive personal service Brooke (verified owner) – May 11, 2021 Amazing quality of work! I am thrilled with the cover and embellishing, and it is everything I was hoping for. Highly recommended for those looking to create a well-designed printed version of your thesis to keep for a lifetime. Jeremy Dart (store manager) – May 31, 2021 I’m so pleased you like our work Brooke! We love creating something really special for all the hard work you have done to complete your thesis! Anonymous (verified owner) – May 28, 2021 Great quality in the end product. Staff were very friendly, responsive and helpful Thanks for this feedback! Our Thesis Bulk Order Form really serves its purpose! twijeratne – June 29, 2021 easy to navigate Julia (verified owner) – July 27, 2021 Very happy with the print quality and the binding! I wish I were paying more attention to the page number location… Anonymous (verified owner) – September 18, 2021 I am very happy with the end product. Excellent job:) Mark D. (verified owner) – September 20, 2021 Could not be happier. Was somewhat nervous ordering on-line but when the bound thesis was received it was such a wonderful moment and so so pleased that I get it done. The quality was second to none. Jeremy Dart (store manager) – October 8, 2021 Thanks for the feedback Mark. I’m so pleased we were able to provide such a great experience! Joanne (verified owner) – September 20, 2021 Very happy with my purchase and order from DB bookbinders, professional finish and attention to detail that has followed my order was wonder. Very impressed with the end product I received. Roman L. (verified owner) – October 6, 2021 I was very happy with the three copies of my thesis that were printed and bound. Everything was of very high quality. The only slight issue was that the debossed border was a bit faded in the corners of the Genuine Leather copy but I believe that is to be expected as the leather is quite soft. There was very good communication throughout the whole process and an issue with the delivery was solved very quickly by Jeremy. Overall, I am very happy with the experience and product! Thanks so much for your kinds words Roman. We think your Genuine leather thesis turned out great, so glad you do too! Anonymous (verified owner) – December 17, 2021 Excellent work, exactly how I wanted it, the entire process went smoothly, regular updates are great, keep up the good work! DR. Michael Maccheroni (verified owner) – December 24, 2021 Very professional result, high quality, produced promptly. Jeremy (verified owner) – December 28, 2021 Great service. When there was a miscommunication between us they were very accommodating. Anonymous (verified owner) – February 10, 2022 Looks beautiful. I can’t wait to give it to my husband! Christine Mair (verified owner) – March 4, 2022 I am so pleased with the five printed books of my thesis. They look absolutely perfect and extremely professional. I would not hesitate to recommend DB Bookbinders. Well done! Nathaniel Bawden (verified owner) – March 7, 2022 I am extremely happy with my printed thesis. The paper quality is excellent and both the buckram and bonded leather covers are fantastic. Thank you for being so obliging about the mix up with the covers. I would highly recommend your services to others. Leslie Taylor (verified owner) – June 15, 2022 On two occasions I called DB as I wasn’t sure which choice to make. They answered calls quickly and explained the options in detail. Once the order was placed they kept me aware of key developments and they finished the work well within the planned timeframe. The bound thesis is fantastic and is tangible evidence that my efforts to produce it were worthwhile. I would recommend DB Bookbinding to anyone! Shaun Hegarty (verified owner) – July 27, 2022 website a little clumsy Jessica (verified owner) – August 1, 2022 I ordered this on 2 June as a gift for a birthday on 2 July but am still yet to receive the item (today is 1 August). I missed the delivery of the item . The courier service used by DB Bookbinders left a slip in my mail box without a pick up address or contact number. Tracking indicated that it was at ‘Aramax Perth depot’. This is 5km from my home and when I arrived I learnt it is a vacant lot. After several phone calls, the team at DB were somewhat helpful in trying to locate the package – giving me two possible places where Aramax may deliver packages to and provided phone numbers which I had to call. I haven’t heard from them since my last email indicating I could not find the package. Ultimately, DB needs to take responsibility for their choice of courier when a customer is unable to locate their package – it was incredibly inconvenient to go searching for it – and I hope to be refunded in the very near future. Barbara M. (verified owner) – August 6, 2022 From the moment I started the order process to the safe delivery of the thesis I could not have been happier. I was kept informed of the progress of the binding which was quite thrilling. The quality of this work is second to none. Thank you DB Bookbinders. Yuhang s. (verified owner) – August 13, 2022 Riley Scott (verified owner) – August 15, 2022 The thesis looks amazing! The quality is great. It’s really so exciting to see it all together in a bound book. I will definitely recommend DB Bookbinders to friends and colleagues! Linda J. (verified owner) – September 22, 2022 very happy with all aspects of the service. Thank you Shayan Quinlan (verified owner) – September 26, 2022 A thesis nowadays need only be digital, but there is something so special about holding a beautifully printed and bound entire body of work representing years of input in your hands. DB Bookbinders did an excellent job, as well as rapid production and delivery. An all round excellent experience. I would strongly recommend them for your work Loukas K. (verified owner) – September 29, 2022 DB Bookbinders did a great job printing and binding my thesis. There was an issue with the ordering form’s file upload but easily solved via email. Thank you! Ryan W. (verified owner) – October 16, 2022 Amazing finished product. Great service along the way and very professional. Highly recommended!! Declan F. (verified owner) – November 8, 2022 Beautifully finished! Dige (verified owner) – April 6, 2023 Excellent work and great service. Highly recommended! Your email address will not be published. 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This is the binding style that graduate students need in order to meet the requirements for a Doctorate at Princeton University. It is also attractive enough for presentation to advisors or undergraduate thesis submissions. Books up to ½-inch thick are made with a square (unrounded) spine. We round and back the spine for sizes above ½ an inch.
Mail-In your paper document for Binding Only. We can print your document from a PDF file (see sidebar), or you can mail your already printed document for Hard Cover Binding. Simply click your Hard Cover binding style above and follow the instructions. You will be prompted to print your order form. You'll then pack it with your documents and ...
Our value pricing for hard cover thesis binding is $55 per book. Includes hard cover, we use imitation leather. Choose from many colors, including black, navy, medium blue, brown, green and burgundy. With gold or silver foil stamping on spine and front cover. Soft Cover Value Pricing Our value pricing for soft cover thesis binding is $40 per book.
Thesis Order Form 2024. With over 30 years of experience, we specialise in providing high-quality thesis and dissertation binding services for universities and colleges in the United States. Our experienced team of binders can craft beautiful, professional-grade bindings for your thesis or dissertation. With our easy online thesis uploading ...
Go to our dissertation binding form to place your order. Servicing students and professionals from the largest universities in the United States! We are experts in professional binding and would love to assist with your thesis or dissertation binding today. Call today on +1 347 735 9992 or place an order online.
Submitting a Paper document of your Thesis or Dissertation requires you to. (1) Print your document on the paper of your choice. (2) Fill out the Quote/Order form on this site for the type of Hardcover binding you want. (3) Specify the exact lettering you want on the cover. (4) Specify the exact lettering you want on the spine.
Since 1952, Smith-Shattuck Bookbinding has been binding theses and dissertations. Over time our traditional methods have continued to adapt to new materials and techniques that become available. The result is archival books produced from the highest quality acid-free materials. Each book is machine oversewn with unbleached cotton thread and ...
Thesis binding and printing. How to choose the right style for your thesis! There are a few things to consider when choosing how to print and bind your thesis or dissertation. ... Blue, black, red, green: Blue, red, green, gray, black, yellow, white: Customizable: Blue, red, green, gray, black, yellow, white: Upgrades - Corner protectors ...
Betty Green . 26. March, 2023. ... DB Bookbinders did a great job printing and binding my thesis. There was an issue with the ordering form's file upload but easily solved via email. Thank you! Shayan Quinlan. Verified owner. September 26, 2022. Rated 5 out of 5. Thesis Order Form 2024.
Book1One will give your thesis or dissertation the professional look it deserves. If you are looking for a world class company to print and bind your thesis or dissertation, you will find that Book1One will give your document the high quality attention it requires and deserves. Graduate students from all over the country have used our services ...
The binding itself is bound the highest standard, and glued for maximum durability. With thick 3mm boards offering a rigid finish, and solid feel, combined with the spine curvature for ease of opening. This binding is most commonly used for final thesis submission, and for personal copies. Order Hard Bound.
Dissertation binding service, we bind dissertations and thesis from the University of Michigan, Wayne State University and many others. home Dissertations Print on demand Book Repair Leather books About ... This is a hand-sewn book with a hard-cover in dark green buckram. The author, degree and year are stamped in gold on the spine as in the ...
To have your dissertation printed and bound, you can either go to a copy shop or simply order your dissertation binding online. Both have their advantages and disadvantages. One advantage of the print shop is that you can conveniently place your order from home. You configure your binding and then look at the end product using our 3D live preview.
The suitability of each dissertation printing and binding configuration depends on the academic work you're submitting. A bachelor's thesis you've spent half a year researching and writing deserves a better binding than the essay you wrote during an all-nighter. The chosen binding should reflect your hard work.
We can print your document from a PDF file (see sidebar), or you can mail your already printed document for Hard Cover Binding only. Simply click your Hard Cover binding style above and follow the instructions. You will be prompted to print your order form. You'll then pack it with your documents and ship us the package.
Bottle green Royal blue Mid blue Azure Aqua Navy Purple. Price includes one line of spine lettering: name - degree - year and short title. 1 book $95 2-4 books $75 5 or more $65. ... Thesis leather binding $195 for one, $175 each for 2-4. Please call 604-985-1912 for available colours.
From the "Total Before Shipping" detail summary, click "Submit Form" to proceed with your order. Choose shipping options and enter payment details. 3. Upload your PDF document and any images (for printed covers) that should accompany the file. With your order complete, your book (s) should ship in approximately one week.
Types of Binding Available: When it comes to thesis binding, most universities require 'hard' or 'soft' binding but there are some exceptions so we'll go through all the various binding options available so that it covers all possible university specifications: Hard binding (usually used for final submission of a thesis/dissertation ...
The binding itself is bound the highest standard, and sewn for maximum durability. With thick 3mm boards offering a rigid finish, and solid feel, combined with the spine curvature for ease of opening. This binding is most commonly used for final thesis submission, and for personal copies. Review Colour Choices.
When the printing of your thesis is colored, it is likely to have pizazz. However, understand that having too much color in it may negatively impact the seriousness of your paper. Paper: The printing shop you approach may most likely suggest 80 g/m² paper. Understand that this measurement is thin and could make your paper weak.
Compared to the premium leather binding, the textured surface of the standard leather book binding is shinier. Both versions of the leather binding are especially good for thesis binding. The value of the thesis displays itself in the elegance of this binding, and thereby leaves the best possible first impression.
Student Thesis Binding. Upload Thesis Files. Textbook Binding. Schools. Home Educators. Personal Binding. Magazines. Comic Books. Fix My Book. Personal Thesis. Cookbooks. Custom Binders. ... 370 Hunter Green 035 Dark Red 460 Royal Blue 150 Orange 650 Brown 375 Forest Green 488 Light Navy 750 Black 037 Bright Red 207 Yellow: 423 Baby Blue
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) advocate for advancing green growth, a concept that balances economic prosperity with environmental protection. At the core of this vision are principles of sustainable consumption, production, and energy usage, all aimed at mitigating climate change and safeguarding ecosystems. This study investigates how technological innovation influences the ...
Home / Thesis Printing and Binding / Buckram / Thesis Order Form 2024. Thesis Order Form 2024. Rating: 4.79. DB Bookbinders specializes in binding student work, equipped with the tools, staff, and experience to create the perfect thesis or folio. Many students believe printing and attaching a cover is all it takes to complete their work, but in ...