business management wassce case study

WASSCE Business Management Past Questions

From 1993 to 2020

Part 1 (Objectives)

• WASSCE BM 1993 – FREE
• WASSCE BM 1994
• WASSCE BM 1995
• WASSCE BM 1996
• WASSCE BM 1997
• WASSCE BM 1998
• WASSCE BM 1999
• WASSCE BM 2000
• WASSCE BM 2001
• WASSCE BM 2002
• WASSCE BM 2003
• WASSCE BM 2004
• WASSCE BM 2005
• WASSCE BM 2006
• WASSCE BM 2007
• WASSCE BM 2008
• WASSCE BM 2009
• WASSCE BM 2010
• WASSCE BM 2011
• WASSCE BM 2012
• WASSCE BM 2013
• WASSCE BM 2014
• WASSCE BM 2015
• WASSCE BM 2016
• WASSCE BM 2017
• WASSCE BM 2018
• WASSCE BM 2019
• WASSCE BM 2020

Part 2 (Essay)

ExamHall.Org

WASSCE Business Management Sample Questions for Students (Set A)

Get ready to solve these WASSCE Sample Questions for Business Management Students as part of your preparation for the WASSCE.

The Business Management course at the SHS level, which is a subject under the Business programme, remains one of the easy-to-pass papers. Any student who fails this paper should bow his or her head in shame.

The subject and the topics taught are easy to understand, and learners who put in minimal effort consistently over a period should be able to excel and make very good grades in the subject.

In this write-up, we share with Business Students studying business management some questions to solve. Candidates are advised to carefully read each, question and then to develop the answers or points they will explain for each question.

This should be followed by a group discussion with very serious and dedicated students. Once the students complete the discussion, each student should attempt the questions under strict examination conditions and rules.

Students are encouraged to explain the points they raise and develop them well. Do well to support answers with very good examples

WASSCE Sample Questions for Business Management Students (Set A)

Question 1:

Identity and discuss the characteristics of each of the following forms of business organization.

[a] Partnership

[b]  Limited liability company

[c]  Public corporation

Question 2:

[a] Describe the procedures for the formation of a Limited liability company and Sole business.

[b] Discuss five differences between Sole business and partnership

Question 3:

[a] Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of partnership business

[b] Describe the methods for the distribution of profits and absorption of losses in a partnership business

Question 4:

[a] Discuss any five causes of business failure in Ghana.

[b] Explain the basic functions of management.

Question 5:

[a] Discuss the different levels of management designed to help to meet corporate objectives. 

[b] What is the relationship between the board of directors and the various levels of management of a company?

Question 6:

[a] Identify and describe the functions of managers based on their departments within organizations.

[b] Managers are responsible for interpersonal, decisional and information roles. Discuss two of these functions under each subheading.

Question 7:

[a] Discuss how culture influences management practices in Ghana

[b] Explain any four differences between administration and management

Question 8:

[a] Explain what internal and external business forces within the business environment are.

[b] Explain four internal and three external business forces

Question 9:

[a]  Differentiate among ethical, legal, and social responsibilities of business. Support each explanation with at least one example.

[b] Discuss four implications of noncompliance for business with the legal requirements?

 READ:  Core Mathematics WASSCE 2023: Sample Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers

Question 10:

An accounting firm has key stakeholders just like any other business.

[a] Differentiate between stakeholders and shareholders.

[b] List three stakeholders each under Primary and secondary groupings

[c] Discuss any five stakeholders of the Accounting firm.

We hope we all put to good use these WASSCE Business Management Sample Questions provided by the examhall.org. Also do well to visit other pages for exam study tips, WASSCE related updates. Do not forget to share this post with other students in SHS and those preparing for the WASSCE.

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Business Management Case Study: A Complete Breakdown

Gain a comprehensive understanding of the "Business Management Case Study" as we break down the concept from start to finish. Discover the incredible journeys of companies like Apple Inc., Tesla and Netflix as they navigate innovation, global expansion, and transformation. This detailed analysis will provide insights into the dynamic world of business management.

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Case studies play a pivotal role in understanding real-world challenges, strategies, and outcomes in the ever-evolving field of Business Management. This blog dives into the intricacies of a compelling Business Management Case Study, dissecting its components to extract valuable insights for aspiring managers, entrepreneurs, and students alike. Learn the study behind some of the most significant Business Management Case Studies & how an online business degree can help you learn more in this article. 

Table of Contents

1) What is Business Management? 

2) Case Studies in Business Management 

    a) Apple Inc. Innovation 

    b) Tesla’s EV revolution 

    c) Amazon retailer to e-commerce giant 

    d) McDonald’s global expansion 

    e) Netflix’s transformation 

3) Conclusion 

What is Business Management?  

Business Management refers to the set of activities, strategies, and practices employed to oversee and coordinate an organisation's operations, resources, and personnel to achieve specific goals and objectives. It encompasses a wide range of responsibilities to ensure an organisation's efficient and effective functioning across various functional areas. 

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Case Studies in Business Management  

Here are some of the notable case studies in the field of Business Management that have garnered attention due to their complexity, innovative strategies, and significant impact on their respective industries:  

Apple Inc. innovation  

a) Background: Apple Inc. is a global technology giant noted for its innovative products and design-driven approach. In the early 2000s, Apple faced intense competition and declining market share. The company needed to reinvent itself to remain relevant and competitive. 

b) Problem statement: Apple's challenge was revitalising its product line and regaining market leadership while navigating a rapidly changing technological world. 

c) Analysis of the situation: The Case Study dives into Apple's design thinking and customer-centric innovation to develop products that seamlessly blend form and function. The company's focus on user experience, ecosystem integration, and attention to detail set it apart from its competitors. 

d) Proposed solutions: Apple's strategy involved launching breakthrough products like the iPod, iPhone, and iPad that redefined their respective markets. The company also invested heavily in creating a robust ecosystem through iTunes and the App Store. 

e) Chosen strategy: Apple's commitment to user-centred design and innovation became the cornerstone of its success. The strategy encompassed cutting-edge technology, minimalist design, and exceptional user experience. 

f) Implementation process: Apple's implementation involved rigorous research and development, collaboration among various teams, and meticulous attention to detail. The company also established a loyal customer base through iconic product launches and marketing campaigns. 

g) Results and outcomes: Apple's strategy paid off immensely, leading to a resurgence in its market share, revenue, and brand value. The company's products became cultural touchstones, and its ecosystem approach set new standards for the technology industry. 

Tesla’s EV revolution  

a) Background: Tesla, led by Elon Musk, aimed to disrupt the traditional automotive industry by introducing electric vehicles (EVs) that combined sustainability, performance, and cutting-edge technology. 

b) Problem statement: Tesla faced challenges related to the production, scalability, and market acceptance of electric vehicles in an industry dominated by internal combustion engine vehicles. 

c) Analysis of the situation: This Case Study examines Tesla's unique approach, which combines innovation in electric powertrains, battery technology, and software. The company also adopted a direct-to-consumer sales model, bypassing traditional dealership networks. 

d) Proposed solutions: Tesla's solutions included building a network of Supercharger stations, developing advanced autonomous driving technology, and leveraging over-the-air software updates to improve vehicle performance and features. 

e) Chosen strategy: Tesla focused on high-quality engineering, creating a luxury brand image for EVs, and promoting a community of passionate supporters. The company also bet on long-term sustainability and energy innovation beyond just manufacturing cars. 

f) Implementation process: Tesla faced production challenges, supply chain issues, and scepticism from traditional automakers. The company's determination to continuously refine its vehicles and technology resulted in incremental improvements and increased consumer interest. 

g) Results and outcomes: Tesla's innovative approach catapulted it into the forefront of the EV market. The Model S, Model 3, Model X, and Model Y gained popularity for their performance, range, and technology. Tesla's market capitalisation surged, and the company played a significant part in changing the perception of electric vehicles. 

Amazon retailer to e-commerce giant  

a) Background: Amazon started as an online bookstore in the 1990s and quickly expanded its offerings to become the world's largest online retailer. However, its journey was riddled with challenges and risks. 

b) Problem statement: Amazon faced difficulties in achieving profitability due to its aggressive expansion, heavy investments, and price competition. The company needed to find a way to sustain its growth and solidify its position in the e-commerce market. 

c) Analysis of the situation: This Case Study explores Amazon's unique business model, which prioritises customer satisfaction, convenience, and diversification. The company continuously experimented with new ideas, services, and technologies. 

d) Proposed solutions: Amazon's solutions included the introduction of Amazon Prime, the Kindle e-reader, and the development of its third-party seller marketplace. These initiatives aimed to enhance customer loyalty, expand product offerings, and increase revenue streams. 

e) Chosen strategy: Amazon's strategy revolved around long-term thinking, customer obsession, and a willingness to invest heavily in innovation and infrastructure, even at the expense of short-term profits. 

f) Implementation process: Amazon's implementation involved building a vast network of fulfilment centres, investing in advanced technology for logistics and supply chain management, and expanding its services beyond e-commerce into cloud computing (Amazon Web Services) and entertainment (Amazon Prime Video). 

g) Results and outcomes: Amazon's strategy paid off as it transformed from an online bookstore to an e-commerce behemoth. The company not only achieved profitability but also diversified into various sectors, making Jeff Bezos the richest person in the world for a time. 

McDonald’s global expansion  

a) Background: McDonald's is one of the world's largest and most recognisable fast-food chains. The Case Study focuses on the company's global expansion strategy and challenges in adapting to diverse cultural preferences and market conditions. 

b) Problem statement: McDonald's challenge was maintaining its brand identity while tailoring its menu offerings and marketing strategies to suit different countries' preferences and cultural norms. 

c) Analysis: The Case Study analyses McDonald's localisation efforts, menu adaptations, and marketing campaigns in different countries. It explores how the company balances standardisation with customisation to appeal to local tastes. 

d) Solutions and outcomes: McDonald's successfully combines global branding with localized strategies, resulting in sustained growth and customer loyalty in various markets. The Case Study demonstrates the importance of understanding cultural nuances in international business. 

Netflix’s evolution  

a) Background: Netflix started as a DVD rental-by-mail service and became a leading global streaming platform. The Case Study explores Netflix's strategic evolution, content production, and influence on the entertainment industry. 

b) Problem statement: Netflix's challenge was transitioning from a traditional DVD rental business to a digital streaming service while competing with established cable networks and other streaming platforms. 

c) Analysis: The Case Study analyses Netflix's shift to online streaming, its investment in original content production, and its use of data analytics to personalise user experiences and content recommendations. 

d) Solutions and outcomes: Netflix's strategic pivot and focus on content quality and user experience contributed to its dominance in the streaming market. The Case Study illustrates how embracing digital disruption and customer-centric strategies can drive success.  

Conclusion  

These case studies offer valuable insights into different facets of Business Management, including innovation, strategic decision-making, customer-centric approaches, and market disruption. Analysing these cases provides aspiring managers and entrepreneurs with real-world examples of how effective strategies, risk-taking, and adaptability can lead to remarkable success in the dynamic business world. 

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Ghana wassce 2021 business management past questions and answers.

Ghana WASSCE 2021 BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

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WAEC SYLLABUS FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 2021/2022 (WASSCE)

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WAEC WASSCE [SSCE] SYLLABUS FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

1.   PREAMBLE

The course in Business Management at the senior school level embraces principles and activities in the core functional areas of business management. It also covers legal environment of business, information technology, globalization, economic integration and entrepreneurship.

• WAEC SYLLABUS FOR HOME MANAGEMENT 2021/2022 (WASSCE)
• WAEC SYLLABUS FOR STORE MANAGEMENT 2021/2022 (WASSCE)

 The examination therefore intends to test candidates’

(i)  understanding and appreciation of the basic concepts, principles and practices of business management;

 (ii)  understanding of the role of business management in an economy;

(iii)  ability to relate the concepts and principles of business management to practical business situations.

 (iv)  ability to pursue further studies in business management.

3.   SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

There will be two papers, Paper 1 and Paper 2; both of which will constitute a composite paper and will be taken at a sitting.

PAPER: 1  This will consist of fifty compulsory multiple-choice objective questions which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 30 marks. It will last1 hour.

PAPER: 2 It will consist of a compulsory case study question and seven other essay questions, out of which candidates will be expected to answer any three. The case study will range between 200 and 250 words and will carry 25 marks, while the other questions will carry equal marks of 15 each. The paper will therefore carry a total of 70 marks.

4. DETAILED SYLLABUS

SUGGESTED READING LIST

NAME     PUBLISHER TITLE

Ansah, J.K.  Wilas Press Ltd Introduction to  

Business Management

Attieku, B, Marfo-Yiadom, E  Smartline Limited Business

Dorkey, T and  Tekyi, K. Management

Boachie-Mensah, F.O   Woeli Publishing Essentials of

Services Management  

Browne, D., Barass, M.,  Heinemann Education  Business

W., Dransfield, R and   Publishers Studies

Needham D.   for AS Level

Buckley, M. Brindley, B

and Greenwood, M.S,   Longman Group    Business Studies

Callaghan, P (ed).  Sunderhid Tyre and  Business

 Wear Advanced   Level

Carysforth, C and Neild, M Heinemann Education  Intermediat

  Publishers Business

Danks, S.  DP Publication Advanced   Business

Du Toit, G S, Erasmus, B G,  Oxford University Introduction to

and Strydom, J W,  Press South Africa Business

Fardon, M. (ed)  Osborne Books Business Studies,

Needham, D. and Dransfield, R  Stanley Thornes Business Studies,

NAME PUBLISHER   TITLE

Needle, D  International Thomson  Business in

 Business Press   Context

Nickels, W.G McHugh, Irwin McGraw-Hill Understanding  

J.M And McHugh, S.M. Business

Marfo-Yiadom, E  Excellent Printing & Introduction to

 Publishing Business

Redmond, PWD  Pitman Publishing Ltd  Mercantile Law

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Top 40 Most Popular Case Studies of 2021

Two cases about Hertz claimed top spots in 2021's Top 40 Most Popular Case Studies

Two cases on the uses of debt and equity at Hertz claimed top spots in the CRDT’s (Case Research and Development Team) 2021 top 40 review of cases.

Hertz (A) took the top spot. The case details the financial structure of the rental car company through the end of 2019. Hertz (B), which ranked third in CRDT’s list, describes the company’s struggles during the early part of the COVID pandemic and its eventual need to enter Chapter 11 bankruptcy. 

The success of the Hertz cases was unprecedented for the top 40 list. Usually, cases take a number of years to gain popularity, but the Hertz cases claimed top spots in their first year of release. Hertz (A) also became the first ‘cooked’ case to top the annual review, as all of the other winners had been web-based ‘raw’ cases.

Besides introducing students to the complicated financing required to maintain an enormous fleet of cars, the Hertz cases also expanded the diversity of case protagonists. Kathyrn Marinello was the CEO of Hertz during this period and the CFO, Jamere Jackson is black.

Sandwiched between the two Hertz cases, Coffee 2016, a perennial best seller, finished second. “Glory, Glory, Man United!” a case about an English football team’s IPO made a surprise move to number four.  Cases on search fund boards, the future of malls,  Norway’s Sovereign Wealth fund, Prodigy Finance, the Mayo Clinic, and Cadbury rounded out the top ten.

Other year-end data for 2021 showed:

• Online “raw” case usage remained steady as compared to 2020 with over 35K users from 170 countries and all 50 U.S. states interacting with 196 cases.
• Fifty four percent of raw case users came from outside the U.S..
• The Yale School of Management (SOM) case study directory pages received over 160K page views from 177 countries with approximately a third originating in India followed by the U.S. and the Philippines.
• Twenty-six of the cases in the list are raw cases.
• A third of the cases feature a woman protagonist.
• Orders for Yale SOM case studies increased by almost 50% compared to 2020.
• The top 40 cases were supervised by 19 different Yale SOM faculty members, several supervising multiple cases.

CRDT compiled the Top 40 list by combining data from its case store, Google Analytics, and other measures of interest and adoption.

All of this year’s Top 40 cases are available for purchase from the Yale Management Media store .

And the Top 40 cases studies of 2021 are:

1.   Hertz Global Holdings (A): Uses of Debt and Equity

2.   Coffee 2016

3.   Hertz Global Holdings (B): Uses of Debt and Equity 2020

4.   Glory, Glory Man United!

5.   Search Fund Company Boards: How CEOs Can Build Boards to Help Them Thrive

6.   The Future of Malls: Was Decline Inevitable?

7.   Strategy for Norway's Pension Fund Global

8.   Prodigy Finance

9.   Design at Mayo

10. Cadbury

11. City Hospital Emergency Room

13. Volkswagen

14. Marina Bay Sands

15. Shake Shack IPO

16. Mastercard

17. Netflix

18. Ant Financial

19. AXA: Creating the New CR Metrics

20. IBM Corporate Service Corps

21. Business Leadership in South Africa's 1994 Reforms

22. Alternative Meat Industry

23. Children's Premier

24. Khalil Tawil and Umi (A)

25. Palm Oil 2016

26. Teach For All: Designing a Global Network

27. What's Next? Search Fund Entrepreneurs Reflect on Life After Exit

28. Searching for a Search Fund Structure: A Student Takes a Tour of Various Options

30. Project Sammaan

31. Commonfund ESG

32. Polaroid

33. Connecticut Green Bank 2018: After the Raid

34. FieldFresh Foods

35. The Alibaba Group

36. 360 State Street: Real Options

37. Herman Miller

38. AgBiome

39. Nathan Cummings Foundation

40. Toyota 2010

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Tesla's ceo compensation plan.

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United Housing - Otis Gates

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Insurer of Last Resort?: The Federal Financial Response to September 11

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Under Armour

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Li & Fung 2012

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United Breaks Guitars

David dao on united airlines.

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Marketing Reading: Digital Marketing

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Social Strategy at Nike

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The Tate's Digital Transformation

Social strategy at american express, mellon financial and the bank of new york.

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The Walt Disney Company and Pixar, Inc.: To Acquire or Not to Acquire?

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Dow's Bid for Rohm and Haas

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Finance Reading: The Mergers and Acquisitions Process

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Sidewalk Labs: Privacy in a City Built from the Internet Up

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Apple Inc. in 2012

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WAEC 2024: 3 Success Stories from 2024 WASSCE That Will Motivate You

• On Monday, August 12, the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) released the 2024 West African Secondary School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) results
• The results made some WAEC students and their loved ones happy and left others with bitter tastes in their mouths
• Amid the mixed feelings that trailed the 2024 WAEC results, Legit.ng spotlights some inspiring stories of some students who wrote the exams

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Since August 12, WAEC and WASSCE have overtaken trends across social media platforms as students, parents, and educational stakeholders react to the release of the nationwide secondary school exams .

Excited netizens celebrated the performance of their loved ones in the exams online, while others lamented after seeing their results.

In this article, Legit.ng highlights three success stories from the 2024 WAEC exams that would inspire you.

"Please note": WAEC speaks on honouring overall best candidate in 2024 WASSCE, others

1. Ifeoma Nnadozie fell sick during her WASSCE

A Nigerian actor, Juliet Nnadozie, excitedly took to Facebook to showcase the WASSCE result of her daughter, Ifeoma Nnadozie.

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She revealed that her daughter braved sickness to distinctions in the exam. The girl got five A1's. Her mother wrote:

"She was sick on the days she wrote literature and catering, I had to come and pick her from school to hospital..."

Ifeoma's WAEC result below:

2. Twins working as cleaners ace WASSCE

A story of twin siblings who aced their WASSCE despite working as school cleaners was recently shared on social media and it went viral.

A Nigerian man, @Tope_Orus, shared the siblings' WASSCE results on X as he celebrated their academic feat.

The twins' WASSCE results were a mixture of credits and distinctions.

WAEC 2024: Man shares his sister's result, says they are looking for any university scholarship

The twins' result below:

3. Girl who refused NECO exam aces WASSCE

Many students take the National Examinations Council (NECO) exams ahead of their WASSCE examinations as a proactive move should they not do well in the WAEC exam.

This was not the case for a young girl named Obeta Ozioma Gospel. According to her sister , Ozioma already knew the area of concentration for her WAEC exam and vowed not to sit for the NECO exam.

Fortunately for the bright girl, she aced the WASSCE , scoring A1 in economics and general mathematics.

Ozioma's WASSCE result below:

Girl studies 6 hours for her WASSCE

Meanwhile, Legit.ng previously reported the WAEC result of a girl who studied for six hours daily.

In a message exclusively sent to Legit.ng , Opeyemi revealed it was her first sitting. A look at the result Opeyemi shared with Legit.ng showed she scored six A1's. Opeyemi had A1 in economics, general mathematics, biology, physics, animal husbandry and food and nutrition. When Legit.ng quizzed Opeyemi about how she prepared for the WAEC examination, she replied:

WAEC 2024: Boy who got 211 in JAMB UTME posts his WASSCE result, asks if he can still study law

"I studied 6 hours a day because I didn't register for NECO, and I knew that it was a risky decision, so I had to prepare well for my WAEC. I studied past questions a lot and it really helped me."

Proofread by Kola Muhammed, journalist and copyeditor at Legit.ng

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Source: Legit.ng

Victor Duru (Editor) Victor Duru is a Reuters-trained award-winning journalist with over 4 years of working experience in the media industry. He holds a B.Sc in Management Studies from Imo State University, where he was a Students' Union Government Director of Information. Victor is a human interest editor, strategic content creator, freelancer and a Google-certified digital marketer. His work has been featured on US news media Faith It. He can be reached via [email protected]

Your Educational Guide And Light For Life

Business Management 2000 WASSCE-Past Questions and Answers

Business Management 2000 WASSCE-Past Questions and Answers-is an e-learning content.  

This e-learning content has been designed to help students to pass their business management exams.

There are a lot of help that we can offer you as far as your studies is concerned. Read more .

Click on the links below to navigate to what you specifically want. You can always click on back arrow [←] to come back to the table of content here:

Click For The Summary Of This Guide

Table of Content

General overview, the nature of the examination, the summary of the paper.

• Paper 1 – Section A
• Paper 1 – Section B

Business Management 2000 WASSCE-Past Questions and Answers-is an e-learning content. This e-learning content has been designed to help students to pass their business management exams.

There are a lot of help that we can offer you as far as your studies is concerned.

Also, have you had challenges trying to learn, write or pass your WAEC BM paper? If the answer is yes, then I can assure you that educareguide is here to help and guide you.

We are here to encourage you that you can easily pass this subject. Firstly, we have a lot of links to assist you to get enough details. 

Truly, this will help you to gain enough knowledge and understanding to pass your examination. Secondly, we have materials on various topics, sub-topics relating to this subject area.

Therefore, our site is very helpful to Senior High School Student across the West African sub-region. Notably, these countries are Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, The Gambia and Liberia. 

Moreover, these students rely on our guide and pass the WASSCE Business Management Examination. In detail, check the questions and the answers just below.

There are two Papers in the examination, (and these are Paper 1 and Paper 2). In detail, there are two sections in the Paper 1 (i.e. Section A and Section B).

Section A is an Objective Test and Section B is a Case Study. There are 50 questions in the Objective test, and the Case Study has some question under it for you to answer.

Finally, there are 10 questions in the Paper 2.  They are asked to tests the student’s general understanding of the various topics under business management.

The WASSCE Business management Paper for 2000 can summarized below:

• 2000 WASSCE Business Management Paper One – Section A;
• 2000 WASSCE Business Management Paper One – Section B;
• 2000 WASSCE Business Management Paper Two

Business Management 2000 WASSCE-Past Questions and Answers Paper 1

Business management 2000 wassce-past questions and answers- paper 1 – section a.

Let me show you how to find the answers to the Business Management Questions – Paper 1, Section A.

To clarify that, when you read a question, just click on this symbol ( ˅ ) that follows the question. After doing so, the answer will drop down for you. In fact, it is a very simple task.

However, for the purposes of evaluating yourself, you may want to answer the before reviewing the suggested answer (or solution)

• high profits
• human resource development
• improved marker share
• long and short-term goals
• liability of members is limited to the amount of capital contributed.
• business exists as an artificial person distinct from its members.
• business is run by people different from its members.
• objectives of the business are separate from the objectives of the members.
• they are small
• they lack collateral security
• one person bears all losses
• they do not operate on the stock exchange.
• they buy in bulk and sell through wholesalers.
• they sometimes manufacture and provide wholesale facilities.
• they buy in bulk and sell in smaller units to consumers.
• they are the main source of finance to manufacturers.
• business ethics
• public health and safety
• incentive schemes for employees
• the environment
• employee development
• I, II and IV only
• I, III and IV only
• I, IV and V only
• III, IV and V only
• controlling
• Goal-setting, directing and controlling.
• Directing, organizing and controlling.
• Strategic decision-making, controlling and directing.
• Coordinating, controlling and objective setting.
• planning how to achieve objectives.
• producing the right quality of goods and services
• selecting the right calibre of workers.
• choosing a course of action from among alternatives.
• implementing and assessing action.
• choosing an alternative.
• weighing a series of alternatives.
• analysing the problem.
• Basic decision
• Programmed decision
• Non-programmed decision
• Strategic decision
• better supervision of work
• punctuality at work.
• a better communication system.
• uninterrupted flow of work.
• proper handling of documents.
• reproduction of documents for distribution to staff.
• recording of letters in the mail register.
• process of arranging and storing records for ease of reference.
• departmental filing.
• general filing.
• centralized filing.
• organizational filing.
• Sound general education.
• Punctuality
• Good human relations.
• Good appearance.
• form letter.
• routing slip.
• cross reference.
• circular letter.
• Post Office Guide.
• Post office dictionary.
• Postal regulations book.
• Telephone directory.
• Personnel Manager
• Managing Director
• Chief Accountant
• Company Secretary
• human behaviour.
• organizational chart.
• organizational structure.
• an autocratic leader
• a democratic leader
• a laissez-faire leader
• a sympathetic leader
• Concentrating decision-making at a central point.
• Shifting decision-making from a central point to local levels.
• Sharing decision-making between the central and local levels.
• Discouraging personnel at the local level from taking part in decision-
• Participation in decision-making is encouraged.
• There is reduction in the chain of command.
• Policy implementation is not uniform among the decentralized units.
• It improves the communication system.
• diagonal communication.
• downward communication.
• upward communication.
• horizontal communication.
• formal communication.
• informal communication.
• grapevine communication.
• unofficial communication.
• vertical communication.
• Advertisement
• discharge of contract by frustration.
• discharge of contract by performance.
• offer and acceptance.
• discharge of contract by agreement.
• assuming the risk of any debts.
• acting on behalf of his principal.
• refunding secret profits.
• preventing loss.
• have faith and confidence in his principal.
• not let his interest conflict with that of his principal.
• make maximum profit for his principal,
• take good decisions on behalf of the principal.
• Treasury bill
• Promissory note
• Postal order
• Language differences.
• Low volume of exports.
• Use of different currencies.
• Different legal systems.
• Medium of exchange.
• Portability
• facilitates comparison of values.
• redistributes wealth.
• prevents inflation.
• is more durable.
• Foreign aid and grants
• Court fines
• Sale of government property
• insurance fee.
• compensation
• the insurer.
• the policy holder.
• an actuary.
• computer hardware.
• operating system.
• computer software.
• central processing unit.
• dictating machine.
• microfilming equipment
• fax machine.
• reference is faster.
• it saves space.
• films are cheaper.
• microfilms are easily filed.
• Quality control department.
• Personnel department.
• Production department.
• Standards Board.
• Duties to be performed.
• Appearance and age.
• Educational requirements.
• Skill and experience.
• a stable workforce.
• high labour turnover.
• a highly motivated workforce.
• good conditions of service.
• personal interviews.
• observation
• library research.
• personal files.
• distribution
• product line.
• product mix.
• product development.
• product life cycle.
• persuasive advertising.
• informative advertising.
• competitive advertising.
• sales promotion.
• Introductory stage.
• Growth stage.
• Maturity stage.
• Decline stage.
• getting a partner.
• advertising the business.
• insuring the business.
• registering the business.
• shareholders of the company.
• the consumers of the company’s product.
• people who lend money to the business.
• all those interested in the actions of the b

I’m sure you are going to evaluate your performance with regards to the objective questions above. Let me emphasize again that the answers to the objective questions can be found by clicking on the symbol (˅) just after the question.

Now let’s proceed to the Paper 1 – Section B just below:

Business Management 1997 WASSCE-Past Questions and Answers- Paper 1 – Section B

This section of the examination is made up of essay-type questions. That normally require you to mostly, state and explain your various points.

As I have always said, it is better to first answer the questions on your own before referring to the answer from the drop-down symbol.

Let me show you how to find the answers to the Business Management Questions – Paper 1, Section B.

When you read a question, just click on this symbol ( ˅ ) beside it, and the answer will drop down for you. It is a very simple task.

Read the following case carefully and answer the questions that follow.    [expand title=””]

GODGIFT COMPANY LIMITED

The Godgift Company Limited had over the years moved from a sole proprietorship to a Limited liability Company specializing in the production of toys in Tema.

Hitherto, the Managing Director, Mr. Lawson, had effectively managed the affairs of the company. The new management of the company turned the tide of progress after the death of Mr. Lawson. Mr. Adams Quayson, the new managing director and his team of managers, though good planners and organizers, did very little to influence the workforce to contribute their quota towards the attainment of the objectives of the company.

Management would not seek workers opinion on any decision making: neither did they increase their salaries for three years contrary to the provisions in the collective bargaining agreement. Tension ensued between management and workers, which spilled over to affect worker motivation and subsequently culminated in the production of defective toys.

Although the managing director talked the issue over with the head of quality control department, this yielded no positive result because of the uncooperative attitudes of workers in his outfit.

The open plan office layout of Godgift’s rented premises was such that office furniture and equipment occupied 15.5 square metres of the floor space when in fact with good re-organization about 10 square metres of. the office space could have been used and the rest of the floor space used to accommodate workers of the annex. The rent paid for the office accommodation was  ¢1,200,000.00 per square metre per year.  [/expand]

1.   (a) What does it mean to say that the new management team was good planners and organisers?

Suggested Answer:   [expand title=””]

Good planning involves forecasting or looking into the future, setting objectives and goals and also determining the course of action for achieving the set goals and objectives.

The new management team were good planners because they were good at looking or predicting the future, setting objectives and goals and determining a course of action which is necessary for the effective and efficient accomplishment of the set goals and objectives.

A good organizer is someone who involves himself in the identification of tasks and the activities to achieve the objectives of the organization, obtaining the necessary resources, grouping the tasks into departments, assigning the tasks to individuals and groups and delegating them the necessary authority to carry out their operations. The new management team were good organisers because they were able to effectively and efficiently perform this function.  [/expand]

1.   (b) State and explain two management functions in which the new management proved ineffective.

Directing/leadership: – Directing involves the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve the organization’s goals. It involves making workers to do their work through communication, motivation, supervision and guidance. The new management team exhibited an autocratic leadership style. They did not seek workers’ opinions on issues and workers were not allowed to participate in decision making. Workers’ morale therefore went down so low and this resulted in the production of defective toys.

• Controlling: – it involves setting performance standards, measuring results and comparing it with the standards whilst corrective measures are applied to remedy any deviation of performance from standards. It is thus, the process through which managers ensure that actual activities conform to planned activities. The new management was equally ineffective in the performance of their controlling function. They failed to control the quality of their products. This means that actual activities did not conform to planned activities and thus, resulting in the production of defective toys.  [/expand]

2.   Was the new management right for not increasing workers salaries? Why?

The new management was wrong in doing so. They did not adhere to the provisions outlined in the collective bargaining agreement. The collective bargaining agreement provides the modalities for salary increase.  [/expand]

3.   (a) Briefly explain the term open office.

An open office is an office, which is not partitioned. It is a situation where all staff and departments of an organization are kept and controlled in one large room.  [/expand]

3.   (b) How much accommodation cost per month would be saved for re­organization the layout?

[docxpresso file=”http://educareguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2000-Paper-1-SB-Q3b-4.ods” comments=”true” SVG=”true”]

Business Management 2000 WASSCE-Past Questions and Answers- Paper 2

1.   (a) what is office layout.

Office layout is the using of the total space required to provide the best practical and convenient arrangement of the furniture and equipment in the office in order to achieve the maximum output of work.  [/expand]

1.   (b) What are the advantages that a business would derive from a well-planned office layout?

• A well-planned office layout encourages better communication.
• It also leads to the promotion of efficiency and effectiveness of flow of work.
• It also promotes better supervision of work.
• It promotes economy on the use of available floor space.
• A good office layout may also lead to increased morale of staff.  [/expand]

2.   (a) Explain the term centralization of authority.

Centralization is a situation where the authority to make decision is concentrated in the hands of the top hierarchy of an organisation. In this case, only the people at top management have the power to make decision in the organisation.  [/expand]

2.   (b) State four advantages and four disadvantages of centralization of authority.

Advantages:.

Centralization ensures faster decision-making because they are taken at the top without the need to refer them to the units or departments.

It is less expensive to operate because there is less duplication of personnel, machines, tools and other resources.

It is very easy to co-ordinate the activities of the various departments.

• It involves few senior executives of the company and their skills and experience will lead to quality decisions.

Disadvantages:

It does not encourage top-level executive to delegate authority and the result is that subordinates may become frustrated.

It over-burdens top management in terms of their workload and prevents them from having enough time to concentrate on more strategic issues.

It does not consider differences or variations in local conditions.

• It finally stifles subordinates initiative because they have to refer every decision to the top for decision-making.  [/expand]

3.   (a) State and explain four factors that may influence the choice of a medium of communication between organizations.

• Cost involved: – The choice of a medium is dependent on the cost of the medium. E.g. a manager may opt to communicate through email messaging instead of telephone, because email messaging is cheaper.   
• Urgency of the message: – An urgent message calls for a fast medium of communication, e.g., a telephone may be used.
• Confidentiality of the message: – Where the message to be communicated is secret or highly confidential, it will be appropriate to use face-to-face communication.
• Safety of the message: – When the safety of the message is paramount, a written communication medium may be used.
• Facilities available to both sender and recipient: – Where both the sender and recipient have certain facilities, e.g., telephone, facsimile, internet etc. then one of these may be chosen as a medium.  [/expand]

3.   (b) Identify two sources of grapevine information in an organization.

• Eavesdropping
• Waste paper basket
• Confidential papers left unattended to on desks or computers.
• Careless (accidental) remarks.
• Loud voices form behind closed doors.  [/expand]

4.   (a) Explain the term marketing concept.

The marketing concept gives recognition to the fact that the consumer should be the central focus of a firm’s total marketing strategy. That is to say, all activities undertaken by the company towards the marketing of its products or services should he directed towards the customer.

Under the concept, all activities of a business should be directed first and foremost to find out what customers want, the way they want it, how and when they want it and at what price and how to meet such demand at a reasonable level of profit.

The satisfaction of the consumer is of great importance and as a result, he is said to be a “king’ in marketing. The concept therefore means that an organization aims all its efforts at satisfying its customers at a profit.  [/expand]

4.   (b) Give reasons why new products introduced into a market may fail.

Wrong or poor timing of the introduction of the product on the market.

• Lack of effective promotional activities to inform consumers about the existence of the product on the market.

Excessive competition among producers of a particular product.

Poor pricing resulting from high cost of production may lead to high unit price. This will lead to low sales volume and thus less profits.

Inadequate or poor distribution outlets is another factor that may lead to new product failure, e.g., inappropriate use of channels and channel members.

• Inadequate research to identify or establish consumer preference for the product before production on large scale might also lead to the failure of a new product introduced into the market.  [/expand]

5.   State and explain five ways by which an agency relationship can be terminated.

Termination of any agency refers to the various methods or ways by which the relationship between an agent, principal and third parties can come to an end.

Circumstances under which an agency relationship can be terminated include:

An agency can come to an end by This occurs when the parties agree to release each other from the contractual obligations. It may occur when each party withdraws his original agreement.

It could also be terminated by That is by the completion of the transaction or when each party performs his side of the agreement under the contract.

An agency relationship could be terminated on the death of either the agent or principal.

• It could be terminated by When an agent renounces the authority given to him by his principal, the agency is said to be terminated.

The agent gives notice to the principal and withdraws his services.

• The destruction of the subject matter of the agency could also terminate the

, it terminates by the expiration of the period stipulated in the contract.

Where one party to the agency, that is either the agent or the principal is insane , the agency is said to be terminated.

• Finally the revocation of the authority of the agent by the principal can terminate the agency. If the revocation is a breach of the principals’ contract with the agent, he will be liable to pay damages for the loss of the agents’ commission  [/expand]

6.   Describe four monetary tools which the central bank can use to regulate the supply of money in the country.

• The Bank Rate: – The bank rate is the pivot of all interest rates because all interest rates depend on it. The interest rate charged by the commercial banks depends on the bank rate. The bank rote is the minimum rate of interest that the central bank charges on loans and advances granted to commercial banks and for re­discounting bills of exchange. If the bank rate were high, all other rates of interest would be high and vice versa. . If the central bank wants to reduce money supply, it raises the bank rate so that commercial banks would be discouraged from borrowing more. If the bank rate is high, commercial banks will also raise the interest rate on loans they grant to their customers and thus deter them from borrowing. On the other hand if the central bank wants to increase the money supply, the bank rate would be reduced.

Effectiveness of this policy mostly depends on the business atmosphere. If there is lucrative business activities, businessmen will still borrow from the commercial banks irrespective of the rate of interest and hence commercial banks will also go to the central bank to borrow money no matter the level of the bank rate.

• Open Market Operation: – The most important tool that the central bank has for influencing the supply of money is the purchase and sale of government bonds and other securities in the open market and this is known as open market operation. To reduce the money supply, the central bank sells securities to the commercial banks and the public. Customers of the commercial banks who want to buy the securities will draw cheques on the commercial banks thereby reducing the reserves of the commercial banks. Through this process money moves from the public through the commercial banks to the central bank thereby reducing money in circulation. The central bank buys securities from the commercial banks and the public when it wants to increase money in circulation. This will increase the cash vault in commercial banks, and thus enables them grant loans and advances to the public and hence increase money supply.

The effectiveness of this policy depends largely on the level of monetization, that is existence of the money and capital markets. If money and capital markets are developed in the economy the policy will be effective and vice versa. This is the most ineffective instrument in the developing countries because the level of monetization and education is low.

• The Cash Ratio: – This is the minimum percentage of commercial banks deposit (cash reserve requirements) which is expected to be kept with the central bank. To reduce the supply of money the central bank raises the cash ratio, so that the commercial banks are legally obliged to deposit a huge percentage of their cash with the central bank. This will reduce the cash in the vault of commercial banks and thereby making them unable to grant more credit to the public. The reverse is true if the central bank wishes to increase money supply

The effectiveness of this policy depends on whether the commercial banks have enough short-term securities or not. If they have, it implies that they can easily sell them to the central bank to get some cash and make the policy ineffective. Besides, due to the dominance of expatriate banks, the policy may not be effective in the least developed countries.

Special Deposit: – Quite apart from the constant deposits, the commercial banks are legally obliged to keep with the central bank a special percentage of their deposit. When special deposits are kept with the central bank, the amount of money left with commercial banks is reduced and as a result their ability to give loans also reduces. The weapon is very effective because the central bank call for a huge percentage or the commercial banks deposits as special deposits thereby reducing tremendously the cash in their vault and hence checking their ability to give more However, the problem posed by the foreign banks may hinder the effective operation of this policy.

• Directives: – Directives are in the form of instructions given by the central bank to the commercial banks regarding the direction of their loans and advances. It tells the commercial banks where their loans should go and the percentage they should grant. For example, the central bank may direct that so much should be given to the Agricultural and Industrial sectors but nothing to private businessmen. The effectiveness of this policy depends on government’s interference and availability of collateral securities. This policy has been ineffective due to lack of supervision which enables the commercial banks flout the directives.  [/expand]

7.   (a) Despite the advantages of internal trade some countries still restrict the quantity of imports into their countries. State and explain four reasons why countries indulge in import restrictions.

NB: Refer to 1999 (School Candidates) Paper Two, Question 10(a) for suggested solution.  [/expand]

7.   (b) Describe two ways by which import restrictions may be done.

NB: Refer to 1999 (School Candidates) Paper Two, Question 10(b) for suggested solution.  [/expand]

8.   Explain the following:

• Job description
• Job specification
• Job rotation
• Fringe benefits
• Job Description: – It specifies the duties and requirements of the job. This is a broad statement describing the purpose, scope, duties and responsibilities of a particular job. It states the title and location of the job, grade/salary level of the job, limits of authority, number of subordinates, physical working conditions, machines, tools and equipment used, product or service produced etc. It typically portrays job contents. In short, it summarizes all the basic tasks that are required to be performed on a job. A job description is what the worker does.
• Job Specification: – It sets forth the specific skills and training of the people hired to perform the job functions. It refers to the skills, knowledge and qualities needed to do the job. It is the human characteristics required to do a particular job. These human characteristics include: Age, educational background, training received, interests, working experience, communication skills, human relations skills, judgement and initiative, and physical efforts and skills required. Job specification therefore describes the physical qualities and characteristics needed to perform the job. A job specification is who the worker is.
• Job Rotation: – To overcome potential boredom a worker’s tasks can be regularly changed so that they spent a certain amount of time on one task before being moved onto another. It is therefore a job design that systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of anyone job e.g. a mechanic may install windshields for a week and front bumpers the next. In short, it is the process of assigning employees to different tasks or jobs on a temporary basis.
• Fringe Benefits: – These are non-financial rewards given to employees in addition to actual pay for job done. It is a package that includes items such as health care, transportation facilities, canteen facilities, legal aids, granting of loans, scholarship schemes, child care, paid vacation etc.  [/expand]

9.   (a) What is an Insurance Premium?

An insurance premium is a periodic payment from an insured to the insurer for the protection of an insured’s property by the insurer. It is therefore the amount or sum that is paid to the insurance company in order to be insured.  [/expand]

9.   (b) Mention and explain the basic principles on which insurance operates.

Utmost good faith (Uberrima Fide): – This is a principle which requires both the insured and the insurer in an insurance contract to make full disclosure of all material facts. The insured must answer all questions put to him by the insurer in truthfulness without hiding any material fact and the insurer too must explain to the insured the terms of the insurance concerning the exact cover. Failure on both parties to do this will render the contract null and void.

Insurable interest: – The basis of this principle is that the one insuring (owner) must suffer a loss or damage on the happening of the event stipulated in the contract. To have an insurable interest, one must be in danger of suffering some loss or incurring some liability should the thing concerned be destroyed or damaged in anyway. Therefore, one can insure his own life and property but not that of his friend. This principle therefore prevents policyholders from profiting out of the insurance company.

Indemnity: – This principle refers to the restoration of the insured to his former position or as nearly as possible but not over. The concept of indemnity as regards to insurance is that, the insured party should be put to the exact financial position he would have occupied if an accident had not occurred.

Subrogation: – The word “subrogate” means “to step into the place of’. Under this principle, after the insurance company has paid compensation on a property, it has the right to takeover the property concerned, so that the insured does not make a gain through the process.

Contribution:- According to this principle, an insured who has taken one insurance policy with more than one insurer (insurance company) cannot be compensated by all of them separately in the event of an accident but rather they are to contribute to compensate him or restore him to the position in which he was before the accident.

• Proximate Cause: – This principle says that if we insure against a certain eventuality (risk), we are entitled to compensation only if that eventuality is the immediate cause of the loss. Anything excluded from the contract which turns out to be the proximate cause of an unfortunate event would not make the insurance company liable. In simple terms, proximate cause is a situation where an insured cannot claim compensation if a property which he has insured against tire has been stolen.  [/expand]

10.   Give five reasons for the dominance of sole proprietorship in West Africa despite the advantages of limited liability company.

Easy formation: – It is easy to set up a sole proprietorship business because there is no law requiring the registration of such business.

Autonomy: – It is less subjected to legal and governmental controls and thus the owner is free to do whatever he likes.

Low capital requirement: – Capital required to start a sole proprietorship business is small as compared to that of a company.

Enjoyment of profit alone: – Under this form of business, the owner enjoys the profit alone.

Enjoyment of privacy: – He enjoys a high degree of privacy in the sense that business plans are mostly kept secret, that is, he is under no obligation to – reveal information about the business.

Quick decisions taken.

• Low expertise/managerial requirement.  [/expand]

You Might As Well Have Interest In The Following:

• Business Management 2019 Past Questions and Answers
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• Business Management 1996 Past Questions and Answers
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• Business Management 1994 Past Questions and Answers
• Business Management 1993 Past Questions and Answers

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WASSCE Past Questions and Answers – Business Management 1993

Business Management 1994 WASSCE-Past Questions and Answers

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4 case studies of businesses that scaled to greatness.

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Joe Camberato is the CEO and Founder of National Business Capital , a leading FinTech marketplace offering streamlined small business loans.

Have you ever wondered why some companies succeed in unimaginable ways while others fade into obscurity? The best way to understand how to scale a company is to look at how the most successful companies have done it. Let’s look at four companies that started out small and become global players in their industries.

Amazon is one of the best-known companies in the world, so it’s easy to forget that founder Jeff Bezos started the company out of his garage . In 1994, Bezos financed Amazon, which began as an online bookseller, with $10,000 of his own money.

Amazon experienced many losses during its early days, but its revenue quickly grew from $4.2 million to $8.5 million in 1996. The company went public in 1997, and the following year, it expanded beyond books.

One of its biggest game changers came in 2005 when the company launched Amazon Prime, its subscription service. There are 180 million Prime members in the U.S. alone.

Amazon’s continued commitment to innovation has led it to be one of the world’s most successful companies. Amazon provides its customers with almost unparalleled convenience.

Under Armour

In 1996, Under Armour was founded with the idea of creating a T-shirt that wicks sweat away more efficiently and keeps athletes dry. The company started small , with founder Kevin Plank selling T-shirts out of the trunk of his car and to his former teammates on the University of Maryland’s football team.

Under Armour made several iterations of its original prototype, and the T-shirt was a huge success. The company began growing organically. Plank wanted to increase the company’s growth, so in 1999, he decided to take out an ESPN ad for $25,000 . It was a risky move at the time, and employees agreed to go without pay for a couple of weeks so the company could afford the ad. However, the risk paid off, and Under Armour generated $1 million in sales the next year and dramatically increased its brand recognition.

Under Armour’s initial funding came from Plank , but the company went public in 2005 . Under Armour began to diversify and release new products, but it never lost focus on its central mission—improving the performance and comfort of all athletes.

In 2007, Brian Chesky and Joe Gebbia couldn’t afford the rent for their San Francisco apartment, so they decided to rent out their loft space to earn some extra money. They didn’t want to post an ad on Craigslist , so they decided to create their own rental site.

In 2009, they were accepted into Y Combinator and received $20,000 in funding . Airbnb later received another $600,000 in funding in a seed round, despite receiving a lot of early resistance. By 2014, Airbnb had more than 550,000 properties listed worldwide and 10 million guests.

One of its keys to success is its focus on the user experience. By allowing people to rent out their homes, the company gives the average person a way to earn an additional stream of income.

In 1997, Netflix was started as a DVD rental service to help customers avoid getting hit with late fees. Customers selected the movies and TV shows they wanted online and could then have them delivered to their homes.

In 1999 , founder Reed Hastings introduced a subscription-based model. Once customers were locked into a monthly subscription, they were more likely to rent more movies. In 2000, Netflix released its Unlimited Movie Rental program, which allowed customers to rent an unlimited number of movies each month for a monthly subscription of $19.95.

In 2007, Netflix launched its online streaming service, and that was the first year the company surpassed $1 billion in revenue. The company later began entering into content licensing deals with television studios and, in 2011, started producing its own original programming.

Netflix has been a success because the company is flexible and able to adapt quickly to changes in the marketplace. And Netflix’s founders were able to see the long-term vision for what the company could become, unlike companies like Blockbuster.

Tips On Scaling Your Business

Scaling a business is the ultimate goal for most entrepreneurs, but how can you make it happen? First, it’s important to understand the difference between growth vs. scaling. Growing businesses focus on getting bigger and acquiring more customers and more team members. In comparison, scaling focuses on efficiency. Scalable companies can serve more customers without significantly more effort.

It’s near-impossible to scale a company by yourself, so you should ensure you have the right team in place. This isn’t just about bringing on more employees. It’s about finding those few, highly specialized employees who can help you move the company forward.

Research from McKinsey found that the highest performers are 800 times more productive than average employees in the same role. Focus on finding and keeping the right staff of people who believe in the company’s mission.

My company started with me. I worked as hard as I could and made some great progress in the beginning, but a business can only reach a certain level with only one person. It started with one hire, then two, then three. Before long, I was surrounded by amazingly talented people, and the business started to grow beyond what I was able to achieve on my own.

You also need to focus on understanding your customers and maintaining quality customer service. As companies start to scale, maintaining a high level of customer service becomes increasingly difficult. Ensure you’re meeting your customers’ needs by creating standard operating procedures, automating what you can and investing in 24/7 live chat.

Scaling your business requires investing in technology and systems, which aren’t cheap. Even if you don’t need the funds yet, start identifying potential banks or online lenders where you can access a loan or ongoing line of credit. Finding the right financing opportunities allows you to build the infrastructure necessary to scale.

Forbes Finance Council is an invitation-only organization for executives in successful accounting, financial planning and wealth management firms. Do I qualify?

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