research objectives mcqs

Research Methodology Quiz | MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

In order to enhance your understanding of research methodology, we have made thought-provoking quiz featuring multiple-choice questions.

The quiz aimed to sharpen your critical thinking skills and reinforce our grasp on essential concepts in the realm of research. By actively participating in this exercise, we deepened your appreciation for the significance of selecting the right research methods to achieve reliable and meaningful results.

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Related posts, 100 research methodology key terms | definitions, how to create table of contents for research paper, how to control extraneous variables, research paper outline template: examples of structured research paper outlines, alternative hypothesis: types and examples, dependent variable in research: examples, what is an independent variable, how to write a conclusion for research paper | examples, example of abstract for your research paper: tips, dos, and don’ts, journal publication ethics for authors, leave a reply cancel reply.

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430+ Research Methodology (RM) Solved MCQs

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Research Methodology

• Introduction to Research Methodology
• Research Approaches
• Concepts of Theory and Empiricism
• Characteristics of scientific method
• Understanding the Language of Research
• 11 Steps in Research Process
• Research Design
• Different Research Designs
• Compare and Contrast the Main Types of Research Designs
• Cross-sectional research design
• Qualitative and Quantitative Research
• Descriptive Research VS Qualitative Research
• Experimental Research VS Quantitative Research
• Sampling Design
• Probability VS Non-Probability Sampling

40 MCQ on Research Methodology

• MCQ on research Process
• MCQ on Research Design
• 18 MCQ on Quantitative Research
• 30 MCQ on Qualitative Research
• 45 MCQ on Sampling Methods
• 20 MCQ on Principles And Planning For Research

Q1. Which of the following statement is correct? (A) Reliability ensures the validity (B) Validity ensures reliability (C) Reliability and validity are independent of each other (D) Reliability does not depend on objectivity

Answer:  (C)

Q2. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Objectives of research are stated in first chapter of the thesis (B) Researcher must possess analytical ability (C) Variability is the source of problem (D) All the above

Answer:  (D)

Q3. The first step of research is: (A) Selecting a problem (B) Searching a problem (C) Finding a problem (D) Identifying a problem

Q4. Research can be conducted by a person who: (A) holds a postgraduate degree (B) has studied research methodology (C) possesses thinking and reasoning ability (D) is a hard worker

Answer: (B)

Q5. Research can be classified as: (A) Basic, Applied and Action Research (B) Philosophical, Historical, Survey and Experimental Research (C) Quantitative and Qualitative Research (D) All the above

Q6. To test null hypothesis, a researcher uses: (A) t test (B) ANOVA (C)  X 2 (D) factorial analysis

Answer:  (B)

Q7. Bibliography given in a research report: (A) shows vast knowledge of the researcher (B) helps those interested in further research (C) has no relevance to research (D) all the above

Q8. A research problem is feasible only when: (A) it has utility and relevance (B) it is researchable (C) it is new and adds something to knowledge (D) all the above

Q9. The study in which the investigators attempt to trace an effect is known as: (A) Survey Research (B) Summative Research (C) Historical Research (D) ‘Ex-post Facto’ Research

Answer: (D)

Q10. Generalized conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Answer:  (A)

Q11. Fundamental research reflects the ability to: (A) Synthesize new ideals (B) Expound new principles (C) Evaluate the existing material concerning research (D) Study the existing literature regarding various topics

Q12. The main characteristic of scientific research is: (A) empirical (B) theoretical (C) experimental (D) all of the above

Q13. Authenticity of a research finding is its: (A) Originality (B) Validity (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above

Q14. Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite? (A) Area Sampling Technique (B) Purposive Sampling Technique (C) Systematic Sampling Technique (D) None of the above

Q15. Research problem is selected from the stand point of: (A) Researcher’s interest (B) Financial support (C) Social relevance (D) Availability of relevant literature

Q16. The research is always – (A) verifying the old knowledge (B) exploring new knowledge (C) filling the gap between knowledge (D) all of these

Q17. Research is (A) Searching again and again (B) Finding a solution to any problem (C) Working in a scientific way to search for the truth of any problem (D) None of the above

Q20. A common test in research demands much priority on (A) Reliability (B) Useability (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above

Q21. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process? (A) Searching sources of information to locate the problem. (B) Survey of related literature (C) Identification of the problem (D) Searching for solutions to the problem

Answer: (C)

Q22. Which correlation coefficient best explains the relationship between creativity and intelligence? (A) 1.00 (B) 0.6 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.3

Q23. Manipulation is always a part of (A) Historical research (B) Fundamental research (C) Descriptive research (D) Experimental research

Explanation: In experimental research, researchers deliberately manipulate one or more independent variables to observe their effects on dependent variables. The goal is to establish cause-and-effect relationships and test hypotheses. This type of research often involves control groups and random assignment to ensure the validity of the findings. Manipulation is an essential aspect of experimental research to assess the impact of specific variables and draw conclusions about their influence on the outcome.

Q24. The research which is exploring new facts through the study of the past is called (A) Philosophical research (B) Historical research (C) Mythological research (D) Content analysis

Q25. A null hypothesis is (A) when there is no difference between the variables (B) the same as research hypothesis (C) subjective in nature (D) when there is difference between the variables

Q26. We use Factorial Analysis: (A) To know the relationship between two variables (B) To test the Hypothesis (C) To know the difference between two variables (D) To know the difference among the many variables

Explanation: Factorial analysis, specifically factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), is used to investigate the effects of two or more independent variables on a dependent variable. It helps to determine whether there are significant differences or interactions among the independent variables and their combined effects on the dependent variable.

Q27. Which of the following is classified in the category of the developmental research? (A) Philosophical research (B) Action research (C) Descriptive research (D) All the above

Q28.  Action-research is: (A) An applied research (B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems (C) A longitudinal research (D) All the above

Explanation: Action research is an approach to research that encompasses all the options mentioned. It is an applied research method where researchers work collaboratively with practitioners or stakeholders to address immediate problems or issues in a real-world context. It is often conducted over a period of time, making it a longitudinal research approach. So, all the options (A) An applied research, (B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems, and (C) A longitudinal research are correct when describing action research.

Q29.  The basis on which assumptions are formulated: (A) Cultural background of the country (B) Universities (C) Specific characteristics of the castes (D) All of these

Q30. How can the objectivity of the research be enhanced? (A) Through its impartiality (B) Through its reliability (C) Through its validity (D) All of these

Q31.  A research problem is not feasible only when: (A) it is researchable (B) it is new and adds something to the knowledge (C) it consists of independent and dependent var i ables (D) it has utility and relevance

Explanation:  A research problem is considered feasible when it can be studied and investigated using appropriate research methods and resources. The presence of independent and dependent variables is not a factor that determines the feasibility of a research problem. Instead, it is an essential component of a well-defined research problem that helps in formulating research questions or hypotheses. Feasibility depends on whether the research problem can be addressed and answered within the constraints of available time, resources, and methods. Options (A), (B), and (D) are more relevant to the feasibility of a research problem.

Q32. The process not needed in experimental research is: (A) Observation (B) Manipulation and replication (C) Controlling (D) Reference collection

In experimental research, reference collection is not a part of the process.

Q33. When a research problem is related to heterogeneous population, the most suitable sampling method is: (A) Cluster Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Convenient Sampling (D) Lottery Method

Explanation: When a research problem involves a heterogeneous population, stratified sampling is the most suitable sampling method. Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics or variables. Each stratum represents a relatively homogeneous subset of the population. Then, a random sample is taken from each stratum in proportion to its size or importance in the population. This method ensures that the sample is representative of the diversity present in the population and allows for more precise estimates of population parameters for each subgroup.

Q34.  Generalised conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Explanation: Generalized conclusions based on a sample are achieved through statistical inference. It involves using sample data to make inferences or predictions about a larger population. Statistical inference helps researchers draw conclusions, estimate parameters, and test hypotheses about the population from which the sample was taken. It is a fundamental concept in statistics and plays a crucial role in various fields, including research, data analysis, and decision-making.

Q35. The experimental study is based on

(A) The manipulation of variables (B) Conceptual parameters (C) Replication of research (D) Survey of literature

Q36.  Which one is called non-probability sampling? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Quota sampling (C) Systematic sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Q37.  Formulation of hypothesis may NOT be required in: (A) Survey method (B) Historical studies (C) Experimental studies (D) Normative studies

Q38. Field-work-based research is classified as: (A) Empirical (B) Historical (C) Experimental (D) Biographical

Q39. Which of the following sampling method is appropriate to study the prevalence of AIDS amongst male and female in India in 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Systematic sampling (C) Quota sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Q40. The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is: (A) Applied research (B) Action research (C) Experimental research (D) None of these

Answer: (A)

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• Research Methodology Objective Question and Answer

Research Methodology MCQ Questions and Answers for Practice

Test your skills in research methodologyquiz online.

Embark on a journey through the intricate world of research methodology MCQs with our comprehensive collection of multiple-choice questions and answers. Whether you're a student delving into the principles of research, an academic researcher refining your methodologies, or a professional seeking to enhance your research skills, our repository offers invaluable insights. Explore topics such as research design, data collection methods, sampling techniques, data analysis, and research ethics. Each multiple-choice question is meticulously crafted to challenge your understanding and ignite your curiosity about the dynamic field of research methodology. From understanding the differences between qualitative and quantitative research to mastering experimental design and hypothesis testing, our MCQs provide a comprehensive exploration of all facets of research methodology. Start exploring today to deepen your knowledge and excel in conducting rigorous and methodologically sound research!

Test Your Skills in Research Methodology Quiz Online

Research methodology questions with answers.

1. A Research Report is a formal statement of

• Data collection
• Data Editing
• Research Process
• Research Problem

2. Schedule is filled by

• None of the above

3. Questionnaire is filled by

4. Different people hold .................. of the same thing

• Same and different

5. Facts, figures and other relevant materials serving as bases for a study is called

6. An instrument used in method is called

7. ........................ is a source of problem

• Play grounds
• Infra structures
• Schools and Colleges
• Class Room Lectures

8. .................... is a quality of Good Researcher

• Scientific temper

9. Social Science Research in India aims at a ................. state

• Totalitarian

10. Good Research is always

11. ..................... is a quality of Good Hypothesis

• applicability
• Small in size
• Conceptual Clarity

12. ................. helps in social planning

• Problem formulation
• diagnostic study
• Social Science Research
• Experience Survey

13. All the physical components of the computer are collectively called

14. Converting a question into a Researchable problem is called …………

• Problem Solving
• Examination

15. The problem selected must have

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• Last »

Multiple Choice Questions and Answers on Research Methodology

Research methodology multiple choice questions and answers, research methodology trivia quiz, research methodology question and answer pdf online.

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Research Aims, Objectives & Questions

The “Golden Thread” Explained Simply (+ Examples)

By: David Phair (PhD) and Alexandra Shaeffer (PhD) | June 2022

The research aims , objectives and research questions (collectively called the “golden thread”) are arguably the most important thing you need to get right when you’re crafting a research proposal , dissertation or thesis . We receive questions almost every day about this “holy trinity” of research and there’s certainly a lot of confusion out there, so we’ve crafted this post to help you navigate your way through the fog.

Overview: The Golden Thread

• What is the golden thread
• What are research aims ( examples )
• What are research objectives ( examples )
• What are research questions ( examples )
• The importance of alignment in the golden thread

What is the “golden thread”?  

The golden thread simply refers to the collective research aims , research objectives , and research questions for any given project (i.e., a dissertation, thesis, or research paper ). These three elements are bundled together because it’s extremely important that they align with each other, and that the entire research project aligns with them.

Importantly, the golden thread needs to weave its way through the entirety of any research project , from start to end. In other words, it needs to be very clearly defined right at the beginning of the project (the topic ideation and proposal stage) and it needs to inform almost every decision throughout the rest of the project. For example, your research design and methodology will be heavily influenced by the golden thread (we’ll explain this in more detail later), as well as your literature review.

The research aims, objectives and research questions (the golden thread) define the focus and scope ( the delimitations ) of your research project. In other words, they help ringfence your dissertation or thesis to a relatively narrow domain, so that you can “go deep” and really dig into a specific problem or opportunity. They also help keep you on track , as they act as a litmus test for relevance. In other words, if you’re ever unsure whether to include something in your document, simply ask yourself the question, “does this contribute toward my research aims, objectives or questions?”. If it doesn’t, chances are you can drop it.

Alright, enough of the fluffy, conceptual stuff. Let’s get down to business and look at what exactly the research aims, objectives and questions are and outline a few examples to bring these concepts to life.

Research Aims: What are they?

Simply put, the research aim(s) is a statement that reflects the broad overarching goal (s) of the research project. Research aims are fairly high-level (low resolution) as they outline the general direction of the research and what it’s trying to achieve .

Research Aims: Examples  

True to the name, research aims usually start with the wording “this research aims to…”, “this research seeks to…”, and so on. For example:

“This research aims to explore employee experiences of digital transformation in retail HR.”   “This study sets out to assess the interaction between student support and self-care on well-being in engineering graduate students”  

As you can see, these research aims provide a high-level description of what the study is about and what it seeks to achieve. They’re not hyper-specific or action-oriented, but they’re clear about what the study’s focus is and what is being investigated.

Need a helping hand?

Research Objectives: What are they?

The research objectives take the research aims and make them more practical and actionable . In other words, the research objectives showcase the steps that the researcher will take to achieve the research aims.

The research objectives need to be far more specific (higher resolution) and actionable than the research aims. In fact, it’s always a good idea to craft your research objectives using the “SMART” criteria. In other words, they should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound”.

Research Objectives: Examples  

Let’s look at two examples of research objectives. We’ll stick with the topic and research aims we mentioned previously.  

For the digital transformation topic:

To observe the retail HR employees throughout the digital transformation. To assess employee perceptions of digital transformation in retail HR. To identify the barriers and facilitators of digital transformation in retail HR.

And for the student wellness topic:

To determine whether student self-care predicts the well-being score of engineering graduate students. To determine whether student support predicts the well-being score of engineering students. To assess the interaction between student self-care and student support when predicting well-being in engineering graduate students.

  As you can see, these research objectives clearly align with the previously mentioned research aims and effectively translate the low-resolution aims into (comparatively) higher-resolution objectives and action points . They give the research project a clear focus and present something that resembles a research-based “to-do” list.

Research Questions: What are they?

Finally, we arrive at the all-important research questions. The research questions are, as the name suggests, the key questions that your study will seek to answer . Simply put, they are the core purpose of your dissertation, thesis, or research project. You’ll present them at the beginning of your document (either in the introduction chapter or literature review chapter) and you’ll answer them at the end of your document (typically in the discussion and conclusion chapters).  

The research questions will be the driving force throughout the research process. For example, in the literature review chapter, you’ll assess the relevance of any given resource based on whether it helps you move towards answering your research questions. Similarly, your methodology and research design will be heavily influenced by the nature of your research questions. For instance, research questions that are exploratory in nature will usually make use of a qualitative approach, whereas questions that relate to measurement or relationship testing will make use of a quantitative approach.  

Let’s look at some examples of research questions to make this more tangible.

Research Questions: Examples  

Again, we’ll stick with the research aims and research objectives we mentioned previously.  

For the digital transformation topic (which would be qualitative in nature):

How do employees perceive digital transformation in retail HR? What are the barriers and facilitators of digital transformation in retail HR?  

And for the student wellness topic (which would be quantitative in nature):

Does student self-care predict the well-being scores of engineering graduate students? Does student support predict the well-being scores of engineering students? Do student self-care and student support interact when predicting well-being in engineering graduate students?  

You’ll probably notice that there’s quite a formulaic approach to this. In other words, the research questions are basically the research objectives “converted” into question format. While that is true most of the time, it’s not always the case. For example, the first research objective for the digital transformation topic was more or less a step on the path toward the other objectives, and as such, it didn’t warrant its own research question.  

So, don’t rush your research questions and sloppily reword your objectives as questions. Carefully think about what exactly you’re trying to achieve (i.e. your research aim) and the objectives you’ve set out, then craft a set of well-aligned research questions . Also, keep in mind that this can be a somewhat iterative process , where you go back and tweak research objectives and aims to ensure tight alignment throughout the golden thread.

The importance of strong alignment 

Alignment is the keyword here and we have to stress its importance . Simply put, you need to make sure that there is a very tight alignment between all three pieces of the golden thread. If your research aims and research questions don’t align, for example, your project will be pulling in different directions and will lack focus . This is a common problem students face and can cause many headaches (and tears), so be warned.

Take the time to carefully craft your research aims, objectives and research questions before you run off down the research path. Ideally, get your research supervisor/advisor to review and comment on your golden thread before you invest significant time into your project, and certainly before you start collecting data .  

Recap: The golden thread

In this post, we unpacked the golden thread of research, consisting of the research aims , research objectives and research questions . You can jump back to any section using the links below.

As always, feel free to leave a comment below – we always love to hear from you. Also, if you’re interested in 1-on-1 support, take a look at our private coaching service here.

Psst... there’s more!

This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

41 Comments

Thank you very much for your great effort put. As an Undergraduate taking Demographic Research & Methodology, I’ve been trying so hard to understand clearly what is a Research Question, Research Aim and the Objectives in a research and the relationship between them etc. But as for now I’m thankful that you’ve solved my problem.

Well appreciated. This has helped me greatly in doing my dissertation.

An so delighted with this wonderful information thank you a lot.

so impressive i have benefited a lot looking forward to learn more on research.

I am very happy to have carefully gone through this well researched article.

Infact,I used to be phobia about anything research, because of my poor understanding of the concepts.

Now,I get to know that my research question is the same as my research objective(s) rephrased in question format.

I please I would need a follow up on the subject,as I intends to join the team of researchers. Thanks once again.

Thanks so much. This was really helpful.

I know you pepole have tried to break things into more understandable and easy format. And God bless you. Keep it up

i found this document so useful towards my study in research methods. thanks so much.

This is my 2nd read topic in your course and I should commend the simplified explanations of each part. I’m beginning to understand and absorb the use of each part of a dissertation/thesis. I’ll keep on reading your free course and might be able to avail the training course! Kudos!

Thank you! Better put that my lecture and helped to easily understand the basics which I feel often get brushed over when beginning dissertation work.

This is quite helpful. I like how the Golden thread has been explained and the needed alignment.

This is quite helpful. I really appreciate!

The article made it simple for researcher students to differentiate between three concepts.

Very innovative and educational in approach to conducting research.

I am very impressed with all these terminology, as I am a fresh student for post graduate, I am highly guided and I promised to continue making consultation when the need arise. Thanks a lot.

A very helpful piece. thanks, I really appreciate it .

Very well explained, and it might be helpful to many people like me.

Wish i had found this (and other) resource(s) at the beginning of my PhD journey… not in my writing up year… 😩 Anyways… just a quick question as i’m having some issues ordering my “golden thread”…. does it matter in what order you mention them? i.e., is it always first aims, then objectives, and finally the questions? or can you first mention the research questions and then the aims and objectives?

Thank you for a very simple explanation that builds upon the concepts in a very logical manner. Just prior to this, I read the research hypothesis article, which was equally very good. This met my primary objective.

My secondary objective was to understand the difference between research questions and research hypothesis, and in which context to use which one. However, I am still not clear on this. Can you kindly please guide?

In research, a research question is a clear and specific inquiry that the researcher wants to answer, while a research hypothesis is a tentative statement or prediction about the relationship between variables or the expected outcome of the study. Research questions are broader and guide the overall study, while hypotheses are specific and testable statements used in quantitative research. Research questions identify the problem, while hypotheses provide a focus for testing in the study.

Exactly what I need in this research journey, I look forward to more of your coaching videos.

This helped a lot. Thanks so much for the effort put into explaining it.

What data source in writing dissertation/Thesis requires?

What is data source covers when writing dessertation/thesis

This is quite useful thanks

I’m excited and thankful. I got so much value which will help me progress in my thesis.

where are the locations of the reserch statement, research objective and research question in a reserach paper? Can you write an ouline that defines their places in the researh paper?

Very helpful and important tips on Aims, Objectives and Questions.

Thank you so much for making research aim, research objectives and research question so clear. This will be helpful to me as i continue with my thesis.

Thanks much for this content. I learned a lot. And I am inspired to learn more. I am still struggling with my preparation for dissertation outline/proposal. But I consistently follow contents and tutorials and the new FB of GRAD Coach. Hope to really become confident in writing my dissertation and successfully defend it.

As a researcher and lecturer, I find splitting research goals into research aims, objectives, and questions is unnecessarily bureaucratic and confusing for students. For most biomedical research projects, including ‘real research’, 1-3 research questions will suffice (numbers may differ by discipline).

Awesome! Very important resources and presented in an informative way to easily understand the golden thread. Indeed, thank you so much.

Well explained

The blog article on research aims, objectives, and questions by Grad Coach is a clear and insightful guide that aligns with my experiences in academic research. The article effectively breaks down the often complex concepts of research aims and objectives, providing a straightforward and accessible explanation. Drawing from my own research endeavors, I appreciate the practical tips offered, such as the need for specificity and clarity when formulating research questions. The article serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers, offering a concise roadmap for crafting well-defined research goals and objectives. Whether you’re a novice or an experienced researcher, this article provides practical insights that contribute to the foundational aspects of a successful research endeavor.

A great thanks for you. it is really amazing explanation. I grasp a lot and one step up to research knowledge.

I really found these tips helpful. Thank you very much Grad Coach.

I found this article helpful. Thanks for sharing this.

thank you so much, the explanation and examples are really helpful

This is a well researched and superbly written article for learners of research methods at all levels in the research topic from conceptualization to research findings and conclusions. I highly recommend this material to university graduate students. As an instructor of advanced research methods for PhD students, I have confirmed that I was giving the right guidelines for the degree they are undertaking.

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Free download in PDF Research Methodology Multiple Choice Questions(MCQs) & Answers. These multiple choice questions on Research Methodology are very useful for PhD entrance exam.

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Answer: Helps those interested in further research and studying the problem from another angle

Answer: It depends on your point of view

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Answer: Pr absorbs red light and becomes Pfr

Answer: Involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis

Answer: A hypothesis

Answer: Sampling people, newspapers, television programmes etc.

Answer: Introduction; Literature review; Research methods; Results; Discussion; Conclusion

Answer: Research questions

Answer: Experimental studies

Answer: Laboratory and field experiments

Answer: Reference collection

Answer: Emphasis upon the control of the immediate situation

Answer: Longitudinal

Answer: Cross-sectional studies

Answer: Variables

Answer: All of these

Answer: General terms

Answer: Inadequate sample

Answer: Fact finding (historical) studies

Answer: Booth

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY MCQs [2023]

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Research Methodology MCQs [Multiple Choice Questions and Answer] for NTA NET and SLET Exam 2024

Research Methodology MCQs [Part 1] Multiple Choice Questions and Answers Useful for B.Com/M.Com, NTA NET / JRF and SET Exam

In this Post You will get Research Methodology MCQs which is very helpful for the students of B. Com, M. Com, NTA Net and SLET Exam . More than 200 questions are added and more questions will be added soon.

Research methodology Chapter wise MCQs are also available on our blog. Links are given below:

a)  Research Methodology MCQs [Part 1] (40 Questions)

b) Research Methodology MCQS Part I1 (35 Questions)

c) Sampling MCQs (35 Questions)

d) MCQ on Research Problem and Research Plan (20 Questions)

e) Collection of data MCQs (33 Questions)

f) MCQ on Research Report Writing (30 Questions)

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1. The word research is derived from the French word:

c) Resourch

Ans: b) Recerch

2. Research is related with:

a) Discovery of new idea

b) Solution of a problem

c) Investigation of a problem

d) All of the above

Ans: d) All of the above

3. What is the purpose of doing research?

a) To identify problem

b) To find the solution

c) Both A and B

d) None of these

Ans: c) Both A and B

4. Research is

a) Searching again and again

b) Finding solution to any problem

c) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem

d) None of the above

Ans: c) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem

5. Applied research is also called:

a) Analytical research

b) Empirical research

c) Contractual research

d) Qualitative research

Ans: c) Contractual research

6. Action research means:

a) A longitudinal research

b) An Analytical research

c) A research initiated to solve an immediate problem

d) A research with socioeconomic objective

Ans: c) A research initiated to solve an immediate problem

7. Research conducted to find solution for an immediate problem is:

a) Fundamental research

b) Analytical research

d) Action research

Ans: d) Action research

8. Basic research is also known as:

a) Applied research

b) Fundamental research

c) Descriptive research

d) Analytical research

Ans: b) Fundamental research

9. Analytical research is the type of research that:

a) Discovers ways of finding solution of an immediate problem.

b) Gathers knowledge skill.

c) Is useful for formulating hypothesis or testing hypothesis.

d) Analyze the facts or information already available.

Ans: d) Analyze the facts or information already available.

10. Match the following:

11. Research pertaining to pure mathematics or natural laws is the example of:

a) Qualitative research

c) Analytical research

d) Fundamental research

Ans: d) Fundamental research

12. Fundamental research is the type of research that:

Ans: b) Gathers knowledge skill.

13. Research related to abstract ideas or concept is

a) Empirical research

b) Conceptual research

c) Quantitative research

Ans: b) Conceptual research

14. Descriptive research is the type of research that:

c) Only describe the state of affairs as it exists today. It is a fact finding research.

d) Is useful for formulating hypothesis or testing hypothesis.

Ans: c) Only describe the state of affairs as it exists today. It is a fact finding research.

15. Descriptive research is also called as:

b) Qualitative research

c) Statistical research

d) Applied research

Ans: c) Statistical research

16. Descriptive research includes:

a) Fact finding enquiry on social events and system.

b) Hypothesis testing.

c) Ex-post facto research

17. Fundamental research is otherwise called:

a) Basic research

b) Pure research

c) Both a & b

Ans: c) Both a & b

18. Which one of the following is not a feature of descriptive result?

a) It is a fact finding enquiry.

b) Research has no control over variables.

c) Descriptive research is used for hypothesis testing.

d) It is based on measurement of quantity.

Ans: d) It is based on measurement of quantity.

19. The process not needed in experimental research is:

a) Controlling

b) Observation

c) Manipulation

d) Reference collection

Ans: d) Reference collection

20. Research to study the effect of certain policies, plans and programmes is:

b) Descriptive research

c) Evaluation research

d) Casual research

Ans: c) Evaluation research

21. Study of cause and effect relationship between variables is done by:

a) Casual research

b) Empirical research

c) Explanatory research

d) Longitudinal research

Ans: a) Casual research

22. Newton gave three basic laws of motion. This research is categorized as:

a) Descriptive Research

b) Sample Survey

c) Fundamental Research

d)  Applied Research

Ans: c) Fundamental Research

23. Most of the Universities in India:

a) Conduct teaching and research only

b) Affiliate colleges and conduct examinations

c) Conduct teaching/research and examinations

d) Promote research only

Ans: b) Affiliate colleges and conduct examinations

24. Manipulation is always a part of:

a) Historical research

b) Fundamental research

c) Descriptive research

d) Experimental research

Ans: d) Experimental research

25. First stage of research process is:

a) Identification of research problem

b) Review of literature

c) Research design

d) Analysis of data

Ans: a) Identification of research problem

26. Last stage of research process is:

a) Review of literature

b) Report writing

Ans: b) Report writing

27. ________ helps comparison of two or more variables:

a) Classification

b) Tabulation

c) Research

Ans: b) Tabulation

28. One-time research is applicable in case of:

a) Environmental studies

b) Diagnostic Studies

c) Historical Studies

d) Experimental studies

Ans: b) Diagnostic Studies

29. A null hypothesis is

a) When there is no difference between the variables

b) The same as research hypothesis

c) Subjective in nature

d) When there is difference between the variables

Ans: a) When there is no difference between the variables

30. The process not needed in Experimental Researches is:

a) Observation

b) Manipulation

c)  Controlling

d)  Content Analysis

Ans: d) Content Analysis

31. Technical knowledge to solve problem is created in:

a) Critical research

b) Exploratory research

c) Applied research

d) Basic research

Ans: b) Exploratory research

32. Technical Report is otherwise called

a) Interim Report.

b) Popular Report.

d) Summary.

Ans: c) Thesis.

33. A short summary of Technical Report is called

a) Article.

b) Research Abstract.

c) Publication.

Ans: b) Research Abstract.

34. A way of knowing a hypothesis cannot be formed without which of the following?

a) Experimentation

Ans: b) Observation

35. Which of the following is true about research?

a) Research is an art of scientific Investigation.

b) Research is purely an academic activity.   

c) Research should be based on facts.

36. Which of the following is true about hypothesis?

a) A tentative proposition subject to test is hypothesis.

b) Hypothesis cannot be stated in general terms.

c) Hypothesis is capable of being tested.

37. Research process starts with:

a) Hypothesis

b) Experiments to test hypothesis

c) Observation

d) All of these

Ans: d) All of these

38. There are various types of research designed to obtain different types of information. what type of research is used to define problems and suggest hypotheses?

a) Descriptive research

b) Primary research

c) Secondary research

Ans: a) Descriptive research

39. Conducting an experiment on newton's 3rd law of motion is an example of ______ research.

c) Exploratory

d) Descriptive

Ans: b) Basic

40. The final research report is not_____________.

a) Future secondary data.

b) Basis for decision-making.

c) Tangible evidence of a research project.

d) Research proposal.

Ans: c) Tangible evidence of a research project.

41. Formulation of research problem is the:

a) First stage in research process.

b) Last stage in research process.

c) Middle stage in research process.

Ans: a) First stage in research process.

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Study Materials

Research Methodology MCQ Questions and answers pdf

Solved MCQ on research methodology pdf free download. Research MCQs with answers pdf. Research methodology MCQ questions and answers pdf for students of competitive and academic MBA, BBA for regular and distance mode.

Are you looking for a comprehensive resource that contains Research Methodology MCQ questions and answers in one place? If so, this article is perfect for you!

Here, we provide a detailed overview of the most important topics related to Research Methodology MCQ, as well as an array of PDFs containing multiple-choice questions and answers.

Table of Contents

What is Research Methodology

Research methodology is a vital aspect of scientific inquiry that plays an important role in ensuring the validity and reliability of research findings.

It refers to the systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to answer research questions or test hypotheses. The significance of research methodology lies in its ability to provide a framework for conducting research that is both rigorous and transparent.

The process of conducting research begins with identifying the problem or question to be investigated. Once this has been determined, researchers must then select an appropriate methodology based on the nature of their study and the type of data they wish to collect.

This may involve using quantitative methods (such as surveys or experiments), qualitative methods (such as interviews or focus groups), or a combination of both.

Regardless of the specific methodology chosen, it is essential that researchers follow established protocols for data collection and analysis in order to ensure that their findings are reliable and valid.

Solved Research methodology MCQ questions and answers

1. The researcher who is conducting the research must be ___ and neutral in approach. Answer: Objective

2. Research always requires a ___ and ___ method of inquiry Answer: Structured, sequential

3. Research is done for ___ existing theories or arriving at new ___ Answer: Proving, models

4. An important aspect of business research is its ___ assisting nature. Answer: Decision

5. Applied research is the kind of research where one needs to apply specific statistical procedures. (True/ false) Answer: False

6. In basic research, the context is vast and the time period is flexible. (True/ false) Answer: True

7. The research that is especially carried out to test and validate the study hypotheses is termed (a) Fundamental resaeach (b) Applied research (c) Conclusive research (d) Exploratory research Answer: (C)

8. The research studies that explore the effect of one thing on another and more specifically, the effect of one variable on another are known as (a) Causal research (b) Applied research (c) Conclusive research (d) Exploratory research Answer: (A)

9. Every research study always begins with a hypothesis. (True/ false) Answer: False

10. The group of individuals from whom one needs to collect data for the study is called the sample. (True/ false) Answer: True

11. The assumption about the expected result of the research is called the ___. Answer: Hypothesis

12. The data collection methods may be classified into ___ and ___ data methods. Answer: Primary, secondary

13. Marketing department of a business organization carries out research related to: (a) Product (b) Pricing (c) Promotion (d) All the above Answer: (D)

14. Demand forecasting and quality assurance and management are part of (a) Personnel and human resource management (b) Marketing function (c) Financial and accounting research (d) Production and operations management Answer: (A)

15. The research study must follow a ___ plan for investigation. Answer: Sequential

16. One of the most important aspects of a research study is that it must be ___ if one follows similar conditions. Answer: Replicable

17. The management decision problem must be reduced to a ___ problem. Answer: Research

18. A research problem can be defined as ___ in the decision makers’ existing body of knowledge which inhibits efficient decision making. Answer: A gap

19. Simple research problems usually test ___ relationships. Answer: Linear

20. Complex problems look at the interrelationship between ___ variables. Answer: Multiple

21. The management problem is a difficulty faced by the ___ Answer: Decision maker

22. The management research problem has to be converted into a ___ before it can be tested. Answer: Research problem

23. The management decision problem can be tested, that is, subjected to research inquiry. (True/ False) Answer: False

24. How can students be made to learn the course on research methodology is a research problem. (True/False) Answer: False

25. Which of these is not a step in the problem identification process? (a) Discussion with subject experts (b) Review of existing literature (c) Theoretical foundation and model building (d) Management decision making Answer: (D)

26. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) and the Chicago Manual of Style (1993) are: (a) Well known works on research (b) Referencing style guides in management (c) Publishing journals (d) Management journals Answer: (B)

27. A valuable source of problem formulation is based on informal interviews conducted with industry experts. (True/False) Answer: True

28. Formulation of the research problem does not require primary data collection. (True/False) Answer: False

29. The causal variable is also called the ___ variable. Answer: Independent

30. The ___ variable is also called the effect. Answer: Dependent

31. If one evaluates the impact of the pedagogy of Prof. N S on the research methods course grades of students, then Prof. N S, here, is the unit of analysis. (True/False) Answer: False

32. Moderating variables are the ones that have a strong effect on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. (True/False) Answer: True

33. The hypotheses are always made in question form. (True/False) Answer: False

34. The hypotheses must be measurable and quantifiable. (True/False) Answer: True

35. The hypotheses that talk about the relation between two or more variables are called ___ hypotheses. Answer: Relational

36. If one is making a proposition about the magnitude or behavior of a particular population, we call it a ___ hypothesis. Answer: Descriptive

37. A formal document that presents the research objectives, design of achieving these objectives, and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study is called (a) Research design (b) Research proposal (c) Research hypothesis (d) Research report Answer: (B)

38. In a research proposal, the time-bound dissemination of the study with the major phases of the research has to be presented using the (a) CPM (b) GANTT charts (c) PERT charts (d) All the above Answer: (D)

39. Academic proposals require extensive literature review. (True/False) Answer: True

40. External organizational proposals are generally conducted by external research agencies. (True/False) Answer: True

41. The execution details of the research question to be investigated are referred to as the ___. Answer: Research design

42. Research designs come ___ the problem formulation stage. Answer: After

43. Researcher design is the same as the research method. (True/false) Answer: False

44. The formulated design must ensure: (a) Converting the research question and the hypotheses into measurable variables (b) Specifying the process to complete the above task (c) Specifying the ‘control mechanism(s)’ (d) All the above Answer: (D)

45. Previously collected findings in facts and figures which have been authenticated and published are referred to as ___. Answer: Secondary data sources

46. A carefully selected small set of individuals representative of the larger respondent population under study is called a ___. Answer: Focus group

47. The case study method is generally focused on a single unit of analysis. (True/False) Answer: True

48. Expert opinion survey and respondent group discussions together form a two-tiered research design. (True/False) Answer: False

49. A research study that tracks the profile of a typical social networking user is an example of an exploratory research design. (True/False) Answer: False

50. If one wants to assess changes in investment behavior of the general public over time, the best design available to the researcher is a longitudinal design. (True/False) Answer: True

51. A study to analyze the profile of the supporters of Anna Hazare would need a cross-sectional research design. (True/False) Answer: True

52. Married couples are the unit of analysis in a cohort analysis. (True/False) Answer: False

53. Different groups of people tested over a single stretch of time is a special characteristic of a longitudinal design. (True/False) Answer: False

54. The research variable in a longitudinal research design is studied over fixed intervals in time. (True/False) Answer: True

55. Descriptive designs do not require any quantitative statistical analysis. (True/False) Answer: False

56. ___ validity refers to the generalization of the sample results to that of the population. Answer: External

57. Test units are selected at random in a quasi-experimental design. (True/ False) Answer: False

58. There cannot be more than two independent variables in a factorial experiment. (True/False) Answer: False

59. There is no possibility of error in true experimental research design. (True/False) Answer: False

60. In the true experimental design and statistical design, the respondents are selected at random which may not be the case in real life. (True/False) Answer: True

61. The data that is always collected first in a research study is called ___ data. Answer: Primary

62. ___ data is not always specific to the research problem under study. Answer: Secondary

63. Census data is an example of the primary data source. (True/False) Answer: False

64. Sampling frame of the respondent population is an example of secondary data. (True/False) Answer: True

65. Primary data methods have a significant time and cost advantage over secondary data. (True/False) Answer: False

66. Cash register receipt is an example of ___ secondary data sources. Answer: Internal

67. Customer grievance data available with the company is an important source of ___ data. Answer: Secondary

68. Statistical abstracts of India are prepared by ___. Answer: Central Statistical Organization

69. The ___ prepares the National Sample Survey (NSS). Answer: Ministry of Planning

70. Poor’s Statistical Services is a government publication on the people below the poverty line. (True/False) Answer: False

71. Syndicate sources are periodic in nature. (True/False) Answer: True

72. Observation is a direct method of collecting (a) Primary data (b) Secondary data (c) Both (d) Published data Answer: (A)

73. Observing the remains or the leftovers of the consumers’ basket is referred to as (a) Structured observation (b) Unstructured observation (c) Trace analysis (d) Mechanical observation Answer: (C)

74. In case one wants to know why some people use plastic bags for carrying their groceries even after the imposition of a ban on plastic bags by the Delhi Government, one may use the observation method to collect the data. (True/False) Answer: False

75. Usually the observation method entails that the observation is disguised, i.e., carried out without the respondent’s knowledge. (True/False) Answer: False

Solved Research Methodology MCQ Questions and answers pdf free downloads can be a valuable source to help people understand the fundamentals of research methodology.

It provides multiple choice questions that test understanding and can help people evaluate their level of knowledge. With this resource, people have an opportunity to practice answering questions that are relevant to a variety of topics in research methodology.

• Download the pdf form of these questions and answers
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Research Methodology

Student resources, multiple choice questions.

Research: A Way of Thinking

The Research Process: A Quick Glance

Reviewing the Literature

Formulating a Research Problem

Identifying Variables

Constructing Hypotheses

The Research Design

Selecting a Study Design

Selecting a Method of Data Collection

Collecting Data Using Attitudinal Scales

Establishing the Validity and Reliability of a Research Instrument

Selecting a Sample

Writing a Research Proposal

Considering Ethical Issues in Data Collection

Processing Data

Displaying Data

Writing a Research Report

Process parameter optimization of submerged arc welding on mild steel AISI 1020 using an artificial neural network trained with multi-objective Jaya algorithm

• ORIGINAL ARTICLE
• Published: 07 September 2024

Cite this article

• Yilikal Azene Zelalem 1 &
• Assefa Asmare Tsegaw 2  

Submerged arc welding (SAW), renowned for its high deposition rate and superior weld quality, is the go-to method for joining thick metals in heavy structures. However, industry beams and columns welded with SAW can exhibit detrimental defects like undercut, porosity, and burn-through, significantly impacting weld properties. This study addresses this challenge by presenting a multi-objective optimization approach for SAW parameters on AISI 1020 mild steel. Aiming to optimize tensile strength, hardness, and bead width, the study employs Taguchi’s design of experiments and couples the multi-objective Jaya algorithm with an artificial neural network (ANN). This synergistic combination yielded optimal process parameters: 417 A welding current, 20.7 mm electrode stick-out, 33.7 V voltage, and 505.8 mm/min transverse speed. These settings translated into exceptional weld characteristics, with ultimate tensile strength reaching 427 MPa, hardness of 73.9 HRB, and bead width of 14.29 mm. Confirmation tests further validated these findings, demonstrating minimal error and solidifying the effectiveness of the optimization approach. This research paves the way for enhanced weld quality and process control in heavy structural applications.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request via his email address ([email protected]).

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

Yilikal Azene Zelalem

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Assefa Asmare Tsegaw

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All authors have made substantial contributions to the conception, design of experiment, lab work, data analysis, and interpretation of the data. Each author has been actively involved in drafting and revising the manuscript, and all have approved the final version for submission.

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Correspondence to Yilikal Azene Zelalem .

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Zelalem, Y.A., Tsegaw, A.A. Process parameter optimization of submerged arc welding on mild steel AISI 1020 using an artificial neural network trained with multi-objective Jaya algorithm. Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-14323-y

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-14323-y

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Media_refresh_data_press_release, u.s. news room, ifinatamab deruxtecan continues to demonstrate promising objective response rates in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in ideate-lung01 phase 2 trial.

September 07, 2024

• Objective response rate of 54.8% seen with Daiichi Sankyo and Merck’s ifinatamab deruxtecan at 12 mg/kg dose in pretreated patients
• 12 mg/kg selected as optimal dose for extension part of IDeate-Lung01 phase 2 trial and recently initiated IDeate-Lung02 phase 3 study

Basking Ridge, NJ and Rahway, NJ – (September 7, 2024) – Results from an interim analysis of the dose-optimization part of the ongoing IDeate-Lung01 phase 2 trial showed ifinatamab deruxtecan (I-DXd) continues to demonstrate promising objective response rates in patients with pretreated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). These data were featured today as part of a press conference and will be presented during an oral presentation ( OA04.03 ) on Sunday at the 2024 World Conference on Lung Cancer (#WCLC24) hosted by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.

Ifinatamab deruxtecan is a specifically engineered, potential first-in-class B7-H3 directed antibody drug conjugate (ADC) discovered by Daiichi Sankyo (TSE: 4568) and being jointly developed by Daiichi Sankyo and Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the second most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 15% of cases. 1 SCLC is aggressive and progresses rapidly to the metastatic stage, which has a five-year survival rate of only 3%. 2, 3 Approximately 65% of all SCLC tumors have a moderate-to-high expression of the protein B7-H3, which is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. 4,5

“Most patients treated for small cell lung cancer experience rapid progression of disease and there is a high unmet need in the advanced setting,” said Charles M. Rudin, MD, PhD, Deputy Director of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Co-Director of the Fiona and Stanley Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research. “These interim results from the first part of the IDeate-Lung01 trial suggest that ifinatamab deruxtecan could play an important role in treating patients with pretreated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer and further research is warranted.”

A confirmed objective response rate (ORR) of 54.8% (95% CI: 38.7-70.2) and 26.1% (95% CI: 14.3-41.1) were observed in patients with ES-SCLC receiving ifinatamab deruxtecan in the 12 mg/kg (n=42) and 8 mg/kg (n=46) cohorts, respectively, as assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR). Twenty-three partial responses (PR) were seen in the 12 mg/kg cohort. One complete response (CR) and eleven PRs were seen in the 8 mg/kg cohort. A median duration of response (DoR) of 4.2 months (95% CI: 3.5-7.0) and 7.9 months (95% CI: 4.1-NE) and a disease control rate (DCR) of 90.5% (95% CI: 77.4-97.3) and 80.4% (95% CI: 66.1-90.6) were observed in the 12 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg cohorts, respectively. The median duration of treatment was 4.7 months for the 12 mg/kg dose (range, 0.03-15.2) and 3.5 months for the 8 mg/kg dose (range, 0.03–13.9). Median progression-free survival (PFS) of 5.5 months (95% CI: 4.2-6.7) and 4.2 months (95% CI: 2.8-5.6) and median overall survival (OS) of 11.8 months (95% CI: 8.9-15.3) and 9.4 months (95% CI: 7.8-15.9) were observed in the 12 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg cohorts, respectively. The 12 mg/kg dose has been selected for the dose expansion part of the trial. Median follow-up was 15.3 months (95% CI: 13.6-16.2) in the 12 mg/kg cohort and 14.6 months (95% CI: 13.4-16.5) in the 8 mg/kg cohort as of data cutoff of April 25, 2024.

In a subset of patients with brain target lesions at baseline, an intracranial ORR of 50.0% (95% CI: 18.7-81.3) and 66.7% (95% CI: 22.3-95.7) were observed as assessed by central nervous system (CNS) BICR in the 12 mg/kg (n=10) and 8 mg/kg (n=6) cohorts, respectively. In these patients, two intracranial CRs were seen in each cohort. Three and two intracranial PRs and five and two cases of stable disease (SD) were seen in the 12 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg cohorts, respectively.

“The objective response rate and median overall survival of nearly a year along with the preliminary intracranial responses observed reinforces the potential for ifinatamab deruxtecan to improve outcomes for patients living with this difficult-to-treat type of lung cancer,” said Mark Rutstein, MD, Global Head, Oncology Clinical Development, Daiichi Sankyo. “We look forward to seeing additional results from the extension part of the IDeate-Lung01 phase 2 trial and the recently initiated IDeate-Lung02 phase 3 trial where we are evaluating ifinatamab deruxtecan in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer versus treatment of physician’s choice of chemotherapy.”

“These results demonstrate promising objective response rates in patients with pre-treated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, a patient population with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options,” said Marjorie Green, MD, Senior Vice President and Head of Oncology, Global Clinical Development, Merck Research Laboratories. “We are encouraged by these results supporting the potential of B7-H3 as an actionable target in small cell lung cancer and look forward to advancing our pivotal clinical development program for ifinatamab deruxtecan.”

The safety profile seen in IDeate-Lung01 is consistent with that observed for ifinatamab deruxtecan in previous trials with no new safety signals identified. Grade 3 or higher treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 50.0% and 43.5% of patients in the 12 mg/kg (n=42) and 8 mg/kg (n=46) cohorts, respectively. The most common treatment-related TEAEs (>20% of total population) across both doses include nausea (50.0% and 28.3%), decreased appetite (42.9% and 17.4%), anemia (35.7% and 13.0%), decreased neutrophil count/neutropenia (33.3% and 10.9%), white blood cell decreased (21.4% and 4.3%) and asthenia (1.4% and 13.0%). Five (11.9%) and four (8.7%) interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis events were confirmed as treatment-related in the 12 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg doses, respectively, as determined by an independent adjudication committee. The majority of ILD events (four with 12 mg/kg, three with 8 mg/kg) were low grade (grade 1 or 2). There was one grade 3 (12 mg/kg) and one grade 5 (8 mg/kg) ILD. No ILD events were pending adjudication at the time of data cutoff of April 25, 2024. Treatment discontinuations due to adverse events occurred in 16.7% and 6.5% in the 12 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg cohorts, respectively.

Patients in IDeate-Lung01 receiving ifinatamab deruxtecan received a median of two lines of therapy in both dose groups including a majority (76.1%) previously treated with immunotherapy. The median treatment duration was 4.7 months (range: 0.03-15.2) in the 12 mg/kg cohort and 3.5 months (range: 0.03-13.9) in the 8mg/kg cohort.

Summary of IDeate-Lung01 Results

CR, complete response; DCR, disease control rate; DoR, duration of response; ORR, objective response rate; OS, overall survival, PR, partial response; PD, progressive disease; PFS, progression-free survival; TTR, time to response; SD, stable disease

About the IDeate-Lung01 Trial IDeate-Lung01 is a global, multicenter, randomized, open-label two-part phase 2 trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of ifinatamab deruxtecan in patients with ES-SCLC. In the first part of the trial (dose optimization), patients were previously treated with at least one prior line of platinum-based chemotherapy and a maximum of three prior lines of therapy. In the second part (extension), patients were previously treated with a minimum of two previous lines of systemic therapy.

In the first part of the trial, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either 8 mg/kg or 12 mg/kg of ifinatamab deruxtecan. In the second part of the trial, patients will receive the recommended dose for expansion (12 mg/kg) of ifinatamab deruxtecan.

The primary endpoint is ORR as assessed by BICR. Secondary endpoints include DoR, PFS, OS, DCR, time to response and overall safety profile. Intracranial ORR was assessed by BICR as an exploratory analysis.

IDeate-Lung01 is enrolling patients in Asia, Europe and North America. For more information about the trial, visit ClinicalTrials.gov .

About Small Cell Lung Cancer More than 2.48 million lung cancer cases were diagnosed globally in 2022. 6 SCLC is the second most common type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 15% of cases. 1 SCLC is aggressive and progresses rapidly to the metastatic stage, which has a five-year survival rate of only 3%. 2,3 While conventional first-line therapy for patients with advanced SCLC may help some patients live longer, the current second-line standard of care offers limited clinical benefit and new treatment approaches are needed. 7 , 8 , 9 , 10

About B7-H3 B7-H3 is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the B7 family of proteins which bind to the CD28 family of receptors that includes PD-1. 11,12 B7-H3 is overexpressed in a wide range of cancer types, including SCLC, and its overexpression has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis, making B7-H3 a promising therapeutic target. 4, 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 There are currently no B7-H3 directed medicines approved for the treatment of any cancer.

About Ifinatamab Deruxtecan Ifinatamab deruxtecan (I-DXd) is an investigational potential first-in-class B7-H3 directed ADC. Designed using Daiichi Sankyo’s proprietary DXd ADC Technology, ifinatamab deruxtecan is comprised of a humanized anti-B7-H3 IgG1 monoclonal antibody attached to a number of topoisomerase I inhibitor payloads (an exatecan derivative, DXd) via tetrapeptide-based cleavable linkers.

Ifinatamab deruxtecan is being evaluated in a global development program, which includes IDeate-Lung01 , a phase 2 monotherapy trial in patients with previously treated ES-SCLC; IDeate-Lung02 , a phase 3 trial in patients with relapsed SCLC versus investigator’s choice of chemotherapy; IDeate-Lung03 , a phase 1b/2 trial in patients with ES-SCLC in combination with atezolizumab with or without carboplatin as first-line induction or maintenance therapy; IDeate-PanTumor01 , a phase 1/2 first-in-human trial in patients with advanced solid malignant tumors in collaboration with Sarah Cannon Research Institute (SCRI) with study operational oversight and delivery provided through SCRI’s early phase oncology clinical research organization, SCRI Development Innovations in Nashville, TN; and, IDeate-PanTumor02 , a phase 2 trial in patients with recurrent or metastatic solid tumors.

Ifinatamab deruxtecan was granted orphan drug designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in April 2023 and by the European Commission in February 2024 for the treatment of SCLC.

About the Daiichi Sankyo and Merck Collaboration Daiichi Sankyo and Merck entered into a global collaboration in October 2023 to jointly develop and commercialize patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd), ifinatamab deruxtecan (I-DXd) and raludotatug deruxtecan (R-DXd), except in Japan where Daiichi Sankyo will maintain exclusive rights. Daiichi Sankyo will be solely responsible for manufacturing and supply. In August 2024 , the global co-development and co-commercialization agreement was expanded to include MK-6070, an investigational delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) targeting T-cell engager, which they will jointly develop and commercialize worldwide, except in Japan where Merck will maintain exclusive rights. Merck will be solely responsible for manufacturing and supply for MK-6070.

About the ADC Portfolio of Daiichi Sankyo The Daiichi Sankyo ADC portfolio consists of seven ADCs in clinical development crafted from two distinct ADC technology platforms discovered in-house by Daiichi Sankyo.

The ADC platform furthest in clinical development is Daiichi Sankyo’s DXd ADC Technology where each ADC consists of a monoclonal antibody attached to a number of topoisomerase I inhibitor payloads (an exatecan derivative, DXd) via tetrapeptide-based cleavable linkers. The DXd ADC portfolio currently consists of ENHERTU, a HER2 directed ADC, and datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), a TROP2 directed ADC, which are being jointly developed and commercialized globally with AstraZeneca. Patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd), a HER3 directed ADC, ifinatamab deruxtecan (I-DXd), a B7-H3 directed ADC, and raludotatug deruxtecan (R-DXd), a CDH6 directed ADC, are being jointly developed and commercialized globally with Merck. DS-3939, a TA-MUC1 directed ADC, is being developed by Daiichi Sankyo.

The second Daiichi Sankyo ADC platform consists of a monoclonal antibody attached to a modified pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) payload. DS-9606, a CLDN6 directed PBD ADC, is the first of several planned ADCs in clinical development utilizing this platform.

Datopotamab deruxtecan, ifinatamab deruxtecan, patritumab deruxtecan, raludotatug deruxtecan, DS-3939 and DS-9606 are investigational medicines that have not been approved for any indication in any country. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

About Daiichi Sankyo Daiichi Sankyo is an innovative global healthcare company contributing to the sustainable development of society that discovers, develops and delivers new standards of care to enrich the quality of life around the world. With more than 120 years of experience, Daiichi Sankyo leverages its world-class science and technology to create new modalities and innovative medicines for people with cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases with high unmet medical needs. For more information, please visit www.daiichisankyo.com .

Merck’s Focus on Cancer Every day, we follow the science as we work to discover innovations that can help patients, no matter what stage of cancer they have. As a leading oncology company, we are pursuing research where scientific opportunity and medical need converge, underpinned by our diverse pipeline of more than 25 novel mechanisms. With one of the largest clinical development programs across more than 30 tumor types, we strive to advance breakthrough science that will shape the future of oncology. By addressing barriers to clinical trial participation, screening and treatment, we work with urgency to reduce disparities and help ensure patients have access to high-quality cancer care. Our unwavering commitment is what will bring us closer to our goal of bringing life to more patients with cancer. For more information, visit  https://www.merck.com/research/oncology/ .

About Merck At Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, we are unified around our purpose: We use the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. For more than 130 years, we have brought hope to humanity through the development of important medicines and vaccines. We aspire to be the premier research-intensive biopharmaceutical company in the world – and today, we are at the forefront of research to deliver innovative health solutions that advance the prevention and treatment of diseases in people and animals. We foster a diverse and inclusive global workforce and operate responsibly every day to enable a safe, sustainable and healthy future for all people and communities. For more information, visit www.merck.com and connect with us on X (formerly Twitter) , Facebook , Instagram , YouTube and LinkedIn .

Forward-Looking Statement of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA This news release of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA (the “company”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of the company’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline candidates that the candidates will receive the necessary regulatory approvals or that they will prove to be commercially successful. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.

Risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; general economic factors, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approval; the company’s ability to accurately predict future market conditions; manufacturing difficulties or delays; financial instability of international economies and sovereign risk; dependence on the effectiveness of the company’s patents and other protections for innovative products; and the exposure to litigation, including patent litigation, and/or regulatory actions.

The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) available at the SEC’s Internet site ( www.sec.gov ).

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References:

1 Schabath MB, et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev . 2019 Oct;28(10):1563-1579. 2 Rudin CM, et al. Nat Rev Dis Primers . 2021;7(1):3. 3 Cancer.net. Lung Cancer - Small Cell: Statistics . Accessed August 2024. 4 Qiu M-j, et al. Front. Oncol . 2021;11:600238. 5 Dong P, et al. Front Oncol . 2018;8:264 6 World Health Organization. International Agency for Research on Cancer. U.S. Cancer Fact Sheet. Accessed August 2024. 7 American Cancer Society. Treatment Choices for Small Cell Lung Cancer, by Stage . Accessed August 2024. 8 Liu SV, et al. J Clin Oncol . 2021;39(6):619-30. 9 Paz-Ares L, et al . ESMO Open . 2022;7(2):100408. 10 von Pawel J, et al. J Clin Oncol . 2014; 32:4012-4019. 11 Zhao B, et al. J Hematol Oncol . 2022;15(1):153. 12 Janakiram M, et al. Immunol Rev . 2017;276(1):26-39. 13 Picarda E, et al. Clin Cancer Res . 2016;22(14):3425-3431. 14 Bendell JC, et al. J Clin Oncol . 2020;39(15 suppl 1). Abstract TPS3646. 15 Kontos F, et al. Clin Cancer Res . 2021;27(5):1227-1235.

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Dear Colleague Letter: Request for Information on the CHIPS and Science Act Section 10343. Research Ethics

September 9, 2024

Dear Colleagues:

The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports research at the frontiers of current knowledge, across all fields of science, engineering and education in all 50 states and U.S. territories. NSF is issuing this Request for Information (RFI) to seek input to inform the development of the agency's response to Section 10343. Research Ethics in the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 ( Public Law 117-167 ). NSF welcomes feedback from interested parties. This includes representatives from non-profit organizations, philanthropies, industry, local, state, and tribal government offices/agencies, K-12 schools and districts, institutions of higher education, trade, and/or vocational schools.

While the NSF has funding opportunities in the area of ethical and societal risks such as Ethical and Responsible Research (ER2) and Responsible Design, Development, and Deployment of Technologies (ReDDDoT) , this Dear Colleague Letter (DCL) does not itself invite research proposals nor is it a funding opportunity. However, the submission of collective input to this RFI spanning different perspectives from multiple constituent communities may be used to inform, refine, and catalyze future NSF investments, policies, and programs.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Section 10343 ("Research Ethics") of the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 directs NSF to incorporate ethical, social, safety, and security considerations into the merit review process that is used to evaluate research projects or other activities for funding. Section 10343 notes that "a number of emerging areas of research have potential ethical, social, safety, and security implications that might be apparent as early as the basic research stage." In addition, Section 10343 states that "the incorporation of ethical, social, safety, and security considerations into the research design and review process for Federal awards may help mitigate potential harms before they happen." Moreover, Section 10343 states that "The Foundation should continue to work with stakeholders to promote best practices for governance of research in emerging technologies at every stage of research."

Through this Dear Colleague Letter (DCL), NSF seeks input on ways to incorporate ethical, social, safety, and security considerations into the agency's merit review process and to develop strategies for mitigating the potential harms of scientific research and amplifying societal benefits from such research.

The Federal Register notice of this Request for Information is available at https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/08/27/2024-19245/request-for-information-on-the-chips-and-science-act-section-10343-research-ethics .

HOW TO RESPOND TO THIS RFI

To respond to this Request for Information, please use the official submission form available at: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/ResearchEthicsRFI .

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ETHICAL, SOCIAL, SAFETY, AND SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

Question 1 : Describe ethical, social, safety, and/or security risks from current or emerging research activities that you believe might be of concern to the community, profession, or organization with which you are connected.

Question 2 : Which products, technologies, and/or other outcomes from research do you think could cause significant harm to the public in the foreseeable future?

Question 3 : Describe one or more approaches for identifying ethical, social, safety, and/or security risks from research activities and balancing such risks against potential societal benefits.

Question 4 : Describe one or more strategies for encouraging research teams to incorporate ethical, social, safety, and/or security considerations into the design of their research approach. Also, how might the strategy vary depending on research type (for example, basic vs. applied) or setting (for example, academia or industry)?

NSF'S APPROACH TO ETHICAL, SOCIAL, SAFETY, AND SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

Question 5 : How might NSF work with stakeholders to promote best practices for governance of research in emerging technologies at every stage of research?

Question 6 : How could ethical, social, safety, and/or security considerations be incorporated into the instructions for proposers and into NSF's merit review process? Also, what challenges could arise if the merit review process is modified to include such considerations?

Question 7 : What other measures could NSF consider as it seeks to identify and mitigate ethical, social, safety, and/or security risks from research projects or other activities that the agency supports?

Responses to this DCL must be received on or before 11:59 P.M. Eastern time on Friday, November 15, 2024 .

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For questions concerning this RFI and submission of input, please contact: [email protected]

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