case study in kannada meaning

ಸೆಟ್ಟಿಂಗ್‌ಗಳು

ಪಠ್ಯ ಅನುವಾದ, ಅನುವಾದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶಗಳು, ಡಾಕ್ಯುಮೆಂಟ್ ಅನುವಾದ.

ವೆಬ್‌ಸೈಟ್ ಅನುವಾದ

URL ನಮೂದಿಸಿ

ಚಿತ್ರದ ಅನುವಾದ

Word Meaning India

Case study meaning in kannada ( case study ಅದರರ್ಥ ಏನು).

ಉದಾಹರಣಾ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ,

People Also Search:

Case study's usage examples:.

Control of pestiferous emergences of Chironomidae: A case study of Polypedilum nubifer.

It was replaced by the Marine Biology case study .

The Big Integer case study was in use prior to 2000.

A case study can be seen with the development of the Atlantic Ocean.

See alsoTimeline of San Jose, CaliforniaReferencesArbuckle, Clyde; Clyde Arbuckle's History of San Jose; 1985Pioneers who made a differenceSan Jose case study , part one, the urban growth boundaryNotes1Elmer E.

, descriptive-longitudinal case study ), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental.

The case study reveals, Divya Bhaskar.

(2010) Surahammar – a case study of the impacts of installing food waste disposers in fifty percent of households.

"Strontium isotope heterogeneities in amphibolite facies, banded metasediments: a case study from the.

"Colonials, bourgeoisies and media dynasties: A case study of Sri Lankan media" (PDF).

ReferencesExternal linksFormer Incredible Universe Employees Reunion websiteA case study about the store's real estate assets from retailtrafficmag.

ツンデレ属性と言語表現の関係―ツンデレ表現ケーススタディ― [Tsundere expression case study - of a tsundere attribute and the verbalization concerned] (PDF) (in Japanese).

Control of pestiferous emergences of Chironomidae: A case study of Polypedilum nubifer. It was replaced by the Marine Biology case study . The Big Integer case study was in use prior to 2000. A case study can be seen with the development of the Atlantic Ocean. See alsoTimeline of San Jose, CaliforniaReferencesArbuckle, Clyde; Clyde Arbuckle's History of San Jose; 1985Pioneers who made a differenceSan Jose case study , part one, the urban growth boundaryNotes1Elmer E. , descriptive-longitudinal case study ), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental. The case study reveals, Divya Bhaskar. (2010) Surahammar – a case study of the impacts of installing food waste disposers in fifty percent of households. "Strontium isotope heterogeneities in amphibolite facies, banded metasediments: a case study from the. "Colonials, bourgeoisies and media dynasties: A case study of Sri Lankan media" (PDF). ReferencesExternal linksFormer Incredible Universe Employees Reunion websiteA case study about the store's real estate assets from retailtrafficmag. ツンデレ属性と言語表現の関係―ツンデレ表現ケーススタディ― [Tsundere expression case study - of a tsundere attribute and the verbalization concerned] (PDF) (in Japanese).

survey, scrutiny, examination, resurvey,

inability, classicism, Romanticism, unrestraint, indiscipline,

case study 's Meaning in Other Sites

• Google Translate
• Merriam-Webster

Results for case study translation from English to Kannada

Computer translation.

Trying to learn how to translate from the human translation examples.

From: Machine Translation Suggest a better translation Quality:

Human contributions

From professional translators, enterprises, web pages and freely available translation repositories.

Add a translation

how the study

ಅಧ್ಯಯನವನ್ನು ಹೇಗೆ ನಡೆಸಲಾಯಿತು

Last Update: 2022-12-26 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

study title:

ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುವವರ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಹಾಳೆ:

Last Update: 2022-05-28 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

study of anuvamshiyathe

Last Update: 2019-01-11 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

c/study certificate

ಸಿ/ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರ

Last Update: 2022-01-04 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

study about anuvamshiyathe

anuvamshiyathe ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ

Last Update: 2020-03-21 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

work study method in hrm

hrm ನಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಲಸದ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ವಿಧಾನ

Last Update: 2021-03-05 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

to participate in research study

ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾಗವಹಿಸಲು ಸಮ್ಮತಿ

Last Update: 2024-06-25 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

aap kya karti ho study ya job

Last Update: 2020-09-14 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

principal investigator (study doctor):

ძირითადი გამომძიებელი (სასწავლო ექიმი):

Last Update: 2014-07-21 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

consent to participate in research study

ನಾನು, ದಿವ್ಯಾ. ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯ ಮೂಡುಬಿದಿರೆಯ ಆಳ್ವಾಸ್ ಫಿಸಿಯೋಥೆರಪಿಯ ಸ್ನಾತಕೋತ್ತರ ಫಿಸಿಯೋಥೆರಪಿ (ಮಸ್ಕ್ಯುಲೋಸ್ಕೆಲೆಟಲ್) ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ .

Last Update: 2024-06-20 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

why are you complete study kannada meaning

ನೀವು ಕನ್ನಡ ಅರ್ಥವನ್ನು ಏಕೆ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸಿದ್ದೀರಿ

Last Update: 2022-07-27 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

i can call you after finishing study hours

ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಸಮಯ ಮುಗಿದ ನಂತರ ನಾನು ನಿಮಗೆ ಕರೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇನೆ

Last Update: 2024-08-21 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

i study in class 6 in ryan international school

ನಾನು ರಿಯಾನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಯಾಷನಲ್ ಶಾಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ 6 ನೇ ತರಗತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಓದುತ್ತೇನೆ

Last Update: 2024-04-25 Usage Frequency: 5 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

you can copy from news paper or any book other than study

ನೀವು ಪ್ರತಿದಿನ ಕಲಿಯಬೇಕಾದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಭಾಷೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ 10 ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಬರೆಯಿರಿ

Last Update: 2024-01-09 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

neuron derived plasma exosomal proteins in alzheimer’s dementia: a case control study.

ಆಲ್ z ೈಮರ್ನ ಬುದ್ಧಿಮಾಂದ್ಯತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ನ್ಯೂರಾನ್ ಪಡೆದ ಪ್ಲಾಸ್ಮಾ ಎಕ್ಸೋಸೋಮಲ್ ಪ್ರೋಟೀನ್ಗಳು: ಒಂದು ಪ್ರಕರಣ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ.

Last Update: 2020-02-10 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

in my house me and my family study ,we play , eat ,sleep

ನನ್ನ ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಾವು ಓದುತ್ತೇವೆ, ಆಡುತ್ತೇವೆ, ತಿನ್ನುತ್ತೇವೆ, ಮಲಗುತ್ತೇವೆ

Last Update: 2021-10-11 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

we pray to god daily in the school for better lives and proper study

ಉತ್ತಮ ಜೀವನ ಮತ್ತು ಸರಿಯಾದ ಅಧ್ಯಯನಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಶಾಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರತಿದಿನ ದೇವರಿಗೆ ನಾವು ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥಿಸುತ್ತೇವೆ

Last Update: 2018-06-26 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

exploration of stakeholders facing ethical challenges to develop guidelines for the use of surplus biospecimens – a case series study

Last Update: 2021-04-01 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

sets whether the search is case sensitive

ಹುಡುಕು ಅಕ್ಷರಸ್ತರ ಸಂವೇದಿಯೇ ಅಲ್ಲವೇ ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ನಿಗದಿಗೊಳಿಸುತ್ತದೆ

Last Update: 2011-10-23 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

i mean different case for someone else maybe

ನನ್ನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಬೇರೊಬ್ಬರಿಗೆ ಬೇರೆ ಬೇರೆ ಪ್ರಕರಣ

Get a better translation with 7,930,243,496 human contributions

Users are now asking for help:.

Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) Dictionary English⇄Kannada

English to kannada & kannada to english dictionary.

Kannada Dictionary is a bilingual dictionary that translates words from English to Kannada or Kannada to English . It is a part of Language Networking, a social and educational initiative by KHANDBAHALE.COM, and is free and open to all for non-commercial use. It is recognised as an accurate and authentic language resource by scholars and experts and can also be downloaded as software and apps for multiple devices for online and offline use.

About the Kannada Language

Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ, [ˈkʌnːəɖa]) or Canarese, is a Dravidian language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas (Kannadigaru) and number roughly 38 million, is one of the 40 most spoken languages in the world. It is one of the scheduled languages of India and the official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka. It is also spoken in neighbouring states such as Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra, as well as by a significant number of people in the United Arab Emirates, United States, and other countries where Kannadigas have migrated. Kannada has a rich literary tradition dating back over a thousand years, with famous poets and writers such as Pampa, Ranna, and Kuvempu. The Kavirajamarga, written in the 9th century, is considered to be the earliest extant literary work in Kannada. The language also has a rich tradition in Folk literature, Yakshagana, and other performing arts. In terms of grammar, Kannada is an inflected language, meaning that the grammatical function of a word is indicated by its inflection, rather than by word order. It has a complex system of case markers and verb conjugations, as well as a rich system of particles that indicate various grammatical functions. Kannada script is called Kannada Lipi and it is one of the oldest scripts in the world, it is also considered as one of the most beautiful scripts among Indian scripts. In recent years, there has been a push to promote the use of Kannada in education and government, as well as to increase the visibility of Kannada culture in the media. Many Kannada language movements were formed in order to protect and promote the language. Kannada is an important language in South India, with a rich literary and cultural tradition. Its continued use and promotion are important for preserving the cultural heritage of the region, and for ensuring the linguistic rights of the Kannada-speaking people.

ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಭಾಷೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬಹಳ ಹಳೆಯದರಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದಾದ ಕನ್ನಡ ಭಾಷೆ/ನುಡಿಯನ್ನು ಅದರ ವಿವಿಧ ರೂಪಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಮಾರು ೪೫ ದಶಲಕ್ಷ ಜನರು ಆಡುನುಡಿಯಾಗಿ ಬಳಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಇದು ಭಾರತದ ೨೨ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಭಾಷೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು, ಹಾಗೂ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಅಧಿಕೃತ/ಸರಕಾರೀ ಭಾಷೆ.

How to type in Kannada?

Spoken In : Karnataka, Kasaragod, Kerala, Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. significant communities in USA, Australia, Singapore, UK, Mauritius, United Arab Emirates.

Native Speakers : 35 million (1997 census), 9 million as a second language.

Language family : Dravidian > Southern > Tamil–Kannada > Kannada–Badaga > Kannada

Writing system : Kannada script.

Official language in : Karnataka, India

Regulated by : Various academies and the Government of Karnataka (India)

Language codes : kn (ISO 639-1), kan (ISO 639-2, ISO 639-3)

The Kannada language is written using the Kannada script, which evolved from the 5th century Kadamba script. Kannada is attested epigraphically from about one and a half millennia, and literary Old Kannada flourished in the 6th century Ganga dynasty and during 9th century Rashtrakuta Dynasty. With an unbroken literary history of over a thousand years, the excellence of Kannada literature continues into the present day. Works of Kannada literature have received eight Jnanpith awards and fifty-six Sahitya Akademi awards. Based on the recommendations of the Committee of Linguistic Experts, appointed by the Ministry of Culture, the Government of India officially recognised Kannada as a classical language. In July 2011, a centre for the study of classical Kannada was established under the aegis of Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) at Mysore to facilitate research related to the language.

Kannada Language References

• "A Grammar of Kannada" by Harold F. Schiffman - This comprehensive grammar book provides a detailed analysis of the phonology, morphology, and syntax of Kannada. It is an essential resource for students and scholars of Kannada language and linguistics.
• "Kannada: An Essential Grammar" by Rajendra Aklekar - This book is a concise and user-friendly guide to the grammar of Kannada. It covers all the key grammatical structures of the language and is perfect for those who are looking for a quick and easy reference.
• "Kannada Literature: A History" by M.M. Kalburgi - This book provides a detailed overview of the history of Kannada literature, from its ancient roots to the present day. It covers the works of major poets and writers, as well as the cultural and historical context in which they were produced.
• "Kannada for Beginners" by Prabha Kannan - This book is a great resource for those who are new to Kannada language. It covers everything from basic grammar and vocabulary to reading and writing, and includes exercises and practice materials to help learners improve their skills.
• "Kannada-English Dictionary" by M. Chidanandamurthy - This comprehensive dictionary is a useful resource for anyone learning Kannada, with over 50,000 entries covering both Kannada-English and English-Kannada translations. It includes detailed explanations of grammar and usage, making it an essential tool for language learners.
• "Kannada-English Bilingual Children's Books: My First Kannada Words" by Tim Timmerman - This is a great resource for children who are learning Kannada as a second language. It is a collection of bilingual children's books that help teach the basics of Kannada vocabulary and grammar in a fun and interactive way.
• "Kannada Language in the Digital Age" by Rajendra Aklekar - This book looks at the ways in which technology is impacting the use and promotion of the Kannada language. It covers topics such as social media, machine translation, and text-to-speech, and provides insights into the challenges and opportunities facing the Kannada language in the digital age.
• Government: National Portal of India : india.gov.in
• Government of Karnataka : www.karnataka.gov.in www.karnataka.gov.in
• Wikipedia : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada_language
• The Karnataka official language act, 1963 – Karnataka Gazette (Extraordinary) Part IV-2A. Government of Karnataka. 1963. pp. 33.
• "The Karnataka Official Language Act" (PDF). Official website of Department of Parliamentary Affairs and Legislation. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
• "Declaration of Telugu and Kannada as classical languages". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
• "Classical Kannada, Antiquity of Kannada". Centre for classical Kannada. Central Institute for Indian Languages. Retrieved 20011-08-28.
• Kulli, Jayavant S (1991). History of grammatical theories in Kannada. Internationial School of Dravidian Linguistics
• Central Kannada Directorate regulates the use of Devanagari script and Kannada spelling in India. Source: Central Kannada Directorate: Introduction.
• Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2, Sahitya Akademi (1988), p1717, p 1474
• Literature in all Dravidian languages owes a great deal to Sanskrit, the magic wand whose touch raised each of the languages from a level of patois to that of a literary idiom". (Sastri 1955, p309).
• A Grammar of the Kannada Language. F. Kittel (1993), p. 3
•  › 

Create an account for 1,000 free characters of AI machine translation every month.

English to Kannada Translator

Translate from english to kannada.

Please enable JavaScript

Most Popular Phrases for English to Kannada Translation

Explore english to kannada language pair information, browse related dictionaries, popular language pairs for translation, newest language pairs.

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base

Methodology

• What Is a Case Study? | Definition, Examples & Methods

What Is a Case Study? | Definition, Examples & Methods

Published on May 8, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on November 20, 2023.

A case study is a detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. Case studies are commonly used in social, educational, clinical, and business research.

A case study research design usually involves qualitative methods , but quantitative methods are sometimes also used. Case studies are good for describing , comparing, evaluating and understanding different aspects of a research problem .

Table of contents

When to do a case study, step 1: select a case, step 2: build a theoretical framework, step 3: collect your data, step 4: describe and analyze the case, other interesting articles.

A case study is an appropriate research design when you want to gain concrete, contextual, in-depth knowledge about a specific real-world subject. It allows you to explore the key characteristics, meanings, and implications of the case.

Case studies are often a good choice in a thesis or dissertation . They keep your project focused and manageable when you don’t have the time or resources to do large-scale research.

You might use just one complex case study where you explore a single subject in depth, or conduct multiple case studies to compare and illuminate different aspects of your research problem.

Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services

Discover proofreading & editing

Once you have developed your problem statement and research questions , you should be ready to choose the specific case that you want to focus on. A good case study should have the potential to:

• Provide new or unexpected insights into the subject
• Challenge or complicate existing assumptions and theories
• Propose practical courses of action to resolve a problem
• Open up new directions for future research

TipIf your research is more practical in nature and aims to simultaneously investigate an issue as you solve it, consider conducting action research instead.

Unlike quantitative or experimental research , a strong case study does not require a random or representative sample. In fact, case studies often deliberately focus on unusual, neglected, or outlying cases which may shed new light on the research problem.

Example of an outlying case studyIn the 1960s the town of Roseto, Pennsylvania was discovered to have extremely low rates of heart disease compared to the US average. It became an important case study for understanding previously neglected causes of heart disease.

However, you can also choose a more common or representative case to exemplify a particular category, experience or phenomenon.

Example of a representative case studyIn the 1920s, two sociologists used Muncie, Indiana as a case study of a typical American city that supposedly exemplified the changing culture of the US at the time.

While case studies focus more on concrete details than general theories, they should usually have some connection with theory in the field. This way the case study is not just an isolated description, but is integrated into existing knowledge about the topic. It might aim to:

• Exemplify a theory by showing how it explains the case under investigation
• Expand on a theory by uncovering new concepts and ideas that need to be incorporated
• Challenge a theory by exploring an outlier case that doesn’t fit with established assumptions

To ensure that your analysis of the case has a solid academic grounding, you should conduct a literature review of sources related to the topic and develop a theoretical framework . This means identifying key concepts and theories to guide your analysis and interpretation.

There are many different research methods you can use to collect data on your subject. Case studies tend to focus on qualitative data using methods such as interviews , observations , and analysis of primary and secondary sources (e.g., newspaper articles, photographs, official records). Sometimes a case study will also collect quantitative data.

Example of a mixed methods case studyFor a case study of a wind farm development in a rural area, you could collect quantitative data on employment rates and business revenue, collect qualitative data on local people’s perceptions and experiences, and analyze local and national media coverage of the development.

The aim is to gain as thorough an understanding as possible of the case and its context.

In writing up the case study, you need to bring together all the relevant aspects to give as complete a picture as possible of the subject.

How you report your findings depends on the type of research you are doing. Some case studies are structured like a standard scientific paper or thesis , with separate sections or chapters for the methods , results and discussion .

Others are written in a more narrative style, aiming to explore the case from various angles and analyze its meanings and implications (for example, by using textual analysis or discourse analysis ).

In all cases, though, make sure to give contextual details about the case, connect it back to the literature and theory, and discuss how it fits into wider patterns or debates.

If you want to know more about statistics , methodology , or research bias , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Normal distribution
• Degrees of freedom
• Null hypothesis
• Discourse analysis
• Control groups
• Mixed methods research
• Non-probability sampling
• Quantitative research
• Ecological validity

Research bias

• Rosenthal effect
• Implicit bias
• Cognitive bias
• Selection bias
• Negativity bias
• Status quo bias

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

McCombes, S. (2023, November 20). What Is a Case Study? | Definition, Examples & Methods. Scribbr. Retrieved August 26, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/case-study/

Is this article helpful?

Shona McCombes

Other students also liked, primary vs. secondary sources | difference & examples, what is a theoretical framework | guide to organizing, what is action research | definition & examples, get unlimited documents corrected.

✔ Free APA citation check included ✔ Unlimited document corrections ✔ Specialized in correcting academic texts

• English - Kannada

Kannada Meaning of 'case'

Meaning of 'case', related phrases.

• glass-case 1. ಗಾಜಿನ ಬೀರು    2. ಗಾಜಿನ ಕಪಾಟು
• writing case ಲೇಖನಸಾಮಗ್ರಿ ಸಂಪುಟ
• leading case 1. ದೃಷ್ಟಾಂತ-ವ್ಯಾಜ್ಯ    2. ಮೊಕದ್ದಮೆ    3. ನಿದರ್ಶನ ಮೊಕದ್ದಮೆ
• letter-case 1. ಕಿಸೆ ಪುಸ್ತಕ    2. ವ್ಯವಹಾರದ ಕಾಗದ ಯಾ ಪತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ಇಟ್ಟುಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ಪಾಕೆಟ್ ಬುಕ್ಕು
• special case 1. ವಿಶೇಷ ಹೇಳಿಕೆ    2. ವಾದಿಗಳು    3. ವಿಶೇಷ ನಿದರ್ಶನ
• fiddle-case ಪಿಟೀಲು ಪೆಟ್ಟಿಗೆ
• watch-case 1. ಗಡಿಯಾರದ ಹೊರಗಿನ ಕವಚ    2. ಕೋಶ
• case law ಹಿಂತೀರ್ಪು ನ್ಯಾಯ
• wing-case ರೆಕ್ಕೆ ಕವಚ
• slip-case 1. ಗ್ರಂಥ ಸಂಪುಟ    2. ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಪೆಟ್ಟಿಗೆ

Browse English to Kannada Words

Search english to kannada dictionary.

• Learn English Online Classes
• Learn Foreign Languages
• Learn Indian Languages
• Live Online Classes for Kids
• See Other Live Online Classes
• Books to Learn French
• Books to learn Spanish
• Books to learn German
• Books to learn Chinese
• Books to learn Japanese
• Books to learn Korean
• Books to learn Portuguese
• Books to learn Persian
• Books to learn Tibetan
• Books to learn Italian
• Books to learn Russian
• Best Books to learn Arabic from in 2021
• English Dictionary
• English – Hindi Dictionary
• English – Kannada Dictionary
• English – Telugu Dictionary
• English – Tamil Dictionary
• Learn English Articles
• Learn Hindi Articles
• Learn Kannada Articles
• Learn Tamil Articles
• Learn Gujarati Articles
• Translation Services
• Localization Services
• Voice Over Services
• Transcription Services
• Digital Marketing Services
• Vernacular Language Service Offerings
• Case Studies
• For Business / Enterprises

study meaning in Kannada | study ನ ಕನ್ನಡ ಅರ್ಥ

study  ಅಧ್ಯಯನ

study =  ಅಧ್ಯಯನ

Pronunciation  =  🔊 bb1.onclick = function(){ if(responsivevoice.isplaying()){ responsivevoice.cancel(); }else{ responsivevoice.speak("study", "uk english female"); } }; study, pronunciation in kannada  =  ಸ್ಟಡಿ, study  in kannada : ಅಧ್ಯಯನ, part of speech :  noun  , definition in english : a detailed critical inspection , definition in  kannada : ವಿವರವಾದ ನಿರ್ಣಾಯಕ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ, examples in english :.

• The study of science has enriched all our lives.

Examples in Kannada :

• ವಿಜ್ಞಾನದ ಅಧ್ಯಯನವು ನಮ್ಮ ಜೀವನವನ್ನು ಸಮೃದ್ಧಗೊಳಿಸಿದೆ.

Synonyms of study

Antonyms of study

About English Kannada Dictionary

Multibhashi’s Kannada-English Dictionary will help you find the meaning of different words from Kannada to English like the meaning of Soundaryapremi meaning of Kalatmaka and from English to Kannada like awesome meaning in Kannada, the meaning of Aesthetic, the meaning of ornamental, etc. Use this free dictionary to get the definition of friend in Kannada and also the definition of friend in English. Also see the translation in Kannada or translation in English, synonyms, antonyms, related words, image and pronunciation for helping spoken English improvement or spoken Kannada improvement.

About English Language

English is one of the most widely spoken languages across the globe and a common language of choice for people from different backgrounds trying to communicate with each other. This is the reason why English is the second language learned by most of the people.

About the Kannada Language

Kannada is a Southern-Dravidian Language also known as ‘Canarese’ or ‘Kanarese’.It is the most widely spoken language in the state of Karnataka and also to some extent in the other Southern states of India, like Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. It also has its reach in parts of Maharashtra as well as Goa. The people speaking this language are known as ‘Kannadigas’ or ‘Kannadigaru’ in the native language. Kannada is the official administrative language of Karnataka.

• Privacy Policy

Home » Case Study – Methods, Examples and Guide

Case Study – Methods, Examples and Guide

Table of Contents

A case study is a research method that involves an in-depth examination and analysis of a particular phenomenon or case, such as an individual, organization, community, event, or situation.

It is a qualitative research approach that aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the case being studied. Case studies typically involve multiple sources of data, including interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts, which are analyzed using various techniques, such as content analysis, thematic analysis, and grounded theory. The findings of a case study are often used to develop theories, inform policy or practice, or generate new research questions.

Types of Case Study

Types and Methods of Case Study are as follows:

Single-Case Study

A single-case study is an in-depth analysis of a single case. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to understand a specific phenomenon in detail.

For Example , A researcher might conduct a single-case study on a particular individual to understand their experiences with a particular health condition or a specific organization to explore their management practices. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as content analysis or thematic analysis. The findings of a single-case study are often used to generate new research questions, develop theories, or inform policy or practice.

Multiple-Case Study

A multiple-case study involves the analysis of several cases that are similar in nature. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to identify similarities and differences between the cases.

For Example, a researcher might conduct a multiple-case study on several companies to explore the factors that contribute to their success or failure. The researcher collects data from each case, compares and contrasts the findings, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as comparative analysis or pattern-matching. The findings of a multiple-case study can be used to develop theories, inform policy or practice, or generate new research questions.

Exploratory Case Study

An exploratory case study is used to explore a new or understudied phenomenon. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to generate hypotheses or theories about the phenomenon.

For Example, a researcher might conduct an exploratory case study on a new technology to understand its potential impact on society. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as grounded theory or content analysis. The findings of an exploratory case study can be used to generate new research questions, develop theories, or inform policy or practice.

Descriptive Case Study

A descriptive case study is used to describe a particular phenomenon in detail. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to provide a comprehensive account of the phenomenon.

For Example, a researcher might conduct a descriptive case study on a particular community to understand its social and economic characteristics. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as content analysis or thematic analysis. The findings of a descriptive case study can be used to inform policy or practice or generate new research questions.

Instrumental Case Study

An instrumental case study is used to understand a particular phenomenon that is instrumental in achieving a particular goal. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to understand the role of the phenomenon in achieving the goal.

For Example, a researcher might conduct an instrumental case study on a particular policy to understand its impact on achieving a particular goal, such as reducing poverty. The researcher collects data from multiple sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents, and uses various techniques to analyze the data, such as content analysis or thematic analysis. The findings of an instrumental case study can be used to inform policy or practice or generate new research questions.

Case Study Data Collection Methods

Here are some common data collection methods for case studies:

Interviews involve asking questions to individuals who have knowledge or experience relevant to the case study. Interviews can be structured (where the same questions are asked to all participants) or unstructured (where the interviewer follows up on the responses with further questions). Interviews can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video conferencing.

Observations

Observations involve watching and recording the behavior and activities of individuals or groups relevant to the case study. Observations can be participant (where the researcher actively participates in the activities) or non-participant (where the researcher observes from a distance). Observations can be recorded using notes, audio or video recordings, or photographs.

Documents can be used as a source of information for case studies. Documents can include reports, memos, emails, letters, and other written materials related to the case study. Documents can be collected from the case study participants or from public sources.

Surveys involve asking a set of questions to a sample of individuals relevant to the case study. Surveys can be administered in person, over the phone, through mail or email, or online. Surveys can be used to gather information on attitudes, opinions, or behaviors related to the case study.

Artifacts are physical objects relevant to the case study. Artifacts can include tools, equipment, products, or other objects that provide insights into the case study phenomenon.

How to conduct Case Study Research

Conducting a case study research involves several steps that need to be followed to ensure the quality and rigor of the study. Here are the steps to conduct case study research:

• Define the research questions: The first step in conducting a case study research is to define the research questions. The research questions should be specific, measurable, and relevant to the case study phenomenon under investigation.
• Select the case: The next step is to select the case or cases to be studied. The case should be relevant to the research questions and should provide rich and diverse data that can be used to answer the research questions.
• Collect data: Data can be collected using various methods, such as interviews, observations, documents, surveys, and artifacts. The data collection method should be selected based on the research questions and the nature of the case study phenomenon.
• Analyze the data: The data collected from the case study should be analyzed using various techniques, such as content analysis, thematic analysis, or grounded theory. The analysis should be guided by the research questions and should aim to provide insights and conclusions relevant to the research questions.
• Draw conclusions: The conclusions drawn from the case study should be based on the data analysis and should be relevant to the research questions. The conclusions should be supported by evidence and should be clearly stated.
• Validate the findings: The findings of the case study should be validated by reviewing the data and the analysis with participants or other experts in the field. This helps to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.
• Write the report: The final step is to write the report of the case study research. The report should provide a clear description of the case study phenomenon, the research questions, the data collection methods, the data analysis, the findings, and the conclusions. The report should be written in a clear and concise manner and should follow the guidelines for academic writing.

Examples of Case Study

Here are some examples of case study research:

• The Hawthorne Studies : Conducted between 1924 and 1932, the Hawthorne Studies were a series of case studies conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues to examine the impact of work environment on employee productivity. The studies were conducted at the Hawthorne Works plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago and included interviews, observations, and experiments.
• The Stanford Prison Experiment: Conducted in 1971, the Stanford Prison Experiment was a case study conducted by Philip Zimbardo to examine the psychological effects of power and authority. The study involved simulating a prison environment and assigning participants to the role of guards or prisoners. The study was controversial due to the ethical issues it raised.
• The Challenger Disaster: The Challenger Disaster was a case study conducted to examine the causes of the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986. The study included interviews, observations, and analysis of data to identify the technical, organizational, and cultural factors that contributed to the disaster.
• The Enron Scandal: The Enron Scandal was a case study conducted to examine the causes of the Enron Corporation’s bankruptcy in 2001. The study included interviews, analysis of financial data, and review of documents to identify the accounting practices, corporate culture, and ethical issues that led to the company’s downfall.
• The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster : The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster was a case study conducted to examine the causes of the nuclear accident that occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan in 2011. The study included interviews, analysis of data, and review of documents to identify the technical, organizational, and cultural factors that contributed to the disaster.

Application of Case Study

Case studies have a wide range of applications across various fields and industries. Here are some examples:

Business and Management

Case studies are widely used in business and management to examine real-life situations and develop problem-solving skills. Case studies can help students and professionals to develop a deep understanding of business concepts, theories, and best practices.

Case studies are used in healthcare to examine patient care, treatment options, and outcomes. Case studies can help healthcare professionals to develop critical thinking skills, diagnose complex medical conditions, and develop effective treatment plans.

Case studies are used in education to examine teaching and learning practices. Case studies can help educators to develop effective teaching strategies, evaluate student progress, and identify areas for improvement.

Social Sciences

Case studies are widely used in social sciences to examine human behavior, social phenomena, and cultural practices. Case studies can help researchers to develop theories, test hypotheses, and gain insights into complex social issues.

Law and Ethics

Case studies are used in law and ethics to examine legal and ethical dilemmas. Case studies can help lawyers, policymakers, and ethical professionals to develop critical thinking skills, analyze complex cases, and make informed decisions.

Purpose of Case Study

The purpose of a case study is to provide a detailed analysis of a specific phenomenon, issue, or problem in its real-life context. A case study is a qualitative research method that involves the in-depth exploration and analysis of a particular case, which can be an individual, group, organization, event, or community.

The primary purpose of a case study is to generate a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the case, including its history, context, and dynamics. Case studies can help researchers to identify and examine the underlying factors, processes, and mechanisms that contribute to the case and its outcomes. This can help to develop a more accurate and detailed understanding of the case, which can inform future research, practice, or policy.

Case studies can also serve other purposes, including:

• Illustrating a theory or concept: Case studies can be used to illustrate and explain theoretical concepts and frameworks, providing concrete examples of how they can be applied in real-life situations.
• Developing hypotheses: Case studies can help to generate hypotheses about the causal relationships between different factors and outcomes, which can be tested through further research.
• Providing insight into complex issues: Case studies can provide insights into complex and multifaceted issues, which may be difficult to understand through other research methods.
• Informing practice or policy: Case studies can be used to inform practice or policy by identifying best practices, lessons learned, or areas for improvement.

Advantages of Case Study Research

There are several advantages of case study research, including:

• In-depth exploration: Case study research allows for a detailed exploration and analysis of a specific phenomenon, issue, or problem in its real-life context. This can provide a comprehensive understanding of the case and its dynamics, which may not be possible through other research methods.
• Rich data: Case study research can generate rich and detailed data, including qualitative data such as interviews, observations, and documents. This can provide a nuanced understanding of the case and its complexity.
• Holistic perspective: Case study research allows for a holistic perspective of the case, taking into account the various factors, processes, and mechanisms that contribute to the case and its outcomes. This can help to develop a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the case.
• Theory development: Case study research can help to develop and refine theories and concepts by providing empirical evidence and concrete examples of how they can be applied in real-life situations.
• Practical application: Case study research can inform practice or policy by identifying best practices, lessons learned, or areas for improvement.
• Contextualization: Case study research takes into account the specific context in which the case is situated, which can help to understand how the case is influenced by the social, cultural, and historical factors of its environment.

Limitations of Case Study Research

There are several limitations of case study research, including:

• Limited generalizability : Case studies are typically focused on a single case or a small number of cases, which limits the generalizability of the findings. The unique characteristics of the case may not be applicable to other contexts or populations, which may limit the external validity of the research.
• Biased sampling: Case studies may rely on purposive or convenience sampling, which can introduce bias into the sample selection process. This may limit the representativeness of the sample and the generalizability of the findings.
• Subjectivity: Case studies rely on the interpretation of the researcher, which can introduce subjectivity into the analysis. The researcher’s own biases, assumptions, and perspectives may influence the findings, which may limit the objectivity of the research.
• Limited control: Case studies are typically conducted in naturalistic settings, which limits the control that the researcher has over the environment and the variables being studied. This may limit the ability to establish causal relationships between variables.
• Time-consuming: Case studies can be time-consuming to conduct, as they typically involve a detailed exploration and analysis of a specific case. This may limit the feasibility of conducting multiple case studies or conducting case studies in a timely manner.
• Resource-intensive: Case studies may require significant resources, including time, funding, and expertise. This may limit the ability of researchers to conduct case studies in resource-constrained settings.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

You may also like

Transformative Design – Methods, Types, Guide

Observational Research – Methods and Guide

One-to-One Interview – Methods and Guide

Triangulation in Research – Types, Methods and...

Correlational Research – Methods, Types and...

Exploratory Research – Types, Methods and...

English Kannada Dictionary | ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಶ್ ಕನ್ನಡ ನಿಘಂಟು

The keyboard uses the ISCII layout developed by the Government of India. It is also used in Windows, Apple and other systems. There is a base layout, and an alternative layout when the Shift key is pressed. If you have any questions about it, please contact us.

• Pronunciation
• Word Network
• Conjugation
• Inflections
• More matches
• Word Finder

study - Meaning in Kannada

• ಒಂದು ವಿಷಯದ ಕಲಿಕೆ -1

study Word Forms & Inflections

Definitions and meaning of study in english.

survey , survey

ಅವಲೋಕನ , ನಿರೀಕ್ಷಣೆ , ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ , ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ , ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ , ವಿಚಾರಣೆ

• "he made several studies before starting to paint"
• "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study"
• "she is in a deep study"

work , work

• "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"
• "no schools offer graduate study in interior design"
• "after much cogitation he rejected the offer"

bailiwick , discipline , field of study , field , field , subject area , subject field , subject

• "anthropology is the study of human beings"
• "in what discipline is his doctorate?"
• "teachers should be well trained in their subject"
• "a study in spiccato bowing"

report , report , written report

• "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
• "he is a quick study"

learn , read , read , take

• "She is reading for the bar exam"
• hit the books
• "He is studying geology in his room"
• "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now"
• analyse , analyze , canvass , examine
• "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"
• "analyze the evidence in a criminal trial"
• "analyze your real motives"
• contemplate , meditate
• "He is meditating in his study"
• "consider the possibility of moving"

Synonyms of study

• bailiwick , discipline , field , field of study , subject , subject area , subject field
• report , written report
• learn , read , take

More matches for study

What is another word for study ?

Sentences with the word study

Words that rhyme with study

English Kannada Translator

Words starting with

What is study meaning in kannada.

Other languages: study meaning in Hindi

Tags for the entry "study"

What is study meaning in Kannada, study translation in Kannada, study definition, pronunciations and examples of study in Kannada.

SHABDKOSH Apps

Ad-free experience & much more

Homophones vs Homographs vs Homonyms

Punctuation marks

Using simple present tense

Our Apps are nice too!

Dictionary. Translation. Vocabulary. Games. Quotes. Forums. Lists. And more...

Vocabulary & Quizzes

Try our vocabulary lists and quizzes.

Vocabulary Lists

We provide a facility to save words in lists.

Basic Word Lists

Custom word lists.

You can create your own lists to words based on topics.

Login/Register

To manage lists, a member account is necessary.

Share with friends

Social sign-in.

Translation

If you want to access full services of shabdkosh.com

Please help Us by disabling your ad blockers.

or try our SHABDKOSH Premium for ads free experience.

Steps to disable Ads Blockers.

• Click on ad blocker extension icon from browser's toolbar.
• Choose the option that disables or pauses Ad blocker on this page.
• Refresh the page.

Spelling Bee

Hear the words in multiple accents and then enter the spelling. The games gets challenging as you succeed and gets easier if you find the words not so easy.

The game will show the clue or a hint to describe the word which you have to guess. It’s our way of making the classic hangman game!

Antonym Match

Choose the right opposite word from a choice of four possible words. We have thousand of antonym words to play!

Language Resources

Get our apps, keep in touch.

• © 2024 SHABDKOSH.COM, All Rights Reserved.
• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy

Liked Words

Shabdkosh Premium

Try SHABDKOSH Premium and get

• Ad free experience.
• No limit on translation.
• Bilingual synonyms translations.
• Access to all Vocabulary Lists and Quizzes.
• Copy meanings.

Already a Premium user?

IndiaDict's Kannada to English Dictionary

It lets you search and get English meaning of a Kannada word in less than a few seconds.

As you may know, millions of Kannada speaking people in India and around the world are looking for Kannada to English online dictionary , So, here at IndiaDict, we proud to provide you the best and free Kannada to English dictionary here.

Just type your Kannada word and IndiaDict will bring you the English meaning of the word. Totally, there are millions of words and their meanings in our Kannada-English dictionary.

One more advantage of using our dictionary is that you can make your own dictionary by adding/marking each searched word to your dictionary. So that you maintain the list of words you previously searched for. This option is available only after logging in.

Word of the day

Registered Users Login

New User Registration

English to Indian

Indian to english, so, we kindly request you to disable ad blocker to use our service. thanks for your understanding.

A Glossary of Distress Expressions Among Kannada-Speaking Urban Hindu Women

• Original Article
• Published: 07 February 2024
• Volume 48 , pages 367–383, ( 2024 )

Cite this article

• Lesley Jo Weaver   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8104-0511 1   na1 ,
• Shivamma Nanjaiah 2   na1 ,
• Fazila Begum 2 ,
• Nagalambika Ningaiah 2 ,
• Karl Krupp 2 , 3 &
• Purnima Madhivanan 2 , 3  

127 Accesses

Explore all metrics

People’s lived experiences of distress are complex, personal, and vary widely across cultures. So, too, do the terms and expressions people use to describe distress. This variation presents an engaging challenge for those doing intercultural work in transcultural psychiatry, global mental health, and psychological anthropology. This article details the findings of a study of common distress terminology among 63 Kannada-speaking Hindu women living in Mysuru, the second largest city in the state of Karnataka, South India. Very little existing scholarship focuses on cultural adaptation for speakers of Dravidian languages like Kannada; this study aims to fill this gap and support greater representation of this linguistic family in research on mental health, idioms of distress, and distress terminology. Between 2018 and 2019, we conducted a 3-phase study consisting of interviews, data reduction, and focus group discussions. The goal was to produce a non-exhaustive list of common Kannada distress terms that could be used in future research and practice to translate and culturally adapt mental health symptom scales or other global mental health tools.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save.

• Get 10 units per month
• Download Article/Chapter or eBook
• 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
• Cancel anytime

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

“my heart die in me”: idioms of distress and the development of a screening tool for mental suffering in southeast liberia.

A qualitative study of cultural concepts of distress among Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

A Point in the Heart : Concepts of Emotional Distress Among Albanian-Speaking Immigrants in Switzerland

Explore related subjects.

• Medical Ethics

British and American English are the two most common sources of English words in Indian languages; the former due to colonialism and its legacies, and the latter largely due to media-driven globalization.

There are many situations in which possession is a positively valued state, as in certain temple settings or during particular rituals. In these conversations, women were referring to the more negative versions of possession.

Abramowitz, S. A. (2010). Trauma and humanitarian translation in Liberia: The tale of open mole. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 34 , 353–379.

Article   Google Scholar  

Anukriti, S., Herrera-Almanza, C., Pathak, P. K., & Karra, M. (2020). Curse of the Mummy-Ji: the influence of mothers-in-law on women in India. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 102 (5), 1328–1351.

Atal, S., & Foster, J. (2021). “A woman’s life is tension”: A gendered analysis of women’s distress in poor urban India. Transcultural Psychiatry, 58 (3), 404–413.

Bernal, G., & Adames, C. (2017). Cultural adaptations: Conceptual, ethical, contextual, and methodological issues for working with ethnocultural and majority-world populations. Prevention Science, 18 (6), 681–688.

Borsa, J. C., Damásio, B. F., & Bandeira, D. R. (2012). Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of psychological instruments: Some considerations. Paidéia (ribeirão Preto), 22 , 423–432.

Crowder, M. K., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2018). Cultural differences in shame and guilt as understandable reasons for suicide. Psychological Reports, 121 (3), 396–429.

Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., Purgato, M., & Barbui, C. (2018). Psychotherapies for depression in low-and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis. World Psychiatry, 17 (1), 90–101.

Dandona, R., Kumar, G. A., Dhaliwal, R. S., Naghavi, M., Vos, T., Shukla, D. K., ... & Dandona, L. (2018). Gender differentials and state variations in suicide deaths in India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Public Health , 3 (10), e478-e489.

Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing . Oxford University Press.

Book   Google Scholar  

Halliburton, M. (2005). “Just some spirits”: The erosion of spirit possession and the rise of “tension” in South India. Medical Anthropology, 24 (2), 111–144.

Inter-Agency Standing Committee. (2006). IASC guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support in emergency settings. Geneva, Switzerland: IASC 2006.

Kar, S. K., Menon, V., Arafat, S. Y., Singh, A., Das, A., Shankar, A., & Perera, S. (2021). Dhat syndrome: Systematic review of epidemiology, nosology, clinical features, and management strategies. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 65 , 102863.

Kohrt, B. A., Luitel, N. P., Acharya, P., & Jordans, M. J. (2016). Detection of depression in low resource settings: validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and cultural concepts of distress in Nepal. BMC Psychiatry, 16 , 1–14.

Kothari, R., & Snell, R. (Eds.). (2011). Chutnefying English: The phenomenon of Hinglish . Penguin Books.

Google Scholar  

Lang, C., & Jansen, E. (2013). Appropriating depression: biomedicalizing ayurvedic psychiatry in Kerala, India. Medical Anthropology, 32 (1), 25–45.

Lewis-Fernández, R., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2019). Cultural concepts of distress and psychiatric disorders: Understanding symptom experience and expression in context. Transcultural Psychiatry, 56 (4), 786–803.

Maitra, S., Brault, M. A., Schensul, S. L., Schensul, J. J., Nastasi, B. K., Verma, R. K., & Burleson, J. A. (2015). An approach to mental health in low-and middle-income countries: a case example from urban India. International Journal of Mental Health, 44 (3), 215–230.

McKown, S., Acquadro, C., Anfray, C., Arnold, B., Eremenco, S., Giroudet, C., & Weiss, D. (2020). Good practices for the translation, cultural adaptation, and linguistic validation of clinician-reported outcome, observer-reported outcome, and performance outcome measures. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 4 (1), 1–8.

Mehta, N. (2011). Mind-body dualism: A critique from a health perspective. Mens Sana Monographs, 9 (1), 202.

Meili, I., & Maercker, A. (2019). Cultural perspectives on positive responses to extreme adversity: A playing field for metaphors. Transcultural Psychiatry, 56 (5), 1056–1075.

Mendenhall, E. (2019). Rethinking diabetes: Entanglements with trauma, poverty, and HIV . Cornell University Press.

Nichter, M. (1981). Idioms of distress: Alternatives in the expression of psychosocial distress: A case study from South India. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 5 (4), 379–408.

Nichter, M. (2010). Idioms of distress revisited. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 34 , 401–416.

Pereira, B., Andrew, G., Pednekar, S., Pai, R., Pelto, P., & Patel, V. (2007). The explanatory models of depression in low income countries: Listening to women in India. Journal of Affective Disorders, 102 (1–3), 209–218.

Raguram, R. D. P. M., Weiss, M. G., Channabasavanna, S. M., & Devins, G. M. (1996). Stigma, depression, and somatization in South India. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153 (8), 1043–1049.

Roberts, T., Shrivastava, R., Koschorke, M., Patel, V., Shidhaye, R., & Rathod, S. D. (2020). “Is there a medicine for these tensions?” Barriers to treatment-seeking for depressive symptoms in rural India: A qualitative study. Social Science & Medicine , 246 , 112741.

Robitaille, M. C., & Chatterjee, I. (2017). Mothers-in-law and son preference in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 52 (6), 42–50.

Snell-Rood, C. (2015). No one will let her live: Women’s struggle for well-being in a Delhi slum . University of California Press.

Snodgrass, J. G., Dengah, H. F., Polzer, E., & Else, R. (2019). Intensive online videogame involvement: A new global idiom of wellness and distress. Transcultural Psychiatry, 56 (4), 748–774.

Solomon, H. (2016). Metabolic living: Food, fat, and the absorption of illness in India . Duke University Press.

Thirunavukarasu, M., & Thirunavukarasu, P. (2010). Training and national deficit of psychiatrists in India–A critical analysis. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 52 (Suppl1), S83.

Udina, M., Foulon, H., Valdés, M., Bhattacharyya, S., & Martín-Santos, R. (2013). Dhat syndrome: A systematic review. Psychosomatics , 54 (3), 212–218.

Wahid, S. S., Sarker, M., Arafat, A. E., Apu, A. R., & Kohrt, B. A. (2021). Tension and other Idioms of distress among slum Dwelling young men: A qualitative study of depression in urban Bangladesh. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 46 , 1–33.

Weaver, L. J. (2017). Tension among women in North India: An idiom of distress and a cultural syndrome. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 41 (1), 35–55.

Weaver, L. J., & Karasz, A. (2022). “Tension” and distress in South Asia: A systematic literature review. SSM-Mental Health, 2 , 100092.

Weaver, L. J., Krupp, K., & Madhivanan, P. (2022). The hair in the garland: Hair loss and social stress among women in South India. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 46 (2), 456–474.

White, R. G., Fay, R., Chiumento, A., Giurgi-Oncu, C., & Phipps, A. (2022). Communication about distress and well-being: Epistemic and ethical considerations. Transcultural Psychiatry, 59 (4), 413–424.

Download references

Funding was provided by University of Oregon.

Author information

Lesley Jo Weaver and Shivamma Nanjaiah are equal first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

Department of Global Studies, University of Oregon, 114 Friendly Hall, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA

Lesley Jo Weaver

Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysuru, India

Shivamma Nanjaiah, Fazila Begum, Nagalambika Ningaiah, Karl Krupp & Purnima Madhivanan

Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA

Karl Krupp & Purnima Madhivanan

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lesley Jo Weaver .

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest.

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the first author’s USA-based institutional review board, with the co-first-author’s India-based institutional ethics review board, and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All study participants gave full informed consent prior to participation.

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Weaver, L.J., Nanjaiah, S., Begum, F. et al. A Glossary of Distress Expressions Among Kannada-Speaking Urban Hindu Women. Cult Med Psychiatry 48 , 367–383 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-023-09843-3

Download citation

Accepted : 05 December 2023

Published : 07 February 2024

Issue Date : June 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-023-09843-3

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Idioms of distress
• Mental health
• Cultural adaptation
• Find a journal
• Publish with us
• Track your research