strong thesis vs weak thesis

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Developing Strong Thesis Statements

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The thesis statement or main claim must be debatable

An argumentative or persuasive piece of writing must begin with a debatable thesis or claim. In other words, the thesis must be something that people could reasonably have differing opinions on. If your thesis is something that is generally agreed upon or accepted as fact then there is no reason to try to persuade people.

Example of a non-debatable thesis statement:

This thesis statement is not debatable. First, the word pollution implies that something is bad or negative in some way. Furthermore, all studies agree that pollution is a problem; they simply disagree on the impact it will have or the scope of the problem. No one could reasonably argue that pollution is unambiguously good.

Example of a debatable thesis statement:

This is an example of a debatable thesis because reasonable people could disagree with it. Some people might think that this is how we should spend the nation's money. Others might feel that we should be spending more money on education. Still others could argue that corporations, not the government, should be paying to limit pollution.

Another example of a debatable thesis statement:

In this example there is also room for disagreement between rational individuals. Some citizens might think focusing on recycling programs rather than private automobiles is the most effective strategy.

The thesis needs to be narrow

Although the scope of your paper might seem overwhelming at the start, generally the narrower the thesis the more effective your argument will be. Your thesis or claim must be supported by evidence. The broader your claim is, the more evidence you will need to convince readers that your position is right.

Example of a thesis that is too broad:

There are several reasons this statement is too broad to argue. First, what is included in the category "drugs"? Is the author talking about illegal drug use, recreational drug use (which might include alcohol and cigarettes), or all uses of medication in general? Second, in what ways are drugs detrimental? Is drug use causing deaths (and is the author equating deaths from overdoses and deaths from drug related violence)? Is drug use changing the moral climate or causing the economy to decline? Finally, what does the author mean by "society"? Is the author referring only to America or to the global population? Does the author make any distinction between the effects on children and adults? There are just too many questions that the claim leaves open. The author could not cover all of the topics listed above, yet the generality of the claim leaves all of these possibilities open to debate.

Example of a narrow or focused thesis:

In this example the topic of drugs has been narrowed down to illegal drugs and the detriment has been narrowed down to gang violence. This is a much more manageable topic.

We could narrow each debatable thesis from the previous examples in the following way:

Narrowed debatable thesis 1:

This thesis narrows the scope of the argument by specifying not just the amount of money used but also how the money could actually help to control pollution.

Narrowed debatable thesis 2:

This thesis narrows the scope of the argument by specifying not just what the focus of a national anti-pollution campaign should be but also why this is the appropriate focus.

Qualifiers such as " typically ," " generally ," " usually ," or " on average " also help to limit the scope of your claim by allowing for the almost inevitable exception to the rule.

Types of claims

Claims typically fall into one of four categories. Thinking about how you want to approach your topic, or, in other words, what type of claim you want to make, is one way to focus your thesis on one particular aspect of your broader topic.

Claims of fact or definition: These claims argue about what the definition of something is or whether something is a settled fact. Example:

Claims of cause and effect: These claims argue that one person, thing, or event caused another thing or event to occur. Example:

Claims about value: These are claims made of what something is worth, whether we value it or not, how we would rate or categorize something. Example:

Claims about solutions or policies: These are claims that argue for or against a certain solution or policy approach to a problem. Example:

Which type of claim is right for your argument? Which type of thesis or claim you use for your argument will depend on your position and knowledge of the topic, your audience, and the context of your paper. You might want to think about where you imagine your audience to be on this topic and pinpoint where you think the biggest difference in viewpoints might be. Even if you start with one type of claim you probably will be using several within the paper. Regardless of the type of claim you choose to utilize it is key to identify the controversy or debate you are addressing and to define your position early on in the paper.

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Refining thesis statements, what makes for an effective thesis.

In an effort to make our handouts more accessible, we have begun converting our PDF handouts to web pages. Download this page as a PDF: Refining Thesis Statements Return to Writing Studio Handouts

An effective thesis should be argumentative and controversial (i.e., if you could make a plausible case against your thesis, it is probably an argument), something not immediately obvious which you can persuade a reader to believe through the evidence in the body of your paper.

A strong thesis statement answers a specific question and takes a distinct position on the topic, is focused, and allows the reader to anticipate the organization of the argument to follow.

A weak thesis statement is vague (identifies a topic but does not specify an argument), offers plot summary or is a statement of fact, is un-provable, or does not give the reader a sense of why the argument is important.

Look over the two example thesis statements below. Consider and name how each of the progressively refined versions matches the criteria offered above.

Example Thesis A

Version 1: Marge Simpson is important to the plot of The Simpsons.

Version 2:  Marge Simpson is important to The Simpsons because she fulfills a significant family role as a mother and housewife.

Version 3:  Marge Simpson is important to The Simpsons because she fulfills a significant family role as a teacher and caregiver to her husband and children.

Version 4:  While Marge Simpson may be a model caregiver for her family, she is a different sort of model for her audience.

Version 5:  Despite her role as a seemingly submissive housewife and mother, Marge Simpson comes to function for the audience of The Simpsons as a subversive force against “middle class” values.

Example Thesis B

Version 1:  Eating disorders are a significant problem among college-aged students.

Version 2:  Eating disorders are a significant problem among college-aged men because they negatively affect academic performance, socializing, and overall psychological well-being.

Version 3:  Eating disorders among college-aged men are overshadowed by a focus on eating disorders among college-aged women.

Version 4:  Eating disorders among college-aged men are overshadowed by a focus on eating disorders among college-aged women; people don’t notice this because an eating disorder is typically considered a women’s disease and is stigmatized as such.

Version 5: Lack of attention to eating disorders among college-aged men not only leaves this group of students untreated, but also exacerbates feelings of isolation associated with this disease.

This handout was originally produced by Jane Wanninger, Graduate Student, Department of English, Vanderbilt University

Last revised: 07/2009 | Adapted for web delivery: 04/2021

In order to access certain content on this page, you may need to download Adobe Acrobat Reader or an equivalent PDF viewer software.

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How to write a thesis statement, what is a thesis statement.

Almost all of us—even if we don’t do it consciously—look early in an essay for a one- or two-sentence condensation of the argument or analysis that is to follow. We refer to that condensation as a thesis statement.

Why Should Your Essay Contain a Thesis Statement?

• to test your ideas by distilling them into a sentence or two
• to better organize and develop your argument
• to provide your reader with a “guide” to your argument

In general, your thesis statement will accomplish these goals if you think of the thesis as the answer to the question your paper explores.

How Can You Write a Good Thesis Statement?

Here are some helpful hints to get you started. You can either scroll down or select a link to a specific topic.

How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is Assigned How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is not Assigned How to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak One

How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is Assigned

Almost all assignments, no matter how complicated, can be reduced to a single question. Your first step, then, is to distill the assignment into a specific question. For example, if your assignment is, “Write a report to the local school board explaining the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class,” turn the request into a question like, “What are the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class?” After you’ve chosen the question your essay will answer, compose one or two complete sentences answering that question.

Q: “What are the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class?” A: “The potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class are . . .”

A: “Using computers in a fourth-grade class promises to improve . . .”

The answer to the question is the thesis statement for the essay.

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How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is not Assigned

Even if your assignment doesn’t ask a specific question, your thesis statement still needs to answer a question about the issue you’d like to explore. In this situation, your job is to figure out what question you’d like to write about.

A good thesis statement will usually include the following four attributes:

• take on a subject upon which reasonable people could disagree
• deal with a subject that can be adequately treated given the nature of the assignment
• express one main idea
• assert your conclusions about a subject

Let’s see how to generate a thesis statement for a social policy paper.

Brainstorm the topic . Let’s say that your class focuses upon the problems posed by changes in the dietary habits of Americans. You find that you are interested in the amount of sugar Americans consume.

You start out with a thesis statement like this:

Sugar consumption.

This fragment isn’t a thesis statement. Instead, it simply indicates a general subject. Furthermore, your reader doesn’t know what you want to say about sugar consumption.

Narrow the topic . Your readings about the topic, however, have led you to the conclusion that elementary school children are consuming far more sugar than is healthy.

You change your thesis to look like this:

Reducing sugar consumption by elementary school children.

This fragment not only announces your subject, but it focuses on one segment of the population: elementary school children. Furthermore, it raises a subject upon which reasonable people could disagree, because while most people might agree that children consume more sugar than they used to, not everyone would agree on what should be done or who should do it. You should note that this fragment is not a thesis statement because your reader doesn’t know your conclusions on the topic.

Take a position on the topic. After reflecting on the topic a little while longer, you decide that what you really want to say about this topic is that something should be done to reduce the amount of sugar these children consume.

You revise your thesis statement to look like this:

More attention should be paid to the food and beverage choices available to elementary school children.

This statement asserts your position, but the terms more attention and food and beverage choices are vague.

Use specific language . You decide to explain what you mean about food and beverage choices , so you write:

Experts estimate that half of elementary school children consume nine times the recommended daily allowance of sugar.

This statement is specific, but it isn’t a thesis. It merely reports a statistic instead of making an assertion.

Make an assertion based on clearly stated support. You finally revise your thesis statement one more time to look like this:

Because half of all American elementary school children consume nine times the recommended daily allowance of sugar, schools should be required to replace the beverages in soda machines with healthy alternatives.

Notice how the thesis answers the question, “What should be done to reduce sugar consumption by children, and who should do it?” When you started thinking about the paper, you may not have had a specific question in mind, but as you became more involved in the topic, your ideas became more specific. Your thesis changed to reflect your new insights.

How to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak One

1. a strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand..

Remember that your thesis needs to show your conclusions about a subject. For example, if you are writing a paper for a class on fitness, you might be asked to choose a popular weight-loss product to evaluate. Here are two thesis statements:

There are some negative and positive aspects to the Banana Herb Tea Supplement.

This is a weak thesis statement. First, it fails to take a stand. Second, the phrase negative and positive aspects is vague.

Because Banana Herb Tea Supplement promotes rapid weight loss that results in the loss of muscle and lean body mass, it poses a potential danger to customers.

This is a strong thesis because it takes a stand, and because it's specific.

2. A strong thesis statement justifies discussion.

Your thesis should indicate the point of the discussion. If your assignment is to write a paper on kinship systems, using your own family as an example, you might come up with either of these two thesis statements:

My family is an extended family.

This is a weak thesis because it merely states an observation. Your reader won’t be able to tell the point of the statement, and will probably stop reading.

While most American families would view consanguineal marriage as a threat to the nuclear family structure, many Iranian families, like my own, believe that these marriages help reinforce kinship ties in an extended family.

This is a strong thesis because it shows how your experience contradicts a widely-accepted view. A good strategy for creating a strong thesis is to show that the topic is controversial. Readers will be interested in reading the rest of the essay to see how you support your point.

3. A strong thesis statement expresses one main idea.

Readers need to be able to see that your paper has one main point. If your thesis statement expresses more than one idea, then you might confuse your readers about the subject of your paper. For example:

Companies need to exploit the marketing potential of the Internet, and Web pages can provide both advertising and customer support.

This is a weak thesis statement because the reader can’t decide whether the paper is about marketing on the Internet or Web pages. To revise the thesis, the relationship between the two ideas needs to become more clear. One way to revise the thesis would be to write:

Because the Internet is filled with tremendous marketing potential, companies should exploit this potential by using Web pages that offer both advertising and customer support.

This is a strong thesis because it shows that the two ideas are related. Hint: a great many clear and engaging thesis statements contain words like because , since , so , although , unless , and however .

4. A strong thesis statement is specific.

A thesis statement should show exactly what your paper will be about, and will help you keep your paper to a manageable topic. For example, if you're writing a seven-to-ten page paper on hunger, you might say:

World hunger has many causes and effects.

This is a weak thesis statement for two major reasons. First, world hunger can’t be discussed thoroughly in seven to ten pages. Second, many causes and effects is vague. You should be able to identify specific causes and effects. A revised thesis might look like this:

Hunger persists in Glandelinia because jobs are scarce and farming in the infertile soil is rarely profitable.

This is a strong thesis statement because it narrows the subject to a more specific and manageable topic, and it also identifies the specific causes for the existence of hunger.

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Which Thesis Statement Is the Most Effective? Tips for Crafting Strong Arguments

Crafting a strong thesis statement is crucial for any academic essay or research paper. It serves as the foundation of your argument, guiding the reader through your points and providing a clear direction for your writing. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of an effective thesis statement, techniques for crafting one, and the impact it has on your overall argument.

Key Takeaways

• A strong thesis statement is clear and precise, providing a specific focus for the essay.
• Effective thesis statements are argumentative, presenting a clear stance that can be supported with evidence.
• Brainstorming and refining ideas are essential steps in developing a compelling thesis statement.
• Peer review and feedback are valuable for evaluating the strength and clarity of your thesis statement.
• A well-crafted thesis statement enhances the persuasiveness and consistency of your argument throughout the paper.

Understanding the Role of a Thesis Statement in Academic Writing

A thesis statement is a fundamental element in academic writing, serving as the backbone of your essay. It is a sentence or two that clearly states the main idea or argument of your paper. The success of academic research papers depends on an exceptional thesis statement. It not only establishes the focus of the paper but also provides direction for your research, helping the reader understand the argument you’re presenting and why the evidence and analysis support it.

A strong thesis statement is crucial in academic essays because it sets a clear intention for your essay . It guides the reader through your argument, ensuring they understand the purpose and direction of your paper. Moreover, it helps you stay focused on your main points, making your writing more coherent and persuasive.

There are several common misconceptions about thesis statements. One is that a thesis statement is merely a topic. In reality, it often reflects a claim or judgment that a writer has made about a reading or personal experience. Another misconception is that a thesis statement is static; however, it can evolve as your ideas develop and your research progresses.

Characteristics of an Effective Thesis Statement

A well-crafted thesis statement is essential for any academic essay. It serves as the foundation upon which your argument is built, guiding both the writer and the reader through the paper's main points and supporting evidence. An effective thesis statement is clear, precise, and specific , ensuring that the reader understands the essay's purpose and direction from the outset. Below, we explore the key characteristics that make a thesis statement effective.

Techniques for Crafting a Strong Thesis Statement

Brainstorming and refining ideas.

When starting with your thesis statement, it's crucial to brainstorm and refine your ideas. Begin by jotting down all potential topics and questions that interest you. This process will help you identify a clear and focused research question. Be specific : try to keep the thesis statement focused on your topic rather than making it too broad. This specificity is what sets your work apart and makes it unique.

Using Evidence to Support Your Thesis

A strong thesis statement is not just a statement of fact but an arguable claim that requires evidence. As you develop your thesis, ensure that you have sufficient evidence to support your argument. This involves thorough research and critical analysis of existing literature. Remember, crafting a thesis statement is crucial in academic writing. It should be specific, arguable, and evolve with research.

Avoiding Common Pitfalls

There are several common pitfalls to avoid when crafting your thesis statement. First, avoid making your thesis too broad or too vague. Second, ensure that your thesis is arguable and not just a statement of fact. Lastly, be prepared to revise your thesis as your research progresses. Positioning and refining it strategically enhance the coherence of the essay.

Evaluating the Strength of Your Thesis Statement

Self-assessment techniques.

When evaluating the strength of a thesis statement, it's crucial to confirm that the thesis is not simply a statement of fact . Read the thesis out loud to ensure it flows well and captures the essence of your argument. Watch for key terms that emphasize particular details and ensure they are well-supported by your evidence.

Peer Review and Feedback

Engaging peers in the review process can provide valuable insights. Ask your peers to identify the main argument and check if it aligns with your intended message. Peer feedback can highlight areas that may need further clarification or stronger evidence.

Revising for Improvement

Revising your thesis statement is an iterative process. Look for evidence that supports your claims and be open to refining your ideas. Avoid common pitfalls such as being too vague or overly broad. A strong thesis statement should be specific and focused, guiding the reader through your argument effectively.

If you experience thesis anxiety , remember that revising and seeking feedback are part of the process. This approach can help alleviate uncertainty and improve the overall quality of your thesis statement.

Examples of Strong vs. Weak Thesis Statements

Case studies of effective thesis statements.

A strong thesis statement is crucial for guiding the direction of your essay and making a compelling argument. For instance, consider the thesis statement: "The rise of social media has significantly impacted the mental health of teenagers." This statement is specific, takes a stand, and sets the stage for a detailed discussion. In contrast, a weak thesis might be: "Social media affects people." The latter is vague and lacks a clear argument, making it difficult to develop a focused essay.

Analyzing Weak Thesis Statements

A weak thesis statement often fails to take a clear position or is too broad. For example, "World hunger is a serious issue" is a weak thesis because it states a fact rather than an argument. A stronger version would be: "World hunger can be alleviated by addressing the root causes of poverty and implementing sustainable agricultural practices." This revised statement is more specific and provides a clear direction for the essay.

Transforming Weak Statements into Strong Ones

To transform a weak thesis into a strong one, start by identifying the main argument you want to make. For example, a weak thesis like "Pollution is bad for the environment" can be strengthened to: "Industrial pollution significantly contributes to climate change and requires stringent regulations to mitigate its effects." This revised thesis is specific, takes a stand, and sets up a structured argument for the essay.

The Impact of a Strong Thesis Statement on Your Argument

Guiding the reader.

A strong thesis statement serves as a roadmap for your readers, clearly indicating the direction and scope of your argument. By asserting a clear position or argument, it helps the reader understand the writer's perspective and opinion. This guidance is crucial in maintaining the reader's interest and ensuring they can follow the logical progression of your ideas.

Enhancing Persuasiveness

A well-crafted thesis statement enhances the persuasiveness of your essay. It provides a clear argument that cohesively summarizes the intention of your paper. This clarity not only makes your argument more compelling but also demonstrates your commitment to the topic. A strong thesis statement provides proof and requires support, which in turn strengthens your overall argument.

Maintaining Consistency Throughout the Paper

Consistency is key in academic writing, and a strong thesis statement helps maintain this consistency. By clearly defining the main idea, it ensures that all subsequent paragraphs and sections align with the central argument. This alignment is essential for creating a cohesive and focused essay that thoroughly discusses your thesis within the allotted word count.

A strong thesis statement is the backbone of any compelling argument. It not only guides your writing but also keeps your readers engaged and focused. If you're struggling to craft the perfect thesis statement, don't worry! Our step-by-step Thesis Action Plan is here to help. Visit our website to claim your special offer now and transform your thesis writing experience.

Crafting an effective thesis statement is an indispensable skill for any academic writer. It serves as the foundation of your argument, guiding both the writer and the reader through the complexities of the topic at hand. By adhering to the principles of clarity, specificity, and argumentative strength, you can create a thesis statement that not only captures the essence of your paper but also engages and persuades your audience. As you refine this skill, remember that a well-crafted thesis statement is not just a requirement but a powerful tool that can elevate the quality of your academic writing. Embrace the process, and let your thesis statement be the beacon that illuminates your scholarly journey.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a thesis statement.

A thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of an academic paper. It is usually one sentence that appears at the end of the introduction.

Why is a thesis statement important in academic essays?

A thesis statement is crucial because it guides the reader on what to expect in the essay. It presents the writer's position and sets the direction for the entire paper.

What are the characteristics of an effective thesis statement?

An effective thesis statement is clear, precise, specific, and arguable. It should clearly express the main idea and be focused enough to be supported within the scope of the paper.

How can I brainstorm and refine ideas for my thesis statement?

Start by jotting down your main ideas and questions about the topic. Discuss these with peers or mentors, and refine them by focusing on specific aspects and ensuring they are arguable and supported by evidence.

What are common pitfalls to avoid when crafting a thesis statement?

Avoid being too vague, too broad, or too obvious. Also, ensure your thesis statement is not a mere statement of fact but presents a clear argument or position.

How can I evaluate the strength of my thesis statement?

You can evaluate your thesis statement by using self-assessment techniques, seeking peer review and feedback, and revising it based on clarity, specificity, and the strength of the argument.

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• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

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The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

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Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

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Home / Guides / Writing Guides / Parts of a Paper / How to Write a Strong Thesis Statement

How to Write a Strong Thesis Statement

A thesis can be found in many places—a debate speech, a lawyer’s closing argument, even an advertisement. But the most common place for a thesis statement (and probably why you’re reading this article) is in an essay.

Whether you’re writing an argumentative paper, an informative essay, or a compare/contrast statement, you need a thesis. Without a thesis, your argument falls flat and your information is unfocused. Since a thesis is so important, it’s probably a good idea to look at some tips on how to put together a strong one.

Guide Overview

What is a “thesis statement” anyway.

• 2 categories of thesis statements: informative and persuasive
• 2 styles of thesis statements
• Formula for a strong argumentative thesis
• The qualities of a solid thesis statement (video)

You may have heard of something called a “thesis.” It’s what seniors commonly refer to as their final paper before graduation. That’s not what we’re talking about here. That type of thesis is a long, well-written paper that takes years to piece together.

Instead, we’re talking about a single sentence that ties together the main idea of any argument . In the context of student essays, it’s a statement that summarizes your topic and declares your position on it. This sentence can tell a reader whether your essay is something they want to read.

2 Categories of Thesis Statements: Informative and Persuasive

Just as there are different types of essays, there are different types of thesis statements. The thesis should match the essay.

For example, with an informative essay, you should compose an informative thesis (rather than argumentative). You want to declare your intentions in this essay and guide the reader to the conclusion that you reach.

To make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, you must procure the ingredients, find a knife, and spread the condiments.

This thesis showed the reader the topic (a type of sandwich) and the direction the essay will take (describing how the sandwich is made).

Most other types of essays, whether compare/contrast, argumentative, or narrative, have thesis statements that take a position and argue it. In other words, unless your purpose is simply to inform, your thesis is considered persuasive. A persuasive thesis usually contains an opinion and the reason why your opinion is true.

Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches are the best type of sandwich because they are versatile, easy to make, and taste good.

In this persuasive thesis statement, you see that I state my opinion (the best type of sandwich), which means I have chosen a stance. Next, I explain that my opinion is correct with several key reasons. This persuasive type of thesis can be used in any essay that contains the writer’s opinion, including, as I mentioned above, compare/contrast essays, narrative essays, and so on.

2 Styles of Thesis Statements

Just as there are two different types of thesis statements (informative and persuasive), there are two basic styles you can use.

The first style uses a list of two or more points . This style of thesis is perfect for a brief essay that contains only two or three body paragraphs. This basic five-paragraph essay is typical of middle and high school assignments.

C.S. Lewis’s Chronicles of Narnia series is one of the richest works of the 20th century because it offers an escape from reality, teaches readers to have faith even when they don’t understand, and contains a host of vibrant characters.

In the above persuasive thesis, you can see my opinion about Narnia followed by three clear reasons. This thesis is perfect for setting up a tidy five-paragraph essay.

In college, five paragraph essays become few and far between as essay length gets longer. Can you imagine having only five paragraphs in a six-page paper? For a longer essay, you need a thesis statement that is more versatile. Instead of listing two or three distinct points, a thesis can list one overarching point that all body paragraphs tie into.

Good vs. evil is the main theme of Lewis’s Narnia series, as is made clear through the struggles the main characters face in each book.

In this thesis, I have made a claim about the theme in Narnia followed by my reasoning. The broader scope of this thesis allows me to write about each of the series’ seven novels. I am no longer limited in how many body paragraphs I can logically use.

Formula for a Strong Argumentative Thesis

One thing I find that is helpful for students is having a clear template. While students rarely end up with a thesis that follows this exact wording, the following template creates a good starting point:

___________ is true because of ___________, ___________, and ___________.

Conversely, the formula for a thesis with only one point might follow this template:

___________________ is true because of _____________________.

Students usually end up using different terminology than simply “because,” but having a template is always helpful to get the creative juices flowing.

The Qualities of a Solid Thesis Statement

When composing a thesis, you must consider not only the format, but other qualities like length, position in the essay, and how strong the argument is.

Length: A thesis statement can be short or long, depending on how many points it mentions. Typically, however, it is only one concise sentence. It does contain at least two clauses, usually an independent clause (the opinion) and a dependent clause (the reasons). You probably should aim for a single sentence that is at least two lines, or about 30 to 40 words long.

Position: A thesis statement always belongs at the beginning of an essay. This is because it is a sentence that tells the reader what the writer is going to discuss. Teachers will have different preferences for the precise location of the thesis, but a good rule of thumb is in the introduction paragraph, within the last two or three sentences.

Strength: Finally, for a persuasive thesis to be strong, it needs to be arguable. This means that the statement is not obvious, and it is not something that everyone agrees is true.

Example of weak thesis:

Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches are easy to make because it just takes three ingredients.

Most people would agree that PB&J is one of the easiest sandwiches in the American lunch repertoire.

Example of a stronger thesis:

Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches are fun to eat because they always slide around.

This is more arguable because there are plenty of folks who might think a PB&J is messy or slimy rather than fun.

Composing a thesis statement does take a bit more thought than many other parts of an essay. However, because a thesis statement can contain an entire argument in just a few words, it is worth taking the extra time to compose this sentence. It can direct your research and your argument so that your essay is tight, focused, and makes readers think.

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9.1 Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement

Learning objectives.

• Develop a strong, clear thesis statement with the proper elements.
• Revise your thesis statement.

Have you ever known a person who was not very good at telling stories? You probably had trouble following his train of thought as he jumped around from point to point, either being too brief in places that needed further explanation or providing too many details on a meaningless element. Maybe he told the end of the story first, then moved to the beginning and later added details to the middle. His ideas were probably scattered, and the story did not flow very well. When the story was over, you probably had many questions.

Just as a personal anecdote can be a disorganized mess, an essay can fall into the same trap of being out of order and confusing. That is why writers need a thesis statement to provide a specific focus for their essay and to organize what they are about to discuss in the body.

Just like a topic sentence summarizes a single paragraph, the thesis statement summarizes an entire essay. It tells the reader the point you want to make in your essay, while the essay itself supports that point. It is like a signpost that signals the essay’s destination. You should form your thesis before you begin to organize an essay, but you may find that it needs revision as the essay develops.

Elements of a Thesis Statement

For every essay you write, you must focus on a central idea. This idea stems from a topic you have chosen or been assigned or from a question your teacher has asked. It is not enough merely to discuss a general topic or simply answer a question with a yes or no. You have to form a specific opinion, and then articulate that into a controlling idea —the main idea upon which you build your thesis.

Remember that a thesis is not the topic itself, but rather your interpretation of the question or subject. For whatever topic your professor gives you, you must ask yourself, “What do I want to say about it?” Asking and then answering this question is vital to forming a thesis that is precise, forceful and confident.

A thesis is one sentence long and appears toward the end of your introduction. It is specific and focuses on one to three points of a single idea—points that are able to be demonstrated in the body. It forecasts the content of the essay and suggests how you will organize your information. Remember that a thesis statement does not summarize an issue but rather dissects it.

A Strong Thesis Statement

A strong thesis statement contains the following qualities.

Specificity. A thesis statement must concentrate on a specific area of a general topic. As you may recall, the creation of a thesis statement begins when you choose a broad subject and then narrow down its parts until you pinpoint a specific aspect of that topic. For example, health care is a broad topic, but a proper thesis statement would focus on a specific area of that topic, such as options for individuals without health care coverage.

Precision. A strong thesis statement must be precise enough to allow for a coherent argument and to remain focused on the topic. If the specific topic is options for individuals without health care coverage, then your precise thesis statement must make an exact claim about it, such as that limited options exist for those who are uninsured by their employers. You must further pinpoint what you are going to discuss regarding these limited effects, such as whom they affect and what the cause is.

Ability to be argued. A thesis statement must present a relevant and specific argument. A factual statement often is not considered arguable. Be sure your thesis statement contains a point of view that can be supported with evidence.

Ability to be demonstrated. For any claim you make in your thesis, you must be able to provide reasons and examples for your opinion. You can rely on personal observations in order to do this, or you can consult outside sources to demonstrate that what you assert is valid. A worthy argument is backed by examples and details.

Forcefulness. A thesis statement that is forceful shows readers that you are, in fact, making an argument. The tone is assertive and takes a stance that others might oppose.

Confidence. In addition to using force in your thesis statement, you must also use confidence in your claim. Phrases such as I feel or I believe actually weaken the readers’ sense of your confidence because these phrases imply that you are the only person who feels the way you do. In other words, your stance has insufficient backing. Taking an authoritative stance on the matter persuades your readers to have faith in your argument and open their minds to what you have to say.

Even in a personal essay that allows the use of first person, your thesis should not contain phrases such as in my opinion or I believe . These statements reduce your credibility and weaken your argument. Your opinion is more convincing when you use a firm attitude.

On a separate sheet of paper, write a thesis statement for each of the following topics. Remember to make each statement specific, precise, demonstrable, forceful and confident.

• Texting while driving
• The legal drinking age in the United States
• Steroid use among professional athletes

Examples of Appropriate Thesis Statements

Each of the following thesis statements meets several of the following requirements:

• Specificity
• Ability to be argued
• Ability to be demonstrated
• Forcefulness
• The societal and personal struggles of Troy Maxon in the play Fences symbolize the challenge of black males who lived through segregation and integration in the United States.
• Closing all American borders for a period of five years is one solution that will tackle illegal immigration.
• Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony in Romeo and Juliet spoils the outcome for the audience and weakens the plot.
• J. D. Salinger’s character in Catcher in the Rye , Holden Caulfield, is a confused rebel who voices his disgust with phonies, yet in an effort to protect himself, he acts like a phony on many occasions.
• Compared to an absolute divorce, no-fault divorce is less expensive, promotes fairer settlements, and reflects a more realistic view of the causes for marital breakdown.
• Exposing children from an early age to the dangers of drug abuse is a sure method of preventing future drug addicts.
• In today’s crumbling job market, a high school diploma is not significant enough education to land a stable, lucrative job.

You can find thesis statements in many places, such as in the news; in the opinions of friends, coworkers or teachers; and even in songs you hear on the radio. Become aware of thesis statements in everyday life by paying attention to people’s opinions and their reasons for those opinions. Pay attention to your own everyday thesis statements as well, as these can become material for future essays.

Now that you have read about the contents of a good thesis statement and have seen examples, take a look at the pitfalls to avoid when composing your own thesis:

A thesis is weak when it is simply a declaration of your subject or a description of what you will discuss in your essay.

Weak thesis statement: My paper will explain why imagination is more important than knowledge.

A thesis is weak when it makes an unreasonable or outrageous claim or insults the opposing side.

Weak thesis statement: Religious radicals across America are trying to legislate their Puritanical beliefs by banning required high school books.

A thesis is weak when it contains an obvious fact or something that no one can disagree with or provides a dead end.

Weak thesis statement: Advertising companies use sex to sell their products.

A thesis is weak when the statement is too broad.

Weak thesis statement: The life of Abraham Lincoln was long and challenging.

Read the following thesis statements. On a separate piece of paper, identify each as weak or strong. For those that are weak, list the reasons why. Then revise the weak statements so that they conform to the requirements of a strong thesis.

• The subject of this paper is my experience with ferrets as pets.
• The government must expand its funding for research on renewable energy resources in order to prepare for the impending end of oil.
• Edgar Allan Poe was a poet who lived in Baltimore during the nineteenth century.
• In this essay, I will give you lots of reasons why slot machines should not be legalized in Baltimore.
• Despite his promises during his campaign, President Kennedy took few executive measures to support civil rights legislation.
• Because many children’s toys have potential safety hazards that could lead to injury, it is clear that not all children’s toys are safe.
• My experience with young children has taught me that I want to be a disciplinary parent because I believe that a child without discipline can be a parent’s worst nightmare.

Writing at Work

Often in your career, you will need to ask your boss for something through an e-mail. Just as a thesis statement organizes an essay, it can also organize your e-mail request. While your e-mail will be shorter than an essay, using a thesis statement in your first paragraph quickly lets your boss know what you are asking for, why it is necessary, and what the benefits are. In short body paragraphs, you can provide the essential information needed to expand upon your request.

Thesis Statement Revision

Your thesis will probably change as you write, so you will need to modify it to reflect exactly what you have discussed in your essay. Remember from Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” that your thesis statement begins as a working thesis statement , an indefinite statement that you make about your topic early in the writing process for the purpose of planning and guiding your writing.

Working thesis statements often become stronger as you gather information and form new opinions and reasons for those opinions. Revision helps you strengthen your thesis so that it matches what you have expressed in the body of the paper.

The best way to revise your thesis statement is to ask questions about it and then examine the answers to those questions. By challenging your own ideas and forming definite reasons for those ideas, you grow closer to a more precise point of view, which you can then incorporate into your thesis statement.

Ways to Revise Your Thesis

You can cut down on irrelevant aspects and revise your thesis by taking the following steps:

1. Pinpoint and replace all nonspecific words, such as people , everything , society , or life , with more precise words in order to reduce any vagueness.

Working thesis: Young people have to work hard to succeed in life.

Revised thesis: Recent college graduates must have discipline and persistence in order to find and maintain a stable job in which they can use and be appreciated for their talents.

The revised thesis makes a more specific statement about success and what it means to work hard. The original includes too broad a range of people and does not define exactly what success entails. By replacing those general words like people and work hard , the writer can better focus his or her research and gain more direction in his or her writing.

2. Clarify ideas that need explanation by asking yourself questions that narrow your thesis.

Working thesis: The welfare system is a joke.

Revised thesis: The welfare system keeps a socioeconomic class from gaining employment by alluring members of that class with unearned income, instead of programs to improve their education and skill sets.

A joke means many things to many people. Readers bring all sorts of backgrounds and perspectives to the reading process and would need clarification for a word so vague. This expression may also be too informal for the selected audience. By asking questions, the writer can devise a more precise and appropriate explanation for joke . The writer should ask himself or herself questions similar to the 5WH questions. (See Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” for more information on the 5WH questions.) By incorporating the answers to these questions into a thesis statement, the writer more accurately defines his or her stance, which will better guide the writing of the essay.

3. Replace any linking verbs with action verbs. Linking verbs are forms of the verb to be , a verb that simply states that a situation exists.

Working thesis: Kansas City schoolteachers are not paid enough.

Revised thesis: The Kansas City legislature cannot afford to pay its educators, resulting in job cuts and resignations in a district that sorely needs highly qualified and dedicated teachers.

The linking verb in this working thesis statement is the word are . Linking verbs often make thesis statements weak because they do not express action. Rather, they connect words and phrases to the second half of the sentence. Readers might wonder, “Why are they not paid enough?” But this statement does not compel them to ask many more questions. The writer should ask himself or herself questions in order to replace the linking verb with an action verb, thus forming a stronger thesis statement, one that takes a more definitive stance on the issue:

• Who is not paying the teachers enough?
• What is considered “enough”?
• What is the problem?
• What are the results

4. Omit any general claims that are hard to support.

Working thesis: Today’s teenage girls are too sexualized.

Revised thesis: Teenage girls who are captivated by the sexual images on MTV are conditioned to believe that a woman’s worth depends on her sensuality, a feeling that harms their self-esteem and behavior.

It is true that some young women in today’s society are more sexualized than in the past, but that is not true for all girls. Many girls have strict parents, dress appropriately, and do not engage in sexual activity while in middle school and high school. The writer of this thesis should ask the following questions:

• Which teenage girls?
• What constitutes “too” sexualized?
• Why are they behaving that way?
• Where does this behavior show up?
• What are the repercussions?

In the first section of Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” , you determined your purpose for writing and your audience. You then completed a freewriting exercise about an event you recently experienced and chose a general topic to write about. Using that general topic, you then narrowed it down by answering the 5WH questions. After you answered these questions, you chose one of the three methods of prewriting and gathered possible supporting points for your working thesis statement.

Now, on a separate sheet of paper, write down your working thesis statement. Identify any weaknesses in this sentence and revise the statement to reflect the elements of a strong thesis statement. Make sure it is specific, precise, arguable, demonstrable, forceful, and confident.

Collaboration

Please share with a classmate and compare your answers.

In your career you may have to write a project proposal that focuses on a particular problem in your company, such as reinforcing the tardiness policy. The proposal would aim to fix the problem; using a thesis statement would clearly state the boundaries of the problem and tell the goals of the project. After writing the proposal, you may find that the thesis needs revision to reflect exactly what is expressed in the body. Using the techniques from this chapter would apply to revising that thesis.

Key Takeaways

• Proper essays require a thesis statement to provide a specific focus and suggest how the essay will be organized.
• A thesis statement is your interpretation of the subject, not the topic itself.
• A strong thesis is specific, precise, forceful, confident, and is able to be demonstrated.
• A strong thesis challenges readers with a point of view that can be debated and can be supported with evidence.
• A weak thesis is simply a declaration of your topic or contains an obvious fact that cannot be argued.
• Depending on your topic, it may or may not be appropriate to use first person point of view.
• Revise your thesis by ensuring all words are specific, all ideas are exact, and all verbs express action.

Writing for Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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How to Write a Strong Thesis Statement: 4 Steps + Examples

What’s Covered:

What is the purpose of a thesis statement, writing a good thesis statement: 4 steps, common pitfalls to avoid, where to get your essay edited for free.

When you set out to write an essay, there has to be some kind of point to it, right? Otherwise, your essay would just be a big jumble of word salad that makes absolutely no sense. An essay needs a central point that ties into everything else. That main point is called a thesis statement, and it’s the core of any essay or research paper.

You may hear about Master degree candidates writing a thesis, and that is an entire paper–not to be confused with the thesis statement, which is typically one sentence that contains your paper’s focus. 

Read on to learn more about thesis statements and how to write them. We’ve also included some solid examples for you to reference.

Typically the last sentence of your introductory paragraph, the thesis statement serves as the roadmap for your essay. When your reader gets to the thesis statement, they should have a clear outline of your main point, as well as the information you’ll be presenting in order to either prove or support your point. 

The thesis statement should not be confused for a topic sentence , which is the first sentence of every paragraph in your essay. If you need help writing topic sentences, numerous resources are available. Topic sentences should go along with your thesis statement, though.

Since the thesis statement is the most important sentence of your entire essay or paper, it’s imperative that you get this part right. Otherwise, your paper will not have a good flow and will seem disjointed. That’s why it’s vital not to rush through developing one. It’s a methodical process with steps that you need to follow in order to create the best thesis statement possible.

Step 1: Decide what kind of paper you’re writing

When you’re assigned an essay, there are several different types you may get. Argumentative essays are designed to get the reader to agree with you on a topic. Informative or expository essays present information to the reader. Analytical essays offer up a point and then expand on it by analyzing relevant information. Thesis statements can look and sound different based on the type of paper you’re writing. For example:

• Argumentative: The United States needs a viable third political party to decrease bipartisanship, increase options, and help reduce corruption in government.
• Informative: The Libertarian party has thrown off elections before by gaining enough support in states to get on the ballot and by taking away crucial votes from candidates.
• Analytical: An analysis of past presidential elections shows that while third party votes may have been the minority, they did affect the outcome of the elections in 2020, 2016, and beyond.

Step 2: Figure out what point you want to make

Once you know what type of paper you’re writing, you then need to figure out the point you want to make with your thesis statement, and subsequently, your paper. In other words, you need to decide to answer a question about something, such as:

• What impact did reality TV have on American society?
• How has the musical Hamilton affected perception of American history?
• Why do I want to major in [chosen major here]?

If you have an argumentative essay, then you will be writing about an opinion. To make it easier, you may want to choose an opinion that you feel passionate about so that you’re writing about something that interests you. For example, if you have an interest in preserving the environment, you may want to choose a topic that relates to that. 

If you’re writing your college essay and they ask why you want to attend that school, you may want to have a main point and back it up with information, something along the lines of:

“Attending Harvard University would benefit me both academically and professionally, as it would give me a strong knowledge base upon which to build my career, develop my network, and hopefully give me an advantage in my chosen field.”

Step 3: Determine what information you’ll use to back up your point

Once you have the point you want to make, you need to figure out how you plan to back it up throughout the rest of your essay. Without this information, it will be hard to either prove or argue the main point of your thesis statement. If you decide to write about the Hamilton example, you may decide to address any falsehoods that the writer put into the musical, such as:

“The musical Hamilton, while accurate in many ways, leaves out key parts of American history, presents a nationalist view of founding fathers, and downplays the racism of the times.”

Once you’ve written your initial working thesis statement, you’ll then need to get information to back that up. For example, the musical completely leaves out Benjamin Franklin, portrays the founding fathers in a nationalist way that is too complimentary, and shows Hamilton as a staunch abolitionist despite the fact that his family likely did own slaves. 

Step 4: Revise and refine your thesis statement before you start writing

Read through your thesis statement several times before you begin to compose your full essay. You need to make sure the statement is ironclad, since it is the foundation of the entire paper. Edit it or have a peer review it for you to make sure everything makes sense and that you feel like you can truly write a paper on the topic. Once you’ve done that, you can then begin writing your paper.

When writing a thesis statement, there are some common pitfalls you should avoid so that your paper can be as solid as possible. Make sure you always edit the thesis statement before you do anything else. You also want to ensure that the thesis statement is clear and concise. Don’t make your reader hunt for your point. Finally, put your thesis statement at the end of the first paragraph and have your introduction flow toward that statement. Your reader will expect to find your statement in its traditional spot.

If you’re having trouble getting started, or need some guidance on your essay, there are tools available that can help you. CollegeVine offers a free peer essay review tool where one of your peers can read through your essay and provide you with valuable feedback. Getting essay feedback from a peer can help you wow your instructor or college admissions officer with an impactful essay that effectively illustrates your point.

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Strong vs. weak thesis.

• Organization
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• Global vs. Local Revision
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• Why is Grammar Important?
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Topic vs. Thesis: What's the Difference?

A topic can be defined as the issue you are going to address in your essay; it is the subject the essay focuses on (e.g., hunger in Applachia).

A thesis can be defined as what you are going to say about this issue – what you think, and why you think it (e.g., Hunger in Appalachia has become a problem because of poor soil for farming and lack of state and government resources).

Your topic and thesis should appear in different sentences in your introduction; your topic should be introduced first, while your thesis should be developed out of your topic .

For example:

Hunger is currently a major problem for people in Appalachia, specifically in southeast Ohio. Home to some of the poorest counties in the state, southeast Ohio frequently tops the state's poverty list. Southeastern Ohio was even feautred on Dateline NBC's "Friends and Neighbors" series, a show that covered the region for nine months in order to capture the impact of the recession on what were once farming and mining communities. Although there are people in southeast Ohio who attempt to farm, the soil in many places is nutrient-deficient and unable to bear large amounts of crops. The mining industry has all but left the region. In addition, there amount of people turning to food pantries and other local services for help has grown to the point where the services can't keep up with the needs of the population. Hunger in southeastern Ohio has become an issue for concern, because jobs are scarce and services for the needy are overwhelmed.

What is the topic of this essay? What might be the thesis ?

Strong Thesis vs. Weak Thesis

A strong thesis makes a claim that:

      (1) requires proof 

      (2) offers some point about the significance of your evidence that would not have been immediately

           obvious to your readers.

Elements of a Strong Thesis

A weak thesis makes a claim that does not need proving.

Elements of a Weak Thesis

      (1) Makes no claim

      (2) Is obviously true or a statement of fact

      (3) Is cliche

      (4) Offers personal opinion as the basis for the claim (begins with "I think" or "I believe")

      (5) Makes a claim that is too broad for the scope of the essay

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While Sandel argues that pursuing perfection through genetic engineering would decrease our sense of humility, he claims that the sense of solidarity we would lose is also important.

This thesis summarizes several points in Sandel’s argument, but it does not make a claim about how we should understand his argument. A reader who read Sandel’s argument would not also need to read an essay based on this descriptive thesis.  

Broad thesis (arguable, but difficult to support with evidence) 

Michael Sandel’s arguments about genetic engineering do not take into consideration all the relevant issues.

This is an arguable claim because it would be possible to argue against it by saying that Michael Sandel’s arguments do take all of the relevant issues into consideration. But the claim is too broad. Because the thesis does not specify which “issues” it is focused on—or why it matters if they are considered—readers won’t know what the rest of the essay will argue, and the writer won’t know what to focus on. If there is a particular issue that Sandel does not address, then a more specific version of the thesis would include that issue—hand an explanation of why it is important.  

Arguable thesis with analytical claim 

While Sandel argues persuasively that our instinct to “remake” (54) ourselves into something ever more perfect is a problem, his belief that we can always draw a line between what is medically necessary and what makes us simply “better than well” (51) is less convincing.

This is an arguable analytical claim. To argue for this claim, the essay writer will need to show how evidence from the article itself points to this interpretation. It’s also a reasonable scope for a thesis because it can be supported with evidence available in the text and is neither too broad nor too narrow.  

Arguable thesis with normative claim 

Given Sandel’s argument against genetic enhancement, we should not allow parents to decide on using Human Growth Hormone for their children.

This thesis tells us what we should do about a particular issue discussed in Sandel’s article, but it does not tell us how we should understand Sandel’s argument.  

Questions to ask about your thesis 

• Is the thesis truly arguable? Does it speak to a genuine dilemma in the source, or would most readers automatically agree with it?  
• Is the thesis too obvious? Again, would most or all readers agree with it without needing to see your argument?  
• Is the thesis complex enough to require a whole essay's worth of argument?  
• Is the thesis supportable with evidence from the text rather than with generalizations or outside research?  
• Would anyone want to read a paper in which this thesis was developed? That is, can you explain what this paper is adding to our understanding of a problem, question, or topic?
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• How Can I Create a Strong Thesis?
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For most college essays, you need a thesis statement that captures the argument, or central claim, of the essay.  It will usually appear at the end of the first or second paragraph of the essay and will include the basic argument and its implications. Your thesis will often change from early thinking (to accommodate your evolution in thinking as you write) once you’ve got a whole draft, and a strong working thesis will adapt into a well-considered, well-supported articulation of your ultimate argument. The takeaway? Creating a strong thesis goes hand-in-hand with creating a strong argument in the overall essay.

General Considerations

A strong thesis should do the following things:.

• Go beyond announcing a subject – join an ongoing conversation by taking a stand on an issue or offering an interpretation of something (a text, a policy, a new scientific discovery, etc.)
• Get specific – rule out most of the broad material pertinent to your topic and zero in on a clear claim that focuses more narrowly on some specific aspect of your topic.
• Indicate the “what, why, and how” of your argument – what are you claiming, why you believe this to be true, important, etc., and how you will approach your topic.

A strong thesis will apply to your issue/text and only to your issue/text

Thesis statements that are too broad often could be transplanted from one paper (even one subject!) to the next without anyone noticing. If what you claim in your thesis could work equally well for an essay on Mrs. Dalloway and an essay on the virtues of capitalism, you have more focusing and tightening to do.

In Practice

Start with a working thesis (revise it later).

A working thesis is often different from a final thesis. A working thesis will help you get started writing by keeping you focused on the general sense of what you wish to argue, even if you don’t have all the details in place; those details will usually work themselves out in the writing.  Often after you’ve finished writing a complete draft, you will realize that you’ve actually argued something more interesting and complex than your working thesis could express. At that point, you should revise your working thesis into a final thesis that accurately expresses your argument.

The first step toward writing a strong thesis is taking a stand or offering an interpretation of an issue related to your topic.  Sometimes an essay assignment might ask you a question that will prompt an argument, and other times you will need to come up with an argument on your own.  Either way, your position can be simple at first, as the process of writing the essay will most likely lead you to develop a more complex thesis. The following are samples of possible working theses:

• American politics relies too heavily on the two-party system.
• Jane Eyre does not align with feminism.
• The potential use of stem cell research should be explored.
• The continuous stream of news coverage undermines the quality of the news.

In each of these statements, the writer has taken a position that will allow them to start writing, even though these statements could be seen as too simple to truly make a strong thesis.  These statements could be referred to as the basic argument (the “what”) .  A strong thesis will also require justifications (the “why,” sometimes referred to as implications ) and/or a method/framework (the “how”), which can be explored later once the basic argument is in place.

Look for Signs that Your Thesis is Weak

On occasion, writers will be hindered early on by statements that seem like they will make a good basis for arguments, while in actuality they prevent an argument from being strong.  For that reason, it’s good to know what separates a strong thesis from a weak one.

A strong thesis is NOT

• just an observation (Example: Jane Eyre relates to ideas about feminism.)  This may be true, but this statement is simply an observation about the book—it doesn’t take a stand on how feminism is treated in the text.
• a statement of fact (Example: Many people are opposed to stem cell research.) Fact-based statements can be easily checked by asking yourself if anyone could reasonably disagree with you.  If everyone would agree that your statement is true, then your statement is only a fact, not an argument.
• a broad generalization (Example: Politics are working for the people.)  It may seem as if using broad terms allows for more possibilities for things to include in your essay, but broad issues because contain too many specific arguments within them, and making a broad claim will mean making a shallow argument.  In this example, “politics” and “people” are both too broad.  The “American two-party system” is a more specific category that will allow you to focus on one argument and discuss the complexities within it.
• a list of examples (Example: The continuous stream of news coverage causes lack of depth, focuses on superficial issues, and results in information overload.) While your essay may include examples of all of these issues, using a list for a thesis doesn’t allow for deep investigation of one topic nor does it show the relationship between ideas.  The items in the list may be points of evidence you can use in your essay without naming them.

Make It Complex

A strong thesis needs to make a complex argument, meaning it needs to show that the complications or contradictions of the issue have been taken into account in the essay and that the argument matters —or that there are implications to the argument.  The complexity of the argument, and therefore the thesis, can be explored in various ways that can help evolve the working thesis into a complex thesis.

Explore counterarguments

What reasonable claims have others made that contradict your argument, and how might taking those into consideration help you justify or strengthen your own? If you were to launch your own rebuttal to your argument, what would that look like? How does that help you complicate your ideas?

Consider a variety of angles

There are more than two sides—often far more—to any argument. For instance, people might argue the same thing for different reasons, might agree on a common problem but feel differently about how to solve it, might see the same problem as being caused by different things, etc. If you seek out as many stances on your topic as possible, you might be able to shape your argument in a way that fills a void in the conversation.

Ask yourself why the argument matters

Ok, you may be writing about the Two-Thirds Compromise because your instructor told you to. But beyond that, find a way to consider why you (and we) should care about it. What is important about your topic (whether historical or contemporary, out of the STEM fields or music and dance) here and now? Who are the stakeholders in your argument? Is there anyone whose voice hasn’t been heard on this that you could bring to light? In other words, “so what?” If you can find a legitimate reason why the argument matters, you can argue it from a stronger, more complicated place.

Consider starting with the “magical thesis” template, at least as a working thesis.

“By looking at ______________, we can see _________________, which most [readers, scientists, politicians, actors, etc.] don’t see; this is important because ____________________.” This thesis template asks you to articulate your object of study, what you can reveal about it, and why your revelation is important.

Think about the project you’re working on, and answer the following questions:

What is your topic?

What is your stance on the topic? State this as a complete sentence.

Why do you believe this? State your reasons in a “because” clause.

Why would someone disagree with this? State the opposing opinion in an “although” clause.

Now put it together to form a working thesis: “Although” clause + Stance on topic + “Because” clause = Complete (working) thesis statement

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Strong Thesis Statement

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Navigating the vast ocean of ideas, every writer seeks that anchor – a robust thesis statement. This statement not only provides direction to the essay but also gives it a foundation. It distills the essence of the argument into a concise format, guiding the reader and asserting the writer’s perspective. To craft a compelling thesis statement, one must grasp its intricacies and nuances. This guide illuminates the path to creating magnetic thesis statements , backed by compelling examples and actionable tips.

What is a Powerful Thesis Statement?

A powerful thesis statement is a concise, specific declaration that presents the main point or argument of a piece of writing. It acts as a roadmap for the reader, outlining the central theme and position the writer will adopt or argue for. A potent final thesis statement not only states a fact but also takes a stance, establishes a perspective, and gives a hint about the line of reasoning the essay will adopt.

What is an Example of a Strong Thesis Statement?

“While global climate change is influenced by natural phenomena, predominant evidence indicates that human activities, especially the emission of greenhouse gases, are the primary contributors to the accelerated rate of global warming experienced in the last century.”

This statement presents a clear position, is debatable (therefore, not a mere fact), and hints at the reasoning that will be laid out in the essay or paper.

100 Strong Thesis Statement Examples

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Crafting a robust thesis statement is pivotal for any successful essay or research paper. This statement should encapsulate your main argument, presenting readers with a clear insight into your stance and the direction of your work.   you may also be interested to browse through our other thesis statement for research paper . Below are some strong thesis statement examples that provide a firm foundation for compelling arguments:

• “The rise of electronic communications in the modern era has diminished the significance of face-to-face interaction.” This highlights the impact of technology on human relationships.
• “Despite its perceived threats, artificial intelligence can be a beneficial tool when used ethically and can revolutionize sectors such as healthcare, finance, and education.” Here, AI’s advantages are emphasized despite potential pitfalls.
• “Mandatory voting laws can potentially undermine democratic processes by forcing uninformed voters to make decisions.” This statement questions the efficiency of compulsory voting.
• “Organic foods aren’t necessarily healthier than non-organic ones, but their production is more environmentally friendly and ethical.” A take on the broader implications of organic farming.
• “The portrayal of women in media has evolved over the decades, yet it still adheres to aged stereotypes.” A comment on gender representation in media.
• “Modern education must evolve with technological advancements, integrating digital literacy as a core component.” This underscores the importance of technology in today’s education.
• “While many argue the death penalty serves as a deterrent to crime, studies have shown that states without it have lower murder rates.” A statement countering a popular belief.
• “The cultural shift towards plant-based diets can lead to positive health outcomes and combat climate change.” This advocates for dietary change for health and environmental reasons.
• “Remote working, although beneficial for work-life balance, can hinder team cohesion and organizational culture.” A nuanced view on the rise of remote work.
• “Childhood vaccinations should be mandatory because they prevent outbreaks of contagious diseases, supporting herd immunity.” A statement emphasizing public health.
• “Banning single-use plastics can drastically reduce ocean pollution and promote sustainable consumer behaviors.” An environmental call to action.
• “Financial literacy education should be integrated into high school curricula to prepare students for real-world challenges.” Advocating for essential life skills in education.
• “Despite its historical significance, Christopher Columbus’ celebration ignores the negative impact of his expeditions on indigenous populations.” A call for a more nuanced historical perspective.
• “Excessive screen time can lead to a myriad of health issues in children, including impaired sleep and developmental issues.” A health-focused stance on technology.
• “Urban green spaces not only enhance city aesthetics but also promote mental well-being and biodiversity.” Emphasizing the multifaceted benefits of urban greenery.
• “A four-day workweek can boost productivity, improve mental health, and promote a better work-life balance.” A modern perspective on work culture.
• “The gender pay gap persists not solely due to discrimination but also societal norms and occupational segregation.” A multifaceted look at wage disparities.
• “Animal testing, while controversial, has led to numerous medical breakthroughs, but alternative methods should be explored more rigorously.” Balancing the pros and cons of a debated practice.
• “The digital age’s advent, while promoting connectivity, has also escalated mental health issues due to increased isolation.” A dual-sided view of technology’s impact.
• “Affirmative action, although divisive, is essential for redressing historical racial and ethnic injustices in higher education.” Advocating for a policy with historical context.
• “Corporate social responsibility initiatives benefit not only the community but also companies themselves by improving their public image.” An insight into business ethics.
• “E-sports should be recognized at the Olympic level, given their global popularity and demand for strategic mental agility.” Advocating for the evolving nature of sports.
• “Experiencing art through virtual reality can democratize access but may diminish the genuine essence of artworks.” Balancing tech advancement with traditional experiences.
• “The educational system should prioritize teaching emotional intelligence to foster healthier interpersonal relationships and decision-making.” Emphasizing holistic education.
• “Although nuclear energy presents potential dangers, its efficiency and low carbon footprint make it essential for a sustainable future.” A balanced view on energy resources.
• “Language learning should be compulsory in schools, fostering global understanding and cognitive development.” Advocating for a global perspective in education.
• “The gig economy, despite offering flexibility, can undermine workers’ rights and financial security.” A take on modern employment trends.
• “Fast fashion’s allure, from its affordability to trendiness, masks its detrimental environmental impact and exploitative production methods.” A statement on sustainable consumerism.
• “Universal basic income can be a solution to growing automation, ensuring financial stability in the evolving job landscape.” A futuristic economic perspective.
• “While social media platforms foster global connectivity, they can also perpetuate echo chambers and spread misinformation.” Highlighting the double-edged sword of technology.
• “Mindfulness practices in the workplace can enhance productivity, mental well-being, and job satisfaction.” Advocating for holistic approaches to work.
• “A holistic approach to criminal justice, focusing on rehabilitation rather than punishment, can lead to reduced recidivism rates.” A call for reform.
• “Solar and wind energy, given their sustainability and decreasing costs, should be central in future energy policies.” A sustainable view on future energy.
• “Despite its challenges, homeschooling offers personalized education, fostering in-depth knowledge and independence.” A take on alternative education methods.
• “Space exploration, beyond its scientific merits, can unite humanity under a shared goal and perspective.” A broader perspective on space endeavors.
• “Cultural appropriation, when done disrespectfully, not only offends but can erase the significance of traditional practices.” A statement on cultural sensitivity.
• “Declining bee populations, if unchecked, threaten global food systems and biodiversity.” Emphasizing an often-overlooked environmental issue.
• “Biographies, while insightful, can sometimes unintentionally perpetuate biases and inaccuracies of their subjects.” A take on the nature of historical recounting.
• “The rise of autonomous vehicles can revolutionize urban infrastructure and sustainability but introduces new ethical dilemmas.” Balancing innovation with ethics.
• “While international tourism boosts economies, it’s essential to balance it with local culture and environment preservation.” A sustainable view on tourism.
• “Introducing coding and digital literacy from primary education prepares students for the modern workforce and fosters logical thinking.” Advocating for a tech-savvy curriculum.
• “Consumerism during holidays, while boosting the economy, detracts from genuine cultural and familial significance.” A reflection on modern-day celebrations.
• “Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), when regulated, can address food insecurity without compromising ecological balance.” A stance on biotechnology.
• “Telemedicine, propelled by the pandemic, can revolutionize healthcare accessibility but also poses challenges in personal rapport and diagnosis accuracy.” A modern medical perspective.
• “Biodiversity’s decline, more than just species loss, compromises ecosystem services and resilience.” Highlighting the broad implications of species conservation.
• “3D printing in medicine holds the potential to revolutionize transplants and prosthetics but raises ethical concerns.” On the frontier of medical technology.
• “Sports not only foster physical health but also cultivate teamwork, discipline, and resilience.” A multifaceted view of sports’ significance.
• “Blockchain, beyond cryptocurrency, can enhance transparency and efficiency in sectors like supply chain and public records.” Broadening the scope of a tech trend.
• “While antibiotics revolutionized medicine, their overuse threatens a rise in resistant superbugs, necessitating judicious use.” A cautionary medical perspective.
• “Hydroponic and vertical farming, leveraging urban spaces, can meet food demands sustainably.” Innovations in agriculture
• “Digital detox, in an era of constant connectivity, can rejuvenate mental well-being and restore personal relationships.” Emphasizing the need for tech boundaries.
• “Mandatory voting laws, though seemingly undemocratic, can foster a more engaged and informed citizenry.” A new perspective on electoral participation.
• “Plant-based diets, beyond personal health benefits, play a pivotal role in addressing climate change and resource conservation.” Food’s role in sustainability.
• “Augmented reality (AR) in education can make learning immersive but requires careful integration to not overshadow foundational skills.” Balancing tech with foundational learning.
• “Remote work, while offering flexibility, requires robust digital infrastructure and new strategies to maintain team cohesion.” Navigating the new work paradigm.
• “Music therapy has proven benefits in cognitive rehabilitation, emotional well-being, and even physical recovery.” The therapeutic powers of melodies.
• “Zero-waste lifestyles, more than a trend, embody a critical approach to sustainable consumption and waste management.” Advocating for conscious living.
• “Classical literature, despite being rooted in bygone eras, offers timeless insights into human nature and society.” The enduring power of classics.
• “Urban green spaces, beyond recreational benefits, enhance air quality, biodiversity, and even property values.” A case for urban planning with nature.
• “Affordable housing initiatives, while challenging to implement, can revolutionize urban landscapes and socioeconomic equity.” Addressing urbanization challenges.
• “Virtual reality (VR) in therapy holds potential for exposure treatment, phobia management, and even PTSD rehabilitation.” A dive into therapeutic tech innovations.
• “Fair trade practices not only ensure equitable pay but also promote sustainable farming and community development.” Making a case for conscious consumerism.
• “Pet therapy has demonstrated efficacy in reducing stress, anxiety, and even improving cardiovascular health.” Pets’ unrecognized therapeutic roles.
• “Desalination, despite high costs, is a promising solution to freshwater scarcity in coastal regions.” Addressing global water challenges.
• “Blended learning models, combining traditional and online methods, cater to diverse learning styles and enhance engagement.” Reinventing modern education.
• “Incorporating mindfulness practices in schools can significantly reduce stress, increase focus, and foster emotional intelligence among students.” For holistic education.
• “Agroforestry, blending agriculture with forestry, offers a sustainable approach to land use, ensuring productivity and biodiversity.” A green thumb approach to farming.
• “While cryptocurrency promises decentralization and financial inclusivity, it also poses significant volatility and regulatory challenges.” A balanced financial perspective.
• “Emphasizing soft skills in education, from empathy to problem-solving, prepares students for modern collaborative workspaces.” Beyond the traditional curriculum.
• “Local farmers’ markets, more than just community hubs, support sustainable agriculture and strengthen local economies.” A fresh take on shopping sustainably
• “Community gardens not only provide fresh produce but also foster neighborhood ties and promote sustainable practices.” Cultivating more than just vegetables.
• “Artificial intelligence in healthcare can streamline diagnosis and treatment but raises ethical concerns about data privacy and decision-making autonomy.” The double-edged sword of AI.
• “Multilingual education not only promotes linguistic skills but also enhances cognitive flexibility and cultural understanding.” Celebrating linguistic diversity.
• “Adopting renewable energy sources isn’t just environmentally prudent; it can drive job creation and reduce dependency on fossil fuels.” A brighter, greener future.
• “While e-commerce offers convenience, supporting local businesses is crucial for community sustainability and personalized shopping experiences.” Balancing online with local.
• “Stem cell research, despite controversy, has the potential to revolutionize medicine, offering treatments for previously incurable conditions.” Pushing medical boundaries.
• “Intergenerational programs, bringing together the young and old, can bridge cultural gaps and combat age-related stereotypes.” Mending age-old divides.
• “Public transportation infrastructure investments not only ease urban congestion but also reduce carbon emissions and foster social equity.” A move towards sustainable mobility.
• “Incorporating financial literacy programs in school curricula prepares students for real-world challenges and fosters responsible money management.” The value of early financial education.
• “Biophilic design in urban planning, integrating nature with architecture, can enhance residents’ well-being and reduce urban heat islands.” Designing with nature in mind.
• “The circular economy model, emphasizing recycling and reuse, is not just eco-friendly but also a sustainable business strategy.” Rethinking consumption patterns.
• “Investing in mental health services in workplaces can increase productivity, reduce absenteeism, and foster overall well-being among employees.” Prioritizing mental well-being at work.
• “Personalized learning, tailoring education to individual needs, can cater to diverse learners and elevate overall educational outcomes.” A customized approach to education.
• “Restorative justice practices, focusing on reconciliation, can transform traditional punitive systems, fostering community healing and offender rehabilitation.” Rethinking justice.
• “Microfinance initiatives not only provide capital to the underserved but also empower communities, especially women, towards financial independence.” Small loans, significant impacts.
• “Nature-based tourism, if managed responsibly, can boost local economies while promoting environmental conservation.” Travelling with purpose.
• “Public libraries, beyond being knowledge repositories, act as community hubs, fostering inclusivity, and lifelong learning.” The unsung heroes of communities.
• “Co-working spaces, beyond their modern appeal, facilitate networking, foster collaboration, and can even promote work-life balance.” Redefining the modern workspace.
• “Inclusion of arts in education can stimulate creativity, enhance critical thinking, and foster holistic intellectual development.” Championing the arts.
• “Edible landscaping, integrating food crops with ornamental plants, can transform urban spaces into productive, sustainable ecosystems.” Gardens that feed communities
• “Cultural exchange programs at the student level can promote global understanding, fostering peace and cooperation for future generations.” Bridging global divides early on.
• “Telehealth, although born out of necessity in many cases, has the potential to revolutionize healthcare accessibility, especially in remote areas.” Healthcare at your fingertips.
• “Urban farming initiatives not only provide local produce but also combat the urban heat island effect and promote biodiversity.” Cityscapes turned green.
• “Ethical consumerism isn’t just a trend; it can drive businesses to adopt sustainable and socially responsible practices.” Voting with your wallet.
• “The integration of mindfulness practices in schools can enhance student focus, reduce stress, and promote emotional intelligence.” Breathing life into education.
• “Pet therapy, beyond the evident joys, can significantly aid in emotional healing, reducing anxiety and depression.” Healing with a paw or a purr.
• “Preserving indigenous languages is essential, not only for cultural heritage but also for the unique worldviews they offer.” Linguistic treasures of humanity.
• “Supporting women in STEM fields is not just about gender equality; it enriches research and drives innovation through diverse perspectives.” Science, enhanced by diversity.
• “Green rooftops, apart from being aesthetically pleasing, can significantly reduce energy consumption and support urban wildlife habitats.” Elevating green solutions.
• “Incorporating urban greenways promotes physical health, fosters community interactions, and enhances the overall livability of cities.” Paths to a healthier urban future.

A strong thesis statement paves the way for well-researched and impactful discussions, guiding readers through the intended narrative of the work.

Strong vs Weak Thesis Statement Examples

An impactful thesis statement captures the essence of an argument concisely, presenting a clear stance on an issue. On the other hand, a weak thesis might be vague, lacking a definitive point of view. Comparing strong vs. weak thesis statements helps in understanding the difference in depth, clarity, and precision. Below is a table illustrating this contrast:

Strong Thesis Statement Examples for Argumentative Essay

A potent argumentative essay thesis statement explicitly presents an argument, setting the foundation for persuasion. Here are ten examples:

• The death penalty is an outdated form of punishment and should be abolished due to its potential for irreversible mistakes.
• Animal testing is not only cruel but also ineffective and should be replaced by alternative research methods.
• GMOs, when regulated and appropriately used, can help combat world hunger and reduce pesticide usage.
• The gender wage gap is not only a matter of equality but also an economic imperative for a progressive society.
• Censoring media under the guise of national security restricts freedom of expression and curtails democratic discourse.
• The normalization of gig economy jeopardizes worker rights, leading to exploitation.
• The Second Amendment shouldn’t be an excuse against common-sense gun regulations.
• The electoral college system is archaic and does not truly represent the democratic wishes of the modern American populace.
• Legalizing marijuana can aid in reducing the burden on the legal system and provide medicinal and economic benefits.
• Privatization of essential services like water and electricity often leads to monopolies that neglect public welfare.

Strong Thesis Statement Examples for High School

Crafting a compelling thesis statement in high school lays the groundwork for effective argumentation and critical thinking. Here are ten examples:

• The influence of social media on teenagers’ self-esteem has more negative implications than positive ones.
• The “Great Gatsby” is not just a tragic love story but a portrayal of the decay of the American Dream.
• Extracurricular activities in high school are essential for holistic development and should be equally emphasized as academics.
• The portrayal of women in classic literature often reflects societal biases, as evident in Austen’s novels.
• Adolescents should have a say in their educational curriculum to foster engagement and passion.
• Cyberbullying in high schools is a by-product of technology misuse and requires stringent school policies for prevention.
• Early school start times adversely affect student health and academic performance.
• Parental involvement, while beneficial, can become counterproductive if excessively intrusive in high school education.
• Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet” exemplifies the dangers of impulsive decisions in youth.
• Implementing financial literacy courses in high school is crucial for preparing students for adulthood.

Strong Thesis Statement Examples for Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is a contemporary issue with profound effects. A strong thesis on this topic should address the nuances of digital harassment:

• The rise of social media platforms has inadvertently created an arena for cyberbullying, impacting mental health.
• Anonymity on the internet emboldens bullies, making it essential to have stricter online identity verifications.
• Cyberbullying can lead to long-term psychological trauma, highlighting the need for robust support systems.
• Schools need to adapt and incorporate cyberbullying awareness in their curriculum, preparing students for digital citizenship.
• Legislation against cyberbullying is not just a necessity but a testament to recognizing online spaces as extensions of our society.
• Online platforms should bear a shared responsibility in combating cyberbullying through better content monitoring.
• The normalization of trolling culture on the internet is a gateway to more severe forms of cyberbullying.
• The psychological impacts of cyberbullying are intensified due to the permanence and ubiquity of digital content.
• Parents and guardians should be educated about the signs of cyberbullying to protect and support their children effectively.
• Digital literacy programs should incorporate cyberbullying prevention as a foundational element to foster respectful online interactions.

How to Start a Strong Thesis Statement?

Understanding the Essence: Before you even begin, understand that a thesis statement encapsulates the main point of your paper in a concise manner. It’s not just a simple statement; it needs to be arguable and definitive.

1. Choose a Clear Topic: To craft a potent thesis statement, you first need a clear and specific topic. This could be anything from the subject of your research to the argument you wish to defend or refute.

2. Take a Stand: Your thesis statement shouldn’t merely state a fact. Instead, it should take a position or make an assertion.

3. Be Precise: Narrow down your statement to be as specific as possible. Avoid vague words and ensure your statement clearly expresses what you intend to discuss.

Good vs. Strong Thesis Statement

A good thesis statement might be clear and take a position, but a strong thesis statement goes further. It’s:

• Debatable: There should be a genuine controversy surrounding your statement, not something universally agreed upon.
• Specific: It uses concrete facts, figures, or points and doesn’t rely on generalities.
• Concise: It gets to the point quickly, avoiding unnecessary words.
• Informed: It shows a deep understanding of the topic.

For instance, a good statement might be: “Reading helps brain development in children.” A strong version would be: “Regular reading of literature from diverse genres between the ages 5 to 10 significantly boosts neural connectivity and cognitive flexibility in children.”

How to Write a Strong Thesis Statement?

1. Ask Questions: Start by posing questions about your topic. Your answers might form a preliminary version of your thesis statement.

2. Avoid the Obvious: Don’t just state a fact. Push yourself to think critically about the subject.

3. Use Strong Language: Avoid wishy-washy language. Use definitive language that shows you are making an assertion.

4. Test it Out: Before finalizing, test your thesis. Can you argue against it? If not, it might not be strong enough.

5. Revise as Necessary: Your first draft of a thesis statement won’t always be the best one. As your paper evolves, ensure that your thesis evolves with it.

Tips for Writing a Strong Thesis Statement

• Stay Focused: Your thesis should be specific enough to stay within the boundaries of your paper.
• Position it Right: Typically, your thesis statement should be the last one or two sentences in your introductory paragraph.
• Stay Objective: A thesis statement shouldn’t be a subjective judgment. Instead, it should be based on evidence.
• Seek Feedback: Before finalizing, get opinions from peers or mentors. Fresh eyes might catch ambiguities or areas of improvement.
• Avoid Clichés: Make your statement original, even if the topic is common. Avoid predictable thoughts and challenge existing viewpoints if possible.

Remember, your thesis statement is the backbone of your paper. Invest time in crafting a strong one, and your paper will stand tall and clear.

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

10 Examples of Public speaking

20 Examples of Gas lighting

Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement

Learning objectives.

• Understand the elements of a strong, clear thesis statement
• Revise a thesis statement to make it clearer

Have you ever known a person who was not very good at telling stories? You probably had trouble following his train of thought as he jumped around from point to point, either being too brief in places that needed further explanation or providing too many details on a meaningless element. Maybe he told the end of the story first, then moved to the beginning and later added details to the middle. His ideas were probably scattered, and the story did not flow very well. When the story was over, you probably had many questions.

Just as a personal anecdote can be a disorganized mess, an essay can fall into the same trap of being out of order and confusing. That is why writers need a thesis statement to provide a specific focus for their essay and to organize what they are about to discuss in the body.

Just like a topic sentence summarizes a single paragraph, the thesis statement summarizes an entire essay. It tells the reader the point you want to make in your essay, while the essay itself supports that point. It is like a signpost that signals the essay’s destination. You should form your thesis before you begin to organize an essay, but you may find that it needs revision as the essay develops.

Elements of a Thesis Statement

For every essay you write, you must focus on a central idea. This idea stems from a topic you have chosen or been assigned or from a question your teacher has asked. It is not enough merely to discuss a general topic or simply answer a question with a yes or no. You have to form a specific opinion, and then articulate that into a controlling idea—the main idea upon which you build your thesis.

Remember that a thesis is not the topic itself, but rather your interpretation of the question or subject. For whatever topic your professor gives you, you must ask yourself, “What do I want to say about it?” Asking and then answering this question is vital to forming a thesis that is precise, forceful and confident.

A thesis is one sentence long and appears toward the end of your introduction. It is specific and focuses on one to three points of a single idea—points that are able to be demonstrated in the body. It forecasts the content of the essay and suggests how you will organize your information. Remember that a thesis statement does not summarize an issue but rather dissects it.

A Strong Thesis Statement

A strong thesis statement contains the following qualities.

Specificity . A thesis statement must concentrate on a specific area of a general topic. As you may recall, the creation of a thesis statement begins when you choose a broad subject and then narrow down its parts until you pinpoint a specific aspect of that topic. For example, health care is a broad topic, but a proper thesis statement would focus on a specific area of that topic, such as options for individuals without health care coverage.

Precision . A strong thesis statement must be precise enough to allow for a coherent argument and to remain focused on the topic. If the specific topic is options for individuals without health care coverage, then your precise thesis statement must make an exact claim about it, such as that limited options exist for those who are uninsured by their employers. You must further pinpoint what you are going to discuss regarding these limited effects, such as whom they affect and what the cause is.

Ability to be argued . A thesis statement must present a relevant and specific argument. A factual statement often is not considered arguable. Be sure your thesis statement contains a point of view that can be supported with evidence.

Ability to be demonstrated . For any claim you make in your thesis, you must be able to provide reasons and examples for your opinion. You can rely on personal observations in order to do this, or you can consult outside sources to demonstrate that what you assert is valid. A worthy argument is backed by examples and details.

Forcefulness . A thesis statement that is forceful shows readers that you are, in fact, making an argument. The tone is assertive and takes a stance that others might oppose.

Confidence . In addition to using force in your thesis statement, you must also use confidence in your claim. Phrases such as I feel or I believe actually weaken the readers’ sense of your confidence because these phrases imply that you are the only person who feels the way you do. In other words, your stance has insufficient backing. Taking an authoritative stance on the matter persuades your readers to have faith in your argument and open their minds to what you have to say.

Even in a personal essay that allows the use of first person, your thesis should not contain phrases such as in my opinion or I believe. These statements reduce your credibility and weaken your argument. Your opinion is more convincing when you use a firm attitude.

Examples of Appropriate Thesis Statements

Each of the following thesis statements meets several of the following requirements:

• Specificity
• Ability to be argued
• Ability to be demonstrated
• Forcefulness

Ex: The societal and personal struggles of Troy Maxon in the play Fences symbolize the challenge of black males who lived through segregation and integration in the United States.

Ex: Closing all American borders for a period of five years is one solution that will tackle illegal immigration.

Ex: Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony in Romeo and Juliet spoils the outcome for the audience and weakens the plot.

Ex: J. D. Salinger’s character in Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, is a confused rebel who voices his disgust with phonies, yet in an effort to protect himself, he acts like a phony on many occasions.

Ex: Compared to an absolute divorce, no-fault divorce is less expensive, promotes fairer settlements, and reflects a more realistic view of the causes for marital breakdown.

Ex: Exposing children from an early age to the dangers of drug abuse is a sure method of preventing future drug addicts.

Ex: In today’s crumbling job market, a high school diploma is not significant enough education to land a stable, lucrative job.

You can find thesis statements in many places, such as in the news; in the opinions of friends, coworkers or teachers; and even in songs you hear on the radio. Become aware of thesis statements in everyday life by paying attention to people’s opinions and their reasons for those opinions. Pay attention to your own everyday thesis statements as well, as these can become material for future essays.

Now that you have read about the contents of a good thesis statement and have seen examples, take a look at the pitfalls to avoid when composing your own thesis:

A thesis is weak when it is simply a declaration of your subject or a description of what you will discuss in your essay.

Ex: Weak thesis statement: My paper will explain why imagination is more important than knowledge.

A thesis is weak when it makes an unreasonable or outrageous claim or insults the opposing side.

Ex: Weak thesis statement: Religious radicals across America are trying to legislate their Puritanical beliefs by banning required high school books.

A thesis is weak when it contains an obvious fact or something that no one can disagree with or provides a dead end.

Ex: Weak thesis statement: Advertising companies use sex to sell their products.

A thesis is weak when the statement is too broad.

Ex: Weak thesis statement: The life of Abraham Lincoln was long and challenging.

WRITING AT WORK

Often in your career, you will need to ask your boss for something through an e-mail. Just as a thesis statement organizes an essay, it can also organize your e-mail request. While your e-mail will be shorter than an essay, using a thesis statement in your first paragraph quickly lets your boss know what you are asking for, why it is necessary, and what the benefits are. In short body paragraphs, you can provide the essential information needed to expand upon your request.

Thesis Statement Revision

Your thesis will probably change as you write, so you will need to modify it to reflect exactly what you have discussed in your essay. Remember that your thesis statement begins as a working thesis statement, an indefinite statement that you make about your topic early in the writing process for the purpose of planning and guiding your writing.

Working thesis statements often become stronger as you gather information and form new opinions and reasons for those opinions. Revision helps you strengthen your thesis so that it matches what you have expressed in the body of the paper.

The best way to revise your thesis statement is to ask questions about it and then examine the answers to those questions. By challenging your own ideas and forming definite reasons for those ideas, you grow closer to a more precise point of view, which you can then incorporate into your thesis statement.

Ways to Revise Your Thesis

You can cut down on irrelevant aspects and revise your thesis by taking the following steps:

1. Pinpoint and replace all nonspecific words, such as people, everything, society, or life, with more precise words in order to reduce any vagueness.

Working thesis: Young people have to work hard to succeed in life.

Revised thesis: Recent college graduates must have discipline and persistence in order to find and maintain a stable job in which they can use and be appreciated for their talents.

The revised thesis makes a more specific statement about success and what it means to work hard. The original includes too broad a range of people and does not define exactly what success entails. By replacing those general words like people and work hard, the writer can better focus his or her research and gain more direction in his or her writing.

2. Clarify ideas that need explanation by asking yourself questions that narrow your thesis.

Working thesis: The welfare system is a joke.

Revised thesis: The welfare system keeps a socioeconomic class from gaining employment by alluring members of that class with unearned income, instead of programs to improve their education and skill sets.

A joke means many things to many people. Readers bring all sorts of backgrounds and perspectives to the reading process and would need clarification for a word so vague. This expression may also be too informal for the selected audience. By asking questions, the writer can devise a more precise and appropriate explanation for joke. The writer should ask himself or herself questions similar to the 5WH questions. (Who? What? Where? When? Why? and How? are the 5WH questions). By incorporating the answers to these questions into a thesis statement, the writer more accurately defines his or her stance, which will better guide the writing of the essay.

3. Replace any linking verbs with action verbs. Linking verbs are forms of the verb to be, a verb that simply states that a situation exists.

Working thesis : Kansas City schoolteachers are not paid enough.

Revised thesis : The Kansas City legislature cannot afford to pay its educators, resulting in job cuts and resignations in a district that sorely needs highly qualified and dedicated teachers.

The linking verb in this working thesis statement is the word are. Linking verbs often make thesis statements weak because they do not express action. Rather, they connect words and phrases to the second half of the sentence. Readers might wonder, “Why are they not paid enough?” But this statement does not compel them to ask many more questions. The writer should ask himself or herself questions in order to replace the linking verb with an action verb, thus forming a stronger thesis statement, one that takes a more definitive stance on the issue:

• Who is not paying the teachers enough?
• What is considered “enough”?
• What is the problem?
• What are the results

4. Omit any general claims that are hard to support.

Working thesis : Today’s teenage girls are too sexualized.

Revised thesis : Teenage girls who are captivated by the sexual images on MTV are conditioned to believe that a woman’s worth depends on her sensuality, a feeling that harms their self-esteem and behavior.

It is true that some young women in today’s society are more sexualized than in the past, but that is not true for all girls. Many girls have strict parents, dress appropriately, and do not engage in sexual activity while in middle school and high school. The writer of this thesis should ask the following questions:

• Which teenage girls?
• What constitutes “too” sexualized?
• Why are they behaving that way?
• Where does this behavior show up?
• What are the repercussions?

In your career you may have to write a project proposal that focuses on a particular problem in your company, such as reinforcing the tardiness policy. The proposal would aim to fix the problem; using a thesis statement would clearly state the boundaries of the problem and tell the goals of the project. After writing the proposal, you may find that the thesis needs revision to reflect exactly what is expressed in the body. Using the techniques from this chapter would apply to revising that thesis.

Key Takeaways

• Proper essays require a thesis statement to provide a specific focus and suggest how the essay will be organized.

• A thesis statement is your interpretation of the subject, not the topic itself.

• A strong thesis is specific, precise, forceful, confident, and is able to be demonstrated.

• A strong thesis challenges readers with a point of view that can be debated and can be supported with evidence.

• A weak thesis is simply a declaration of your topic or contains an obvious fact that cannot be argued.

• Depending on your topic, it may or may not be appropriate to use first person point of view.

• Revise your thesis by ensuring all words are specific, all ideas are exact, and all verbs express action.

Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement Copyright © 2016 by Jennifer Kepka is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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How to Assess the Strength or Weakness of a Thesis Statement

A strong thesis statement is a critical element of almost any academic paper, summarizing what the paper is about, offering a clear point of view and providing evidence supporting your opinion. If your thesis isn't strong enough, however, the paper may be weak or confusing. Assessing the strength of your thesis involves understanding the qualities that can make a thesis weak, considering each word in your thesis statement and making sure you've included all necessary components.

Strong Thesis Statements

A strong thesis statement offers a clear, specific point of view. A strong thesis is also debatable, meaning a reader could oppose or dispute your position, and it offers some evidence to support your opinion. Together, these elements tell the reader exactly what your opinion is, why and what the reader can expect from the rest of the paper. An example of a strong thesis is: "School uniforms are beneficial for high school students because they create a sense of unity, may cut down on bullying, and are more affordable for parents."

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How to write objectives in papers, how to take a stand in a thesis statement, how to write a rebuttal essay, how to write a persuasive essay, how to write a movie response essay, weak thesis statements.

A weak thesis statement is often too broad or ambiguous, making it difficult for the reader to understand your position. Weak thesis statements may also lack evidence. For example, "Technology is helpful" is a weak thesis because it's not clear what kind of technology you're referring to, who technology helps or why it's beneficial. Attempting to argue more than one point of view also weakens a thesis. For example, "The border should be eliminated or expanded" is a weak thesis statement. Another red flag is if a reader can't dispute your thesis because you're presenting facts rather than a debatable opinion.

Test Each Word

One way to assess the strength or weakness of a thesis statement is to review every word in your thesis to determine whether it could be clearer or more specific. For example, the thesis "Border controls should be eliminated" could be clearer by stating the specific borders you're writing about. Review the evidence you included in your thesis to make sure it addresses "how" or "why." For example, if you wrote, "Border controls between the U.S. and Canada should be eliminated," make sure you include support to answer the question of how or why those borders should be eliminated. If a reader can't determine the "why" or "how," your thesis may be weak.

Use a Checklist

A weak thesis statement is missing one or more of the requirements of a thesis statement. Use a checklist to make sure you cover all of the elements. Your thesis should be one or two sentences, debatable, specific, and include evidence to support your point of view. The simple act of checking off each requirement can help make sure your thesis is strong.

• The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Thesis Statements
• Purdue Online Writing Lab: Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements
• Odyssey: From Paragraph to Essay; William J. Kelly and Deborah L. Lawton.

Amy Mahoney has been a writer for more than 15 years. Her articles have appeared in newspapers and magazines including “The Boston Globe,” “Reader’s Digest” and the “Miami Herald.” She holds a Master of Fine Arts in fiction.

Encyclopedia for Writers

Writing with artificial intelligence, when is a thesis considered weak.

What is a weak thesis? How can a weak thesis be revised to make it stronger and more insightful? How should a thesis be developed?

Table of Contents

A well-developed thesis statement should clearly and concisely communicate the main point, purpose, or argument of a paper. A weak thesis may be unfocused, incomplete, or inaccurate in some way. Building a focused, accurate thesis can be a challenge, but revising a weak thesis to make it complete and insightful will strengthen the paper’s foundation.

Related Concepts: Organizational Schema; Thesis, Research Question, Hypothesis, Title ; Weak Thesis

How can a weak thesis be revised to make it stronger and more insightful?

• Weak : Should schools require students to take Physical Education courses or play a school sport?
• Revised : A productive form of physical activity should be offered by schools to encourage healthy exercise habits and to lower childhood obesity rates.
• Weak : Taking affirmative action is a way to confront discrimination.
• Revised : Taking affirmative action is still necessary today to confront discrimination and ensure fair representation of gender and ethnicity within universities and workplaces.
• Weak : Marijuana should not be legalized because smoking it is morally wrong.
• Revised : Marijuana should not be legalized because research has shown that its use negatively affects brain cells, compromises the user’s judgment, and can become addictive.
• Weak: Teenagers have things easier than in the past due to several advancements in society.
• Revised: Today’s teenagers can access information quickly and easily due to technological advancements such as the wide availability of computers, high-speed Internet connections, and electronically searchable databases.
• Weak: Providing iPads for each student is probably an unrealistic goal because damaging cuts are being made to educational spending, but this new technology should be provided as it is a useful tool for teaching students several skills.
• Revised: Public schools should provide an iPad for each student because the device can be used as a helpful teaching tool in a variety of subject areas.

How should a thesis be developed?

• e. g., unwanted teen pregnancy

The main point, purpose, or argument

• e. g., incidence can be reduced

The how or why of the purpose or argument

• e. g., by providing support for abstinence programs, increasing funding for sex education, and making contraceptives more accessible to teens

Example of a well-developed thesis:

The incidence of unwanted teen pregnancies can be reduced by providing support for abstinence programs, increasing funding for sex education, and making contraceptives more accessible to teens.

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