ib english essay format

IB English Paper 1 Explained

Ace your IB English Paper 1 exam with the #1 IB English Resource for 2022 as Voted by IB Students & Teachers

IB English Paper 1 is one of those nerve-wracking experiences that everyone has to endure. It's especially scary because you have no idea what you'll end up writing for your final exam–and your grades depend on it!

The best preparation you can do is be acutely aware of the exam structure and proven strategies that have worked for past IB7 graduates.

If you want to fully wrap your head around the IB English Paper 1 guided analysis, then this quick guide is for you.

Meet your instructor Jackson Huang, Founder of LitLearn. His mission is to make IB English as pain-free as possible with fun, practical lessons. Jackson scored an IB45 and was accepted to Harvard, Amherst, Williams Colleges, and full scholarships to University of Melbourne & Queensland.

What is a Paper 1 exam?

In a Paper 1 exam, you are given two mysterious, unseen texts . Each text is between 1-2 pages in length.

For SL students, you're in luck! Your task is to write a guided analysis on just one of the two texts. Total marks: 20. You have 1 hour and 15 minutes.

For HL students, you're in less luck… Your task is to write two guided analysis essays–one on each of the texts. Total marks: 40. You have 2 hours and 15 minutes.

The mystery text types you'll get for Paper 1 depend on whether you're in IB English Language & Literature or IB English Literature.

For IB English Literature , Paper 1 text types belong to four neat categories (hooray!):

• Fictional prose (e.g. short stories, extracts from novels)
• Non-fiction prose (e.g. scientific articles, extracts)
• Dramatic plays

For IB English Language and Literature , your text types could be… really… anything. Be prepared to be surprised. Typically, at least one of the text types will include some visual element like an image, photo, or cartoon. Here's the (non-exhaustive) list of Lang Lit text types:

• Magazines, blogs, articles and editorials
• Speeches, interview scripts, radio transcripts
• Instruction manuals, brochures
• Comic strips, political cartoons
• … and the list goes on…

What do I write in a guided analysis?

For each Paper 1 text, the IB English Gods pose a short, open-ended question.

This question is called the guiding question , and your essay must focus on answering this guiding question using analysis (we'll explain “analysis” in a second).

Examples of guiding questions:

• How does the writer characterize the protagonist's state of mind?
• How and to what effect do textual and visual elements shape meaning?
• How is narrative perspective used to create meaning and effect?

Even though you're technically allowed to choose your own focus and ignore the default guiding question, it's highly recommended that you go along with what's given… unless you really don't know how to answer it, or you're super confident in your Paper 1 skills.

Now, what are we supposed to do with the guiding question?

Guiding questions always ask you to explain how and why certain language or visual choices are used to build one or more central ideas .

And so the vague instruction "Answer the guiding question" actually translates to something very specific:

Explain  how and why the writer uses specific language to build their central idea(s).

This sentence pretty much sums up not just IB English Paper 1, but the gist of analysis and IB English overall.

Writing Deep, Insightful Analysis

If you want to get a high score on Paper 1 (and every IB English assessment in general), you must know how to write deep, insightful analysis.

After helping numerous IB English students at LitLearn, we've found that weak analysis is the #1 reason students struggle in IB English.

Biggest Mistake

The main mistake you're likely making is that your analysis doesn't dig deep enough .

Students make the mistake of only touching the surface-level meaning of the texts. For example, common mistakes include:

• only recounting the plot
• mentioning techniques and ideas without digging into the how and why
• not identifying the most relevant techniques for analysis.

The diagram below shows the difference between surface-level meaning, deep analysis, and deeper analysis.

If you're unsure about how to write strong analysis for IB English, or you're not confident in what to look for in your texts, then you should watch this free 7-minute video lesson from Learn Analysis: Analysis Foundations.

Learn Analysis

No sign up or credit card required.

Essential Techniques you need to know

So how do we write strong analysis that scores highly on Criterion B?

First things first, we need to know how to analyze the major literary and visual techniques (visual for Lang Lit), so that we can quickly find and analyze them under exam stress.

If you're cramming for Paper 1, here are the 7 most important techniques and concepts that you should know for IB English Paper 1. They apply to all text types in Lang Lit as well as Literature:

• Tone, atmosphere and mood
• Diction and voice
• Metaphor, simile, and personification
• The 4 main types of imagery
• The 3 types of irony
• Juxtaposition and contrast
• Grammatical and structural techniques

There's a bunch more, but these 7 categories make a great starting point. The first step is to learn their names and definitions, and flashcards are an excellent way to do this.

Of course, memorizing isn't enough. We also need to know the common effects and purposes behind each of these core techniques, so that we can build a mental library of the most common ways to deeply analyze each technique. If you don't study each technique in detail, it's much harder to invent deep analysis on-the-spot during an exam.

We go deep into each of the techniques in Learn Analysis . Here are just a couple of them to get you started.

Level 1 Techniques

Your One Mission in Paper 1

Let's quickly recap what you need to do in a Paper 1.

• You need to discuss the characters, themes and plot of a chosen  literary text, OR the visual and stylistic elements (diagrams, headings, titles, images) for a non-literary text.
• You then need to explain how and why these aspects were achieved by the writer or artist.

These two points are helpful as a basis for understanding, but they won't help you get concrete words onto the exam page. What we need now is a practical guide to writing an actual essay:

• Deciding on a good  thesis
• Choosing the right  points
• Choosing the right structure

A Practical Guide to Writing a Paper 1 essay

An IB English Paper 1 essay boils down to 3 separate parts:

• An introduction paragraph : contains a thesis and an outline of your points
• A body (usually 3 paragraphs) : contains your points
• A conclusion : wraps up the essay

Choosing a thesis

The thesis or subject statement is a single sentence in the introduction of the guided analysis that states how the writer achieves their overall purpose.

This is also the main argument that you are trying to prove in your essay, and it's typically related to the guiding question . The examiner can usually judge the strength of your analytical skills JUST from your subject statement alone, so it needs to be well-written!

Choosing the right essay structure for IB English Paper 1

Every text works best with a specific paragraph structure. Finding this match isn't always easy, but it's also one of the most important things to get right in your Paper 1 guided analysis.

You can organise your essay by:

• ideas or themes
• sections (sequential, e.g. stanza by stanza for poems)
• the ‘Big 5'
• and probably a whole host of other acronyms that English teachers love to invent.

Criterion C for IB English Paper 1 is Organisation . It's worth a whole 5/20 marks, so it's definitely in your best interest to choose the most appropriate structure for your essay.

Pro Tip: I recommend students to stay away from the Big 5 . Sure, it's useful as a memory device to tell you what elements to look for in a text, but it's not a good essay structure for analysis.

Why? Because analysis is about examining the causal interplay between techniques, stylistic choices, audience, tone, and themes. The Big 5 and SPECSLIMS artificially silo these components in your discussion.  Heed my advice or pay the price! (notice that rhyme?)

So in my opinion, there are only two types of structure that are most  conducive (yep, another new vocab, omnomnom) to getting a 7. Ideas/themes  and Sections . Take this as a hot tip and run with it. If your teacher is forcing you to use other structures, then you'll need to know why this is recommended.

We go into much more depth and explain it all inside Learn Analysis.

Pro members only

Writing body paragraphs: Why and How

Once you've chosen the best structure for your essay and decided on a strong thesis as your central argument, the rest of the essay needs to revolve around proving  this argument.

How do you prove this subject statement? You do it by looking at individual points. These smaller points support smaller, more specific aspects of the overall thesis.

The idea is that each body paragraph, or point, aims to prove a separate, smaller aspect of the bigger thesis. It's like a jigsaw puzzle : You must piece together smaller, more manageable pieces to build the bigger argument (i.e. the thesis).

In reality, this translates into writing 2, 3 or 4 points, each of which fits snuggly it its own paragraph or multiple paragraphs (depending on the complexity of the point).

In each point, you must include:

• Quotes, references to images, titles, headings, or visual elements. This is the evidence.
• Analysis of language and literary techniques.  Use specific quotes from the text and explain how and why they are used by the writer to shape his/her message.

Obviously, this is a quick summary of how to write a high-quality body paragraph. We dive deeper into the specific details of how to structure a body paragraph in the guided analysis.

Planning ahead

Ironically, the most important part of IB English Paper 1 is not the analysis itself (well it is, but not really). The part you have to get right the first time is the plan. Most students do not know how to plan effectively, or get flustered in the exam and don't plan, or don't even try to plan because they think they're above it. Big mistake!

Before you even begin writing, you should plan out your essay in sufficient detail. You will lose track of time, thought and sanity if you do not have a clear road map of every part of your essay before you begin writing.

You can learn how to annotate and plan quickly & efficiently using the flowchart method, which we demonstrate inside Learn Analysis and Paper 1 .

In the Pro lesson below, we go into detail on exactly how to plan a Paper 1 essay effectively and efficiently under exam conditions.

How do I practice for Paper 1?

Most students think that doing a lot of practice papers is the best way to improve in Paper 1. However, there's a much more efficient, targeted method to study for Paper 1.

We work our way up from the smallest, most manageable chunks of analysis to the full Paper 1 exam. It's a good idea to reserve real IB English past papers for 2 months before your final exam so that you don't run out of past papers--they are the best preparation for the final exam. Also, if your analysis skills aren't already strong, doing real past papers is a waste of an excellent exam prep resource.

Questionbank

Quote analysis exercises with exemplar IB7 solutions

Short guided analysis exercises with exemplar IB7 solutions

1 hour practice exams with detailed markschemes or video solutions

IB past paper solutions: Exemplar essay plans and full essay responses

Question​bank

Paper 1 Practice Exams

Past Paper 1 Solutions

Paper 2 Guide

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IB English, the HL Essay: All You Need to Know

Written By Our IB++Tutor Birgitte J.

What You Need to Know

• The HL Essay is a 1200-1500 word formal essay and it is based on a literary work studied as part of the course. You cannot use the same work for the IO or the Paper 2 [1] for this essay.
• In the IB Language and Literature course [2] , the essay can also be based on a non-literary or collection of non literary text(s).
• You develop a line of inquiry , a question that lends itself to an argument focused on how a theme or message is conveyed through literary features.
• The essay is completed in your own time and you should get some feedback from your teacher during the development of the essay.
• You do not have to incorporate secondary sources beyond the text you are working with.

The paper is externally assessed, meaning the final grade given is from the IB Examiner, not from your teacher. However, your teacher will give a predicted grade that is sent to the IB [3] .

How to Approach the Essay

The essay requires you to construct a focused, analytical argument, examining the work from a broad literary or linguistic perspective. It also requires you to adhere to the formal framework of an academic essay, using citations and references.

Connection to the Learner Portfolio

The HL essay is based on the exploration you have engaged with in the Learner Portfolio [4] . In the lead-up to the drafting of the essay, you must decide which text to focus on for further investigation, and which topic to write about. In choosing the topic, you can consult the course’s seven central concepts. You can choose any text with the exception of the texts used for the Internal Assessment (the IO) or the Paper 2.

How to choose a text

Don’t wait until the last minute and talk with your teacher about the text you want to use and the focus you are considering. Write your ideas out to make sure your line of inquiry is focused and appropriate for an analytical argument of a paper of this length.

In the case of a collection of short stories, poems, song lyrics or any short literary text, you may choose to use just one literary text from the work. However, It may be necessary to use more than one literary text from the work chosen.

The Language and Literature course only *

In the case of short non-literary texts, it may be necessary to use more than one from the same text type by the same author, for example the same creative advertising agency, cartoonist, photographer or social media user. At least one of these texts must have been studied in class. (If using a text in translation it must be a professional and published translation).

Determining the Topic and the 7 Course Concepts

It’s helpful but not mandatory to start with the seven central concepts of the course in generating or determining a topic for the essay. The questions below are meant as starting points for the focus of the essay, not as complete lines of inquiry which should be more specific to the chosen text (see examples of lines of inquiry below).

Questions may include; How is identity represented in the text? How are the characters in the text representative of a group? How does the text reflect the identity of the writer?

Questions may include; How is an aspect of the text representative of a culture or a particular place? How is a group of people or an institution conveyed? How is the text representative of a cultural perspective?

3-Creativity

Questions may include; How is the text representative of an individual or collective creativity, or lack of creativity? How is the text a reflection of the creativity of the writer?

4-Communication

How is communication or lack of communication conveyed in the text? How does the text itself communicate with the reader? How are aspects of communication illustrated through literary features?

5-Transformation

How is change or development illustrated in the text? How are characters transformed through action, communication or events in the text? What is the relationship between transformation and the goals, values and beliefs conveyed in the text?

6-Perspective

How is a perspective or different perspectives represented in the text? How is a shift in perspective portrayed? How is the writer’s perspective revealed through the text?

7-Representation

How does the text represent a particular theme or message? How are attitudes conveyed? In what way is reality or the world within the text represented?

IB English Language and Literature Guide examples of lines of inquiry

• Identity —how does Ralph Ellison, in his novel Invisible Man, succeed in making his narrator a convincing spokesperson for the concerns of African-Americans in the 20th century?
• Culture —how does Robert Capa represent post-Second World War France to qualify/exemplify the brutalities of the French population on former Nazi collaborators in La Femme Tondue? (Language A: language and literature only)
• Creativity —how do Mario Testino’s portraits manage to convey the personalities of those portrayed in original ways? (Language A: language and literature only)
• Communication– which view of love does Matt Groening convey in Love is Hell? (Language A: language and literature only)
• Transformation– in what ways does The Alan Parsons Project’s Tales of Mystery and Imagination offer a transformative re-reading of Edgar Allan Poe’s tales?
• Perspective– how does Mary Shelley’s protagonist in Frankenstein use the motif of dangerous knowledge to show the perspective of fear and anxiety of excesses in scientific enterprise in early 19th century Europe?
• Representation– through what means does Juan Rulfo successfully convey the representation of realistic and non-realistic characters and situations in Pedro Páramo?​

A Final Note on the Learner Portfolio and the HL Essay

The Learner Portfolio is not assessed but schools are required to keep it on file. It is intended to be a platform for reflecting on the texts studied, facilitating development of independent thinking. The reflections may include responses to cultural perspectives and values, inter-relationships and identities as it relates to topics and themes in the texts studied. The reflections may serve as a springboard for the line of inquiry in the HL essay. For example, you may keep a record of themes present, reflections on how particular passages within the texts reflect those themes, or how themes and passages convey one of the 7 central concepts.

[1] Paper 2 is cancelled for the 2022 cohort. No announcement has been made for the 2023 at the time this article was written.

[2] There are 3 IB English courses. The two most common are IB English A: Literature SL/HL, a course focused on literature (Poetry, drama, short stories and novels) and the IB English Language and Literature SL/HL course, focused on literature AND a variety of non-literary (non-fiction) text types.

[3] The examiner’s grade is independent from your teacher’s predicted grade.

[4] An individual collection of student work compiled during the course in which you explore and reflect on the texts throughout the course.

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The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide: Examples, Topics, and Ideas

International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

• A title page
• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

• Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

• A check on plagiarism and malpractice
• Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
• Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

• Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
• Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
• English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
• Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
• Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
• Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

• January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
• February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
• April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
• Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
• August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
• September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
• November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

• Business Management 1
• Chemistry 1
• Chemistry 2
• Chemistry 3
• Chemistry 4
• Chemistry 5
• Chemistry 6
• Chemistry 7
• Computer Science 1
• Economics 1
• Design Technology 1
• Design Technology 2
• Environmental Systems and Societies 1
• Geography 1
• Geography 2
• Geography 3
• Geography 4
• Geography 5
• Geography 6
• Literature and Performance 1
• Mathematics 1
• Mathematics 2
• Mathematics 3
• Mathematics 4
• Mathematics 5
• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Philosophy 5
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3
• Psychology 4
• Psychology 5
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 2
• Visual Arts 3
• Visual Arts 4
• Visual Arts 5
• World Religion 1
• World Religion 2
• World Religion 3

What's Next?

Trying to figure out what extracurriculars you should do? Learn more about participating in the Science Olympiad , starting a club , doing volunteer work , and joining Student Government .

Studying for the SAT? Check out our expert study guide to the SAT . Taking the SAT in a month or so? Learn how to cram effectively for this important test .

Not sure where you want to go to college? Read our guide to finding your target school . Also, determine your target SAT score or target ACT score .

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Higher Level Essay

Whether you are an HL Literature student or HL Lang/Lit student, the HLE requires some special attention.  The good thing about this assessment is that it’s a processed – rather than on-demand – piece of writing.  This means you can take your time, put in the work, and produce something that you love and makes you proud.  Our students crush this assessment!  Use the same resources they do and enjoy your success.

HLE Writing Guide

Writing this assessment doesn’t have to be challenging.  In fact, we think it can be fun and rewarding!  Let us guide you through the entire writing process, from line of inquiry to the last word of your conclusion.  Our students do well on this assessment, and so can you.

Part of our  IBDP English A Student Toolkit , this resource includes:

• 100-page course book with guidance on films, photos, cartoons, and many other non-literary BOWs
• 5 sample papers across genres
• Examiner scores and comments
• Line of Inquiry guidance
• Step-by-step approach to building the HLE in small and manageable chunks
• Complete set of graphic organizers to guide students from start to finish

Developing a Line of Inquiry and Thesis

The Line of Inquiry (LOI) and thesis are the cornerstone of the assessment, so don’t proceed until these are under control.  Sadly, many students get off to a poor start with this step, and this means they end up writing either a shallow essay or one that doesn’t really satisfy the requirements of the task.  These videos should help you unlock the task.

Start with a text you love and work toward developing a literary or linguistic perspective. Watch this video and start your pathway to success.

How To Write the Line of Inquiry

If the first method didn't work for you, please try another approach.

How to Write the Line of Inquiry (part 2)

Turn that LoI into a clear, precise, and insightful thesis statement that will drive the essay.

HLE Sample Thesis Statements and Writing

The HLE Complete Course from Start to Finish

We feel this is some of our best work.  Teachers and students around the world have commented that this HLE series gets the job done and results in some powerful writing that makes students proud.  Please take the time and work through the videos sequentially.  Work along side with us.  Let us guide you to HLE success!

Choose your text and write the LOI.

Student planning doc

Model Student planning doc

Time for brainstorming and outlining.

Student Organizer

Completed Sample Organizer

Master the intro and conclusion.

Sample Intro and Conclusion

Learn how to write strong HLE body paragraphs.

Sample Body Paragraphs

Learn to revise, edit, and polish the final product.

Final instructions before submission

Dave’s complete sample HLE

Some Sample Papers

Sometimes it’s easier to just look at a final product, break it down, and see how other students have approached the HLE.  That’s why Dave and Andrew selected some strong papers, highlighted them, and discussed their strengths and weaknesses.  We’ve examined tons of these things, so listen carefully.  Lots of tips and tricks in these videos to help you pick up some extra points and crack into that mark band you want and deserve.  Understand the task.  Work hard.  Defeat the HLE and allow yourself to beam with pride.  Go ahead, you’ve earned it.

You’ve probably noticed that Andrew and Dave love drama. Dialogue, stage directions, props…they’re amazing! Watch our student crush this HLE on Death and the Maiden by Dorfman. What can you steal from this essay in terms of ideas, organization, and overall approach? Document: HLE Student Sample – Drama

Poetry anyone? Andrew and Dave love poetry for the HLE. They are complete “mini works” with a clear beginning, middle, and end. They are rich in techniques. They are complex and have deep meaning. In short, they rock. Just remember that for the HLE, “short texts need friends.” Document: HLE Student Sample – Poetry

Looking For More Support?

Hey, nobody said this thing would be easy.  No worries.  We’ve got you covered.  Perhaps you want to see some more student writing?  Check.  We’ve got that.  Perhaps you want to know some key points to include?  Check.  We got that too.  You’re almost there!  Finish these last two videos, add some finishing touches to your work, and submit that baby in with pride and confidence.

So you watched the videos above but are still concerned about “showing deep thinking” on the HLE? It’s ok – we know this is tough. Check out this video to see several samples of how to build big thinking into your writing. Document: Showing Deep Thinking in the HLE

We know, we know. The content is overwhelming and it’s just too much at times. You just want the top ten tips for success? Fine. Here you go. But don’t forget to go back and watch the rest of these videos when you’re feeling more energy. They’re a set. Watch them all and ace the HLE.

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Extended Essay (First Exams 2018): Examples of Extended Essays

• EE Intro to Inquiry
• Examples of Extended Essays
• Recommended Research Tools
• How-to: Research Help

Samples from the IBO

The IBO publishes two volumes of  50 Excellent Extended Essays , covering all Diploma Programme groups -- and all scored a top A grade.

Click on the link below to access PDFs of the essays. 

50 Excellent Extended Essays

All 50 essays are also available in electronic form in the QD Library on the iPads.  Look for the display at the circulation desk. The essays are found in the iBooks app. The iPads are available for check out at the circulation for periods of 30 minutes at one time.

Recently, the IBO has produced another list of exemplars with marks. Click on the link below to access this:

• Assessed Student Work  
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• Next: Recommended Research Tools >>
• Last Updated: Nov 26, 2021 12:34 PM
• URL: https://libguides.qibaodwight.org/ee

IB English A (Lang & Lit) EE examples

Filter exemplars, how effectively do the dystopian fiction novels, divergent by veronica roth and the hunger games by suzanne collins present the themes of power and control, how is femininity portrayed in confessional poetry of sylvia plath and anne sexton, want to get full marks for your ee allow us to review it for you 🎯, how does the representation of women in texts carmilla and twelfth night challenge the restrictive characterization of binary archetypes, how does the color purple challenge negative traditional gender roles through a third wave feminist analysis of the female bildungsroman, how does tyler durden use rhetoric to romanticise violence, masculinity and primality in david fincher’s fight club, fast track your coursework with mark schemes moderated by ib examiners. upgrade now 🚀, to what extent do family relationships in 'arcane' shape the identities of individual characters, influencing their values, decisions, and personal growth, to what extent has language in american advertising slogans changed from the 1900s to the 21st century in the food and beverage industry to target cultural changes, how does good omens by terry pratchett and neil gaiman discuss moral absolutism and moral relativism through its character designs, investigating societal and political issues in american society by analyzing david horsey's political cartoons, to what extent does mulan represent a feminist narrative, and how does it fit into broader feminist discourses, in what ways has language practice related to dying and the deathbed changed between the late medieval period and modernity, how does langton hughes’ reflection of the african american identity during the harlem renaissance empower the works “the negro artist and the racial mountain” and “theme for english b”, how is the portrayal of witchcraft in madeline miller’s circe a representation of female power in a patriarchal society, to what extent do the characters in the picture of dorian gray subvert gender expectations according to judith butler’s theory of performative gender, how does sylvia plath use esther's character in the novel, the bell jar to illustrate the journey into depression and the fragility of mental health, how does kanye west use religion in the songs black skinhead, i am a god, on sight and i’m in it from the album yeezus to defy racial dilemmas and limiting norms of the music industry through stylistic features, how ostracization of women is portrayed in lev tolstoy's anna karenina and nathaniel hawthorne's the scarlet letter, how does neal shusterman portray the difference between good and evil in scythe, how is the american dream reflected in the main characters of the great gatsby and what purpose do they serve in its critique, how does italo calvino's use of metafictional techniques, through language and structure in 'if on a winter’s night a traveler' affect reader engagement and their understanding of postmodern literature, to what extent have the styles of advertisements of coca-cola changed from the print culture of the 1950s in comparison to digitalised advertisements on instagram in the use of visuals and text to promote the product, how does eva khatchadourian’s narration in ‘we need to talk about kevin’ portray the unfair societal expectations of motherhood and its consequences, how does the rejection of religious expectations by esther greenwood in sylvia plath’s the bell jar reflect a broader critique of organized religion's role in shaping women's lives in the 1950s, how and to what effect do sylvia plath and charlotte perkins gilman reveal the theme of existential freedom in the bell jar and the yellow wallpaper, respectively, how does everything everywhere all at once explore the impact of generational trauma on the expression of individuality using stylistic devices, how are the revolutionaries and aristocracy of the french revolution characterised through shared symbolism in charles dickens’ a tale of two cities and baroness orzcy’s the scarlet pimpernel, to represent their differing social perceptions, how does carol ann duffy construct the female voice in “mrs. quasimodo”, “pilate’s wife”, and “medusa” in her anthology “the world’s wife”, how does jeffrey eugenides explore the theme of decay in the virgin suicides, how is visual imagery used to portray the black women experience in the poetry of audre lorde and maya angelou, how do symbolism and dystopian atmosphere communicate john wyndham’s fear in ‘the day of the triffids, how do martin luther king jr’s eulogy for the martyred children and queen elizabeth i’s speech at tilbury compare in the methods used to achieve their respective purposes, to what extent does the author’s perception of reality affect the portrayal of the american dream’s futility in death of a salesman and of mice and men, to what extent do the contrasting themes of feminism and power intersect throughout the literary texts of macbeth and the handmaid’s tale, how is art portrayed as a coping mechanism in emily st. john mandel’s station eleven, how does george r.r. martin use the characters sansa and arya stark to represent the outcomes of challenging or aligning with gender-based societal norms in westerosi society, gender: the skinning of identity how is the characterization of clarice and buffalo bill in “silence of the lambs” used to critique societal perspectives and expectations of gender identity, how and why do albert camus in the outsider and john barth in lost in the funhouse explore absurdist themes through characterization and narrative perspective to comment upon humans’ reactions to societal turning points, how and to what effect do patterns in speech and behavior demonstrate internalized misogyny in season 4 of bravo’s reality tv show the real housewives of beverly hills, how does the recurring motif of absence in integral traditional customs of society impact the treatment of morality in “oryx and crake”, how does lewis carroll portray the theme of growing up through the perspective of the child protagonist, alice, in through the looking-glass.

IB Extended Essay: Past Essays

• Research Questions
• Past Essays
• Notes & Outlines
• Works Cited Page
• In-Text Citations
• Assessment Criteria
• Reflections
• Supervisor Info
• Net Valley Library This link opens in a new window

Check these CAREFULLY to be sure your topic fits with IB expectations!

• Language & literature (language A)
• Language acquisition (language B)
• Mathematics
• Visual Arts
• World Studies

Business Management

English a & b ee examples.

• English A EE Example
• English A EE Example 1
• English A EE Example 2
• English A EE Example 3
• English B EE Example
• English B EE Example 1
• English B EE Example 2
• English B EE Example 3
• English B EE Example 4
• English B EE Example 5
• English B EE Example 6

Philosophy EE Examples

• Philosophy Example 1
• Philosophy Example 2
• Philosophy Example 3
• Philosophy Example 4

Economics EE Examples

• Econ Example 1
• Econ Example 2
• Econ Example 3
• Econ Example 4
• Econ Example 5
• Econ Example 6
• Econ Example 7
• Econ Example 8

Review Past Papers

• From the IB:  papers from other students and how they scored
• Renaissance Library Past Essays :  Links to all subject area examples

Music EE Examples

• Music EE Example 1
• Music EE Example 2
• Music EE Example 3
• Music EE Example 4

Psychology EE Examples

• Psych EE Example 1
• Psych EE Example 2
• Psych EE Example 3

Chinese EE Examples

• Chinese EE Example 1
• Chinese EE Example 2
• Chinese EE Example 3
• Chinese A EE Cat 1
• Chinese A EE Cat 2
• Chinese A EE Cat 3
• Chinese B EE Example 1
• Chinese B EE Example 2
• Chinese B Example 3
• Business EE Example 1
• Business EE Example 2
• Business EE Example 3

Visual Arts EE Examples

• Visual Arts EE Example 1
• Visual Arts EE Example 2
• Visual Arts EE Example 3
• Visual Arts EE Example 4

Film EE Examples

• Film Example 1
• Film Example 2

Chemistry EE Examples

• Chemistry EE Example

Biology EE Examples

• Biology EE Example
• Biology EE Example 1
• Biology EE Example 2
• Biology EE Example 3

Physics EE Examples

• Physics EE Example
• Physics EE Example 1
• Physics EE Example 2
• Physics EE Example 3
• Physics EE Example 4
• Physics EE Example 5

Math EE Examples

• Math EE Example 1
• Math EE Example 2
• Math EE Example 3
• Math EE Example 4
• Math EE Example 5
• Math EE Example 6

World Studies EE Examples

• World Studies Example 1
• World Studies Example 2
• World Studies Example 3
• World Studies Example 4
• World Studies Example 5
• World Studies Example 6
• World Studies Example 7
• World Studies Example 8
• World Studies Example 9
• World Studies Example 10
• World Studies Example 11
• World Studies Example 12
• World Studies Example 13
• World Studies Example 14
• World Studies Example 15
• World Studies Example 16
• World Studies Example 17
• World Studies Example 18
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• Last Updated: Apr 9, 2024 9:39 AM
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English Extended Essay: The Complete Guide for IB Students

by  Antony W

March 13, 2023

Group 1 Extended Essay subjects give IB students the opportunity to conduct independent research into a topic of interest in English, Language, and Literature.

Apart from promoting creativity and intellectual discovery, the subject group helps you to appreciate the value of advanced research and improve your writing skills.

In this guide, you’ll learn everything you need to know about English Extended Essay.

In particular, we will look at the definition of English EE, English EE categories, and some English Extended Essay topics to get you started.

English Extended Essay Categories

Category 1: language.

This category focuses on the analysis of some aspects of English.

Topics such as national language policies of English speaking countries, the influence of technology on English vocabulary, and use of dialects and ascents would fit into this category.

The primary sources of information for this category would be newspapers, interviews, and websites. You secondary sources would be articles and journals.

Category 2: Culture and Society

We divide Culture and Society further into two sub-categories.

In the first sub-category, the focus is on the effect of cultural change on a language in a particular issue on the use or form of the language itself.

In this case, your essay can focus on topic to do with gender, communities, or social groups.

For example:

• Does language reflect a shift in gender roles in the workplace?
• To what extend has the rise and use of slang among teenagers affected the English language?

Such are important and interesting questions that your Extended Essay can focus on if you choose to work on this sub-category.

The second sub-category focuses on artefacts. While this sub-category is general in its cultural nature, it must be specific to a country or community that speaks the language.

To research topics in this sub-category, you will have to use cultural artefacts, which can be visual documents (such as architectures and films), written documents (such as newspapers, articles, adverts, and magazines), spoken documents (such as interviews and screenplays), and fashion icons (such as food dishes or brands).

Category 3: Literature

This category of English Extended Essay is based on a specific work of literature wit text written in the English language.

How to Write English Extended Essay

Writing a 4,000-word essay takes time. You have to identify a topic of interest, develop a research question, determine what to base your research on, and find the right information to include in the essay.

In the following section, you’ll learn how to write a comprehensive English Extended Essay using an easy to follow, systematic approach – even if you think your topic of interest in the subject looks complicated.

Step 1: Pick a Topic of Meaningful Interest to You

Explore the topics and themes taught in you English class and pick one that’s not only of interest to you but also one you’d like to know more about.

Generally, the English EE topic you choose should:

• Be something you’re keen to investigate
• Allow you to formulate a relevant research question
• A subject that you can answer in 4,000 words

After identifying your area of interest and the topic that you would like to explore, it should be easy for you to develop a relevant research question to explore.

Step 2: Develop a Research Question

Many IB students fail Extended Essay because they get the research question part completely wrong. Quite too often, they choose narrow or broad topics that they can’t answer in 4,000 words.

You shouldn’t make the same mistake with your English Extended Essay. What you need is a workable research question with a clear focus that you can answer within the word limits of an Extended Essay.

To arrive at more concise topic to explore in your English Extended Essay, it’s best to employ relevant limiting factors to the broad topic.

For example, the theme “how technology and social media impact our lives” is obviously too broad because it doesn’t tell us what part or component of our lives social media affects exactly.

By applying limiting factor to this theme, we can come up with a more focused research question that will be easily to evaluate within the limits of the expected word count.

A question such as “ to what extent social media corrupted or contributed or corrupted the English language” would be an interesting and more specific topic to explore in your EE.

Step 3: Choose What to Base Your Research On

The third step to writing an English Extended Essay is to find relevant sources to support your research into the topic you selected in step 1.

Start by determine which English category you wish to base your Extended Essay on. That’s because there are minimum expectations when it comes to primary as well as secondary sourcing.

Step 4: Find More Information for Your Extended Essay

If you’ve ticked all the boxes in step one to three, schedule an appointment with your supervisor for more guidance on how to proceed further with your research project.

English Extended Essay Topics

You shouldn’t worry too much if you feel stuck on choosing the best topic for your English Extended Essay . We’ve put together a list of some topic ideas that cover different areas in literary themes, literature, and the English language.

English Extended Essay Topics for College and University

• Is the English a language of customs and traditions with no hard and fast rules unlike other languages in the world?
• How is the American English different from British English, and which one is superior to the other?
• Has globalization played a role in the development of the English language?

English Extended Essay Topics on English Poetry

• Was poetry a text of upper classes in English literature in the classical age and in the era of renaissance?
• Why are there fragmentation and lack of interconnectivity between the stanzas of poems in modern poetry?

English EE Topics on American Literature

• Do various American novels and other literary texts show how the American dream proves to be a complete failure?
• Why were slaves against the anti-slavery movement in the United States of America?

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

IB English: A Complete Guide

Charles Whitehouse

In this comprehensive guide, we will explore IB English A, an integral part of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme . IB English A focuses on the analysis and appreciation of literature. As of 2024, the IB has made slight adjustments to the curriculum to enhance the diversity of literary works studied. These changes aim to better reflect global perspectives and ensure a more inclusive representation of authors and genres. The focus on intercultural understanding has been deepened, with more emphasis on post-colonial and contemporary texts. Its aim is to enhance students' analytical and communication skills while introducing them to diverse literary texts from various cultures and time periods.

Throughout this guide, we will delve into the two options: within IB English A: Literature and IB English A: Language and Literature . We will discuss their objectives, assessment methods, and the distinctions between SL and HL study options.

Whether you are currently enrolled in the course or considering it for the future, this guide will provide valuable insights and strategies for success in IB English A.

Why Study IBDP English A?

Studying IBDP English A offers many benefits for students who want a comprehensive understanding of language and literature. The two courses are an important part of the IBDP and provides a rigorous exploration of various literary works from different cultures, time periods, and genres. By engaging with texts from diverse origins, students develop critical thinking skills, broaden their perspectives, and cultivate empathy for different viewpoints.

IB English also emphasises intercultural understanding, encouraging students to appreciate the richness and complexity of human expression across different linguistic traditions.

Another advantage of taking IB English A is the development of strong communication skills in both writing and speaking. Through analysing texts, comparing works, and creative writing exercises, students learn to express their ideas effectively using appropriate language and stylistic devices.

Class discussions and presentations also require students to communicate their thoughts clearly and consider the needs of diverse audiences. These communication skills are not only valuable for academic success but also essential in professional and social settings beyond the classroom.

Assessment in IBDP English A encourages independent research and collaborative learning. Internal assessments include written tasks that allow students to explore literary topics creatively while developing their research skills.

External assessments consist of examinations that assess analytical abilities and the capacity to engage with unfamiliar texts under time constraints. By navigating these different assessment formats, students develop important skills such as adaptability, self-discipline, and resilience.

The assessment criteria were updated in 2024 to include a stronger focus on reflective writing and the ability to connect literary analysis to real-world contexts. The updated criteria aim to assess not only students' analytical skills but also their ability to relate literature to current global issues.

Considering these advantages, it is clear that IBDP English A provides a valuable educational experience for students who want to deepen their understanding of language, literature, and culture. This course offers not only subject-specific knowledge but also a range of transferable skills that contribute to personal growth and success in future endeavours.

The IB English Literature Syllabus

The IB English Literature course , available in the IB Diploma Programme , offers students a comprehensive exploration of literary works from diverse cultures and historical contexts. Throughout the course, students engage with various texts that include novels, plays, poems, and other literary forms.

The course aims to develop students' critical analysis, interpretation, and evaluation skills, while enhancing their appreciation for the artistic qualities of literature. By studying books like " Pride and Prejudice " by Jane Austen, "One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare, students gain insights into different cultural perspectives and time periods.

Divided into Standard Level and Higher Level, the course accommodates students with varying interests and proficiency levels in literary studies. HL students explore additional texts such as "Beloved" by Toni Morrison, "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and "A Doll's House" by Henrik Ibsen, delving deeper into specific aspects of literary analysis.

The course structure comprises four parts: Works in Translation, Detailed Study, Literary Genres, and Options. Students explore works like "Like Water for Chocolate" by Laura Esquivel, "Foe" by J.M. Coetzee, and "Wide Sargasso Sea" by Jean Rhys, among others, to deepen their understanding of literature from different perspectives, genres, and time periods.

By immersing themselves in these texts, students develop critical thinking skills, improve their reading and writing abilities, and broaden their cultural awareness. The IB English Literature course nurtures a lifelong appreciation for literature, while providing students with essential skills applicable to various academic and professional pursuits.

Through the exploration of diverse texts, students cultivate empathy, creativity, and a deeper understanding of the human experience across different cultures and time periods. Ultimately, this course equips students with valuable skills and knowledge that contribute to their personal growth and success in the wider world.

The IB English Language & Literature Syllabus

The IB English Language & Literature course invites students on a captivating journey of exploration, diving into the intricacies of language and literature. This course, available at both SL and HL, offers students a chance to delve into a diverse range of texts from different cultures, time periods, and genres.

In Part 1 of the course, students analyse an array of non-literary texts such as advertisements, speeches, opinion columns, and social media posts, gaining insights into their language features and persuasive techniques.

Part 2 immerses students in classic literary works from around the world. Texts like "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee, "1984" by George Orwell, and "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen allow students to explore themes, styles, and historical contexts, fostering a deeper appreciation for the power of literature.

For HL students, Parts 3 and 4 offer an even more enriching experience. In Part 3, students examine texts from various literary periods written by authors from diverse cultural backgrounds. They might delve into works like "One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez or "The Handmaid's Tale" by Margaret Atwood, analyzing how these texts reflect societal values and perspectives.

Part 4 delves into the dynamic relationship between language and power dynamics within society. Through texts such as "Animal Farm" by George Orwell or "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker, students explore how language can be used to challenge or reinforce existing power structures.

The 2024 syllabus has introduced several new texts, including “Homegoing” by Yaa Gyasi and “The Ministry of Utmost Happiness” by Arundhati Roy for English Literature HL, and “Exit West” by Mohsin Hamid for Language & Literature HL. These additions reflect a broader inclusion of voices from the Global South and address contemporary issues such as migration and identity.

By engaging with these thought-provoking texts, students develop critical thinking skills, expand their cultural awareness, and cultivate a deeper understanding of the complexities of language and literature. The IB English Language & Literature course empowers students to become active global citizens who appreciate the beauty of language and its profound impact on society.

Have a look at our comprehensive set of IB Resources that include IB Study Notes and IB Practice Questions , developed by expert IB teachers and examiners!

Should You Choose English Lit Or English Lang & Lit?

When considering the IB English A, students face a significant decision: choosing between English Literature and English Language & Literature. It is important to understand the distinctions between these courses in order to make an informed choice based on interests and academic goals.

English Literature focuses primarily on the critical analysis of literary works from diverse time periods, genres, and cultural backgrounds. Here are the pros and cons of choosing English Literature:

• Emphasis on analyzing and interpreting literary texts.
• Opportunity to explore the historical and cultural contexts of literature.
• Development of strong skills in essay writing and oral presentation.
• In-depth study of renowned literary works.
• Limited exposure to non-literary texts.
• Less emphasis on the use of language in various contexts.
• Potential for a narrower focus on literature alone.

On the other hand, English Language & Literature combines language and literature studies. It involves analysing both literary and non-literary texts, including advertisements, speeches, and news articles. Consider the pros and cons of choosing English Language & Literature:

• Investigation of the dynamic relationship between language and society.
• Examination of various modes of communication across cultures.
• Critical thinking about how language shapes our understanding of the world.
• Exposure to a broader range of texts, including both literary and non-literary sources.
• Less intensive study of individual literary works compared to English Literature.
• Potentially less emphasis on close textual analysis and interpretation.
• Reduced focus on the historical and cultural contexts of literature.

When making a decision between the two courses, students should consider their personal interests, strengths, and career aspirations. If passionate about delving into the depths of literature and analyzing specific works in detail, English Literature may be the ideal choice. Conversely, if interested in exploring the multifaceted role of language in society and a broader range of text types, English Language & Literature may be more engaging.

Ultimately, both courses offer valuable opportunities to explore language, literature, and culture. Students should carefully weigh the pros and cons of each course and choose the IB subject that aligns best with their academic journey and passions .

Is IB English Hard?

The question of whether IB English is hard is subjective and can vary depending on the individual student's strengths, interests, and level of commitment. While IB English can be a challenging IB subject , it also offers valuable opportunities for personal growth, intellectual development, and a deeper understanding of language and literature.

IB English requires students to engage with complex texts, analyse them critically, and express their ideas effectively through writing and oral presentations. The coursework may involve studying a variety of literary works, exploring different genres, and considering texts from diverse cultural and historical contexts. This can be demanding, as it requires students to develop strong analytical and interpretive skills, as well as a solid understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and literary devices.

Furthermore, class discussions and assignments may tackle complex themes and issues, requiring students to think critically and engage in meaningful dialogue. This can be intellectually challenging, as it demands a willingness to explore different perspectives and consider the broader social and cultural implications of texts.

However, it is important to note that the difficulty of IB English can vary for each individual. Some students may naturally excel in literary analysis and find the coursework more manageable, while others may find certain aspects more challenging. It is essential for students to be proactive, dedicated, and willing to invest time and effort into their studies in order to succeed in IB English.

While the mean grades achieved in IB English Literature HL (4.87) and IB English Language & Literature HL (5.13) in 2021 provide insight into the overall performance of students, it is important to remember that these statistics do not solely reflect the level of difficulty of the courses. They are an indication of the average achievement, but individual experiences may differ.

Number of IB English A SL & HL candidates and mean grades in 2021

IB English Literature Vs A-Level English Literature

In order to make informed decisions about academic pathways, it is important to compare IB English Literature with another prominent international curriculum, A-Level English Literature . By understanding the key differences between these rigorous programs, students can better determine which course aligns with their interests and goals.

One significant difference lies in the course structure. IB English Literature takes a holistic approach, exploring works from diverse genres, time periods, and cultures. Students analyse texts critically and appreciate their global significance. In contrast, A-Level English Literature primarily focuses on British literature and its historical development. Students delve deeply into specific literary movements, examining the contextual influences. Thus, while both courses emphasise literary analysis, their content coverage differs significantly.

Assessment methods also provide a basis for comparison. The IB English Literature course employs a combination of internal assessments (such as written tasks) and external assessments (such as essays and oral presentations). These varied evaluation tools aim to develop well-rounded individuals capable of effective expression across different formats. In contrast, A-Level English Literature assessments primarily consist of written examinations that assess analytical skills and comprehension of prescribed texts. Both curricula demand critical thinking, but they employ different assessment formats.

An expert A-Level English tutor said:

"As an A-Level English tutor, I tell students that A-Level English focuses deeply on British books, while IB English covers a wider range of books from all over the world. If students like learning about different cultures and histories through literature, IB English might be better for them. It's important for students to think about what kinds of books they enjoy when they choose their course."

Considering these distinctions, students should reflect on their academic preferences when choosing a course. Those who enjoy exploring diverse literary landscapes and developing versatile communication skills may find IB English Literature more suitable. Meanwhile, those with a strong interest in delving deeper into British literature may opt for A-Level English Literature.

For a further in-depth comparison for all subjects, read IB Vs A-Levels - A Comprehensive Guide .

What Level Of English Should You Choose In The IB?

When considering IB English, one crucial decision students face is whether to pursue the Standard Level or Higher Level course in either English Literature or English Language & Literature. This choice significantly impacts the depth and breadth of their study in the subject. Understanding the differences between SL and HL in both English Literature and English Language & Literature can help students make an informed decision based on their language proficiency, interests, and academic goals.

In English Literature, both SL and HL provide students with an opportunity to explore and analyse a range of literary works from different genres, time periods, and cultural contexts. However, HL requires students to study a more extensive selection of texts and engage in more in-depth analysis and interpretation. HL students tackle complex themes, develop advanced analytical skills, and demonstrate a deeper understanding of the literary works studied.

In English Language & Literature, both SL and HL offer a combination of language and literature studies. SL covers a diverse range of texts, allowing students to explore how language is used and manipulated to convey meaning in different contexts. HL expands on this foundation by examining a wider variety of texts and delving deeper into the relationship between language and power dynamics within society.

The decision between SL and HL in either English Literature or English Language & Literature should be based on individual strengths, language proficiency, interests, and academic aspirations. HL is suitable for students with a strong command of English, a passion for literature, and a desire for more extensive and in-depth study. SL provides a solid foundation for students who want to develop their language and analytical skills while exploring a range of texts.

It is worth noting that HL entails a more demanding workload with additional requirements, such as an extended essay and a study of works in translation. Students should carefully consider their capabilities, commitment, and time management skills when deciding whether to pursue HL.

By carefully considering these factors, students can choose the level and course (English Literature or English Language & Literature) that best aligns with their goals for success in the IB English program.

IB English A SL & HL grade distributions in 2021

IB English Lit and English Lang & Lit Grading System And Exam Format

Both IB English Literature and Language & Literature aim to develop critical thinking skills, a deep understanding of literature, and effective communication. The assessment process includes internal and external components designed to evaluate language proficiency, literary analysis, and communication skills.

The grading system in both IB courses uses a numerical scale ranging from 1 (lowest) to 7 (highest). Each level corresponds to specific descriptors reflecting abilities in reading comprehension, written expression, oral communication, and analytical thinking. Attaining a high grade signifies a strong command of the English language and excellence in literary analysis and creative expression.

While both courses share similarities in their grading system, the exam format differs. In IB English Literature, written examinations include Paper 1 (Literary Commentary) and Paper 2 (Comparative Essay) , which are externally assessed. These exams test critical analysis skills by analysing unseen texts and comparing works studied throughout the course.

In contrast, the exam format for IB English Language & Literature includes Paper 1 (Textual Analysis) and Paper 2 (Essay Writing) , which are also externally assessed. Paper 1 focuses on analysing unseen texts, while Paper 2 requires students to produce well-structured essays that demonstrate their understanding and interpretation of the texts.

Navigating the complexities of the grading system and exam format may initially seem challenging. However, understanding these components enhances students' chances of success in IB English Literature and Language & Literature.

How To Study And Get A 7 In IB English?

After understanding the significance of achieving a desirable grade in IB English, it is important to explore effective strategies that can lead students towards excellence, with the ultimate goal of obtaining a 7 – the highest level of mastery and understanding.

To maximize their chances of success, students can employ various revision techniques and tips. A systematic approach to preparation is crucial, starting with the creation of a study schedule that allocates specific time for reading, writing, and oral assessments. This ensures an organized structure and helps maintain balance across different components of the course.

Regular practice with past exam questions is invaluable, as it familiarizes students with the format and expectations of the examination, and allows them to refine their skills.

Developing strong analytical skills is another key aspect of successful revision. In-depth analysis of texts throughout the course enables students to identify literary techniques and themes used by authors, enhancing their understanding and appreciation of the works. Engaging with secondary sources, such as critical essays, participating in group discussions and seeking guidance from teachers or professional IB tutors , can provide alternative viewpoints and deepen comprehension.

Mastering written expression is vital for achieving high scores in Paper 1 and Paper 2 examinations. Consistent practice in composing well-structured essays under timed conditions improves time management during exams and allows for valuable feedback from peers or instructors. Utilizing a varied vocabulary, constructing coherent arguments, and incorporating relevant textual evidence are essential components of producing sophisticated essays that earn top marks in IB English.

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Overview Of the IB English Literature Internal Assessment

The internal assessment is a vital part of the IB English Literature program, offering students an opportunity to showcase their analytical and interpretative skills beyond the exams. Comprising 30% of the final grade, the Individual Oral Commentary (IOC) requires students to provide a detailed analysis of a passage from one of their studied works, demonstrating a deep understanding of literary devices and their connections to form, meaning, and context.

To excel in the IOC, students are advised by senior IB English tutors to practice extensively, engaging with passages from each work studied. Mock IOCs and guidance from teachers are valuable, but self-directed practice is also crucial. By honing analytical skills and improving oral expression, students gain confidence in discerning significant features within texts and articulating their observations effectively.

Through diligent preparation, persistent practice, and a commitment to growth, students can attain success in the internal assessment, contributing to their overall achievement in the IB English Literature program.

Overview Of the IB English Language And Literature Internal Assessment

Within the vast landscape of IB English Language and Literature, the internal assessment stands as a significant component. This crucial element allows students to deepen their understanding and appreciation of literary and linguistic works.

The internal assessment aims to foster independent exploration and critical thinking, encouraging students to actively engage in their intellectual journey. It consists of two main components: the Individual Oral Commentary and the Written Task 1. The oral presentation involves analyzing an unseen passage from a studied text, while the written task requires creating a creative piece inspired by course materials.

Evaluation criteria encompass understanding and interpretation, analysis, language use, and presentation skills. Students must demonstrate comprehension, identify literary techniques, support arguments with evidence, and effectively communicate ideas.

By embracing the challenges and meeting the standards of the internal assessment, students can progress towards mastery in the IB English Language and Literature program.

Top Resources For IB English Preparation

Preparing for the International Baccalaureate (IB) English course can be overwhelming due to the abundance of available resources. However, focusing on the most valuable ones can greatly enhance your preparation and set you up for success. This list provides an overview of essential resources that will guide you through your IB English journey. By utilizing these resources, you can improve your understanding of the subject, develop important skills, and increase your chances of achieving academic excellence.

1. Official IB materials:

• Past papers: Reviewing past papers provides insight into the structure and style of questions, allowing you to practice under timed conditions.
• Examiner reports: These reports highlight common errors and areas where students often struggle, offering guidance for targeted revision strategies.
• Subject guides: Subject guides outline what is expected from students in terms of knowledge and skills development.
• Assessment criteria: Familiarise yourself with the assessment criteria to understand how your work will be evaluated.

2. Online platforms:

• IB Prepared: A comprehensive platform designed by experienced educators offering study guides, exam-style questions, video tutorials, and more.
• Kognity : An interactive digital textbook that combines engaging content with automated assessments, providing instant feedback on your progress.
• InThinking : A subscription-based service that grants access to detailed resources created by experienced IB teachers across all subjects, including English.

3. Revision guides and textbooks:

• " IB English A: Language and Literature " by Rob Allison and Brian Chanen: This comprehensive guide covers the entire IB English A Language and Literature syllabus, providing in-depth analysis of texts, practice activities, and exam-style questions.
• " IB English A: Literature Course Book " by David James and Nic Amy: This course book offers a thorough exploration of literature texts, including analysis, discussion questions, and guidance for written tasks.
• "IB English A: Language and Literature Skills and Practice" by Hannah Tyson and Mark Beverley: This workbook focuses on developing essential skills for IB English, such as essay writing, textual analysis, and oral presentations.

4. Literary analysis websites:

• Shmoop : This website provides in-depth analysis and explanations of complex texts studied in the course, helping you better understand the literature.
• SparkNotes: SparkNotes offers study guides, summaries, and analysis of literary works, supporting your comprehension and interpretation of texts.

5. Study groups with peers: Collaborating with classmates through study groups allows for deep discussions about texts, fosters critical thinking skills, and provides a supportive learning environment.

6. Private tutors: Hiring a private IB English tutor can provide personalized guidance and support tailored to your specific needs, helping you improve your understanding, skills, and exam performance.

These resources cover a range of materials, including practice papers, study guides, textbooks, online platforms, literary analysis websites, and private tutors. By incorporating these top resources into your study routine, you'll gain valuable insights, receive targeted feedback, and have access to comprehensive materials tailored to the IB English curriculum. Maximise your preparation and excel in your IB English journey with these essential resources.

Enhanced Focus on Reflective Writing in 2024

With the new assessment updates introduced in 2024, reflective writing has taken on a more prominent role in both IB English Literature and Language & Literature courses. Reflective writing requires students to connect their analysis of literary works with broader global issues and personal experiences. This addition aims to deepen students' understanding of literature's relevance to the real world and enhance their critical thinking skills.

Increased Representation of Global Voices in the 2024 Syllabus

The IB has made a concerted effort to diversify its curriculum by incorporating more works from authors in the Global South. This change, effective from 2024, introduces students to a wider array of perspectives, particularly focusing on post-colonial narratives and contemporary global issues. By studying texts from a more varied selection of authors, students can develop a richer understanding of literature’s role in reflecting and shaping societal values.

Exploring Career and University Opportunities With IB English

Embarking on the English journey as part of the IB curriculum not only enriches your understanding of language and literature but also opens up a world of career and university opportunities. The skills and knowledge gained from studying IB English can be applied to various fields and pathways, giving you a competitive edge in the ever-evolving global landscape.

1. Publishing Professional : With strong literary analysis and communication skills, you can pursue careers as editors, literary agents, or content creators in the publishing industry. You will contribute to shaping and promoting literary works for publication.

2. Journalist: The critical analysis and effective communication skills developed in IB English make you well-suited for journalism careers. You can work as a reporter, editor, or news writer, delivering informative and engaging stories to the public.

3. English Teacher : IB English provides a solid foundation for becoming an English teacher or online tutor . You can inspire and educate future generations, sharing your passion for literature and language with students.

4. Advertising and Marketing Specialist: The persuasive writing and audience engagement skills cultivated in IB English are valuable in the advertising and marketing industry. You can create compelling content and develop effective communication strategies to promote products or services.

5. Public Relations Professional: Leveraging your strong oral and written communication skills, you can excel in public relations roles. You will manage communication and build relationships between organisations and their target audiences.

6. Content Writer: The ability to analyze and interpret texts acquired in IB English opens doors to content writing roles. You can create impactful written materials for various platforms, including websites, blogs, and social media.

University Degrees:

1. English Literature : IB English prepares you for degrees in English literature, where you can explore the rich literary tradition and analyze diverse texts from different time periods and cultures.

2. Comparative Literature: Studying IB English provides a strong foundation for pursuing degrees in comparative literature, allowing you to examine the connections and contrasts between various literary works and traditions.

3. Creative Writing: With the skills developed in IB English, you can pursue a degree in creative writing, honing your craft in writing poetry, fiction, or plays.

4. Linguistics : IB English complements studies in linguistics, where you can delve into the scientific study of language, its structure, and its role in communication.

5. Translation Studies: The exploration of language in IB English provides a strong foundation for studies in translation, preparing you for a career as a professional translator or interpreter.

6. Humanities and Social Sciences: The skills and knowledge gained in IB English complement various disciplines within the humanities and social sciences, offering a solid academic background for degrees in fields such as history, sociology, psychology, or political science.

The skills developed in IB English, including critical thinking, analysis, research, and effective communication, are highly valued by universities and employers alike. Whether you choose a career directly related to literature and language or pursue other fields, IB English equips you with transferable skills that are applicable across diverse industries. By embracing the opportunities provided by IB English, you can carve a path towards a fulfilling career and gain admission to reputable universities around the world.

What Is A Good IB English Literature Score?

A good IB English Literature score is typically achieved by earning a grade of 5 or higher. This indicates a strong performance in the subject and exceeds the average HL grade, which is 4.87. Scoring 5 or above reflects a solid understanding of literary concepts, effective analysis, and the ability to articulate ideas coherently.

To attain such a score, students should demonstrate proficiency in areas such as literary analysis, critical interpretation, and effective written communication. Achieving a good score in IB English Literature showcases a strong command of the subject and contributes to a successful overall performance.

What Is A Good IB English Language & Literature Score?

A good IB English Language & Literature score is typically achieved by earning a grade of 6 or higher. This reflects a strong performance in the subject and exceeds the average high-level (HL) grade, which is 5.13. Scoring 6 or above signifies a solid understanding of language, literature analysis, and effective communication skills. It demonstrates the ability to critically analyze texts, interpret their meaning, and express ideas coherently.

To attain a good score in IB English Language & Literature, students should showcase proficiency in areas such as textual analysis, language features, and writing techniques. Achieving a score of 6 or higher showcases excellence in the subject and contributes to a successful overall performance.

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P1 - examination questions, p2 - examination questions, individual oral, the learner portfolio, extended essay, essential knowledge.

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Here you will find examples of real student HL Essays. Take a read and, using the marking criteria, grade them. You can compare your marks with those of the examiner.

Student Samples

The Characterization of Luis Alberto Molina through the use of Films, Dialogue and Stream of Consciousness in Manuel Puig’s Kiss of the Spider Woman 

Luis Alberto Molina, commonly referred to as Molina, is arguably the most fascinating and captivating character in the prose novel Kiss of the Spider Woman, written by the Argentine author Manuel Puig. The novel, first published in its original Spanish in 1976, revolves primarily around the relationship between two convicts in a Buenos Aires prison, presumably during the military dictatorship of the late 1970s: Molina, a homosexual cross-dresser imprisoned for sexual perversion, and Valentin, imprisoned and tortured for being a member of a Marxist resistance group. Puig employs several narrative techniques to reveal the intrinsic nature of Molina’s character while confined in a cell with an initially hostile companion. Firstly, Molina frequently submerges the reader into the realm of film, as he narrates several romantic films throughout the novel, the most significant being the 1942 film Cat People and one described as Nazi Propaganda. The films express Molina’s longing for escapism and his mannerism. Secondly, the author’s use of unmarked, outer dialogue establishes Molina’s self-identity. Furthermore, the dialogue portrays Molina in relation to Valentin, as the two develop a strong bond throughout the novel, to the point where they share complete intimacy and engage in sexual activities. Lastly, Puig’s use of stream of consciousness writing provides vital insight into Molina’s internal conflicts and reveals his true identity as a spy. 

The author employs films narrated by Molina as a medium through which his character is introduced to the reader and developed throughout the novel. In order to combat boredom and help pass the time, Molina vividly narrates the plots of several movies, often embellished with romance. As the films are presented through Molina’s eyes, they give vital insight into his perception of the world around him. The novel begins with Molina describing the appearance of the main protagonist of the film Cat People: Irena, a Romanian immigrant who fears she will turn into a panther if a man kisses her. In the film, she falls in love with a charming architect, who takes on a protective role and attempts to take away her fears. Molina goes into great detail, stating that “[her] face, [is] more oval than roundish, […]” (1) and that her hair is “ […] cut in bangs […], and is down to the shoulders, […], with little curls at the end too, almost like a permanent wave.”(1). This vivid description portrays Molina as a man who admires feminine features. Throughout the narration, Molina pays special attention to fashion, decorations in homes, and romance, highlighting his obsession with escaping into fantasy worlds. This message is further reiterated when Valentin “break[s] the illusion” by criticizing Molina’s narration, to which he responds that he would rather have “the panther woman’s boyfriend to keep [him] company instead of [Valentin].” (17). Additionally, the film is riddled with symbols of femininity and masculinity, which Molina sympathizes with. When asked by Valentin who he relates to in the film, he reveals that he identifies with Irena, as “[…] She’s the heroine,[…] Always with the heroine.” (25). This shows Molina’s desire to be the hero of his own life story. This foreshadows the ending of the novel, where Molina dies in an attempt to deliver information to Valentin’s resistance movement. Furthermore, Molina strongly connects with the pipe-smoking architect, due to him being “ […] the gentle type, and understanding.” (17). This subtly hints towards Molina’s submissiveness, as he desires a partner that protects him like the architect protects Irene. The second film follows the story of a French woman who falls in love with a Nazi officer and is forced to spy on him for the French resistance. While Valentin is quick to point out that the film is portraying the nazis as the saviors of Europe and calls it “Nazi junk”, Molina decides to ignore him, stating that “The film [is] divine, and for me, that’s all that’s what counts.” (78). Molinas unwillingness to see past the superficial glamour of the film and recognize that it intends to vilify the french resistance furthers the notion of Molina’s disconnect from a hostile society and his need to escape into fictional, romantic scenarios. Additionally, the themes of espionage and betrayal in the second film foreshadow the revelation that Molina is a spy for the prison warden, and has been promised early release if he extracts information on Valentin’s resistance movement. Consequently, the films are key to decipher Molina’s personality as they display a disconnect from reality and give insight into his feminine nature. 

Traditionally, novels are told by a narrator who exists either inside (internal) or outside (external) the story’s universe. What sets the novel apart from others is the fact that the author omits an external narrator entirely, using outer dialogue between the two characters to reveal Molina’s character. This narrative device effectively places the reader into the head of Molina and provides information about his self-identity. Furthermore, the change in dialogue from one character to another is indicated solely by a dash, forcing the reader to, at times, deduce who is speaking solely by their diction. When Valentin brings up Molina’s tendency of escapism and mocks his femininity, Molina retaliates, exclaiming that “You’re all alike, always coming to me with the same business.” (19), expressing his anger towards the society that rejects him. Molina continues by saying that “If a woman’s the best there is, […] I want to be one.” (19). This powerful phrase is the first glimpse the reader gets of Molina’s identity, as it becomes clear he doesn’t consider himself a stereotypical, masculine man. Once Valentin opens up to Molina about his relationship with his girlfriend, Molina reciprocates, revealing he is in love with a heterosexual waiter named Gabriel. Molina perceives Gabriel as a “real man” due to him being “elegant, […] soft and masculine.” (61). When asked about his definition of masculinity, he responds by stating “[…] it’s knowing what you want, where you’re going.” (61). The reader automatically recognizes that Molina doesn’t fit his own definition of masculinity, as he pursues the impossible goal of living with Gabriel, despite him being married. Furthermore, when talking about himself in the third person, Molina calls himself a “woman”, stating that “[…] when it comes to him, I can’t talk about myself like a man, because I don’t feel like one.” (60). This reveals Molina’s self-identity as a stereotypical female and accordingly, his attraction to a “real man”.Therefore, the author’s choice to employ outer dialogue between the prisoners is effective in refining Molina’s character as the device forces the reader to see things from his perspective, simultaneously allowing for a great deal of personal interpretation due to the first-hand narration. 

A third narrative technique that Puig employs to great effect is stream of consciousness writing. The device, meant to give the reader an insight into Molina’s disturbed state of mind, is used extensively throughout chapter 5 (96-112), where Molina privately pictures the plot of a third movie while Valentin studies politics. In the stream of consciousness writing, several of Molina’s thoughts help the reader understand his internal conflicts. Firstly, Molina’s resentment towards the society that loathes him is once again shown when he thinks: “[…] it feels so bad when someone gives you a black look, […] or when they refuse to look at you all together.” (105). This is strongly contrasted by feelings of guilt, which is expressed when he thinks of his sickly mother, whom he fears will die of a broken heart due to having a son “steeped in vice” (105). In the next few sentences, the reader gets a glimpse into an emotion once thought impossible by the sensitive, gentle character: rage. When Molina reflects on the judge that was determined to bring on him “[…] the full weight of what the law permitted […]” (106) and his mother’s horrified reaction, he becomes furious:“[…] if he dared to say one stupid word about her, I would kill the son of a bitch […]” (106). Towards the end of the passage, Molina thinks about the promise the warden gave him of a reduced sentence, giving the reader the first clue that he is a spy. The stream of consciousness section is therefore vital in the portrayal of Molina’s character as the reader interprets his potential for violence as the ultimate expression of affection towards his mother, as well as emotions such as resentment, rage and guilt. 

In conclusion, the narrative techniques mentioned above combine synergistically to give Molina his charismatic, romantic, and conflicting character. The films ‘told’ by Molina are central to the construction of his identity as they reveal his disconnect from reality and his feminine personality. The author’s use of outer dialogue adds to Molina’s characterization as his communication with Valentin reveals his self-identity. Finally, Puig’s use of stream of consciousness writing displays conflicting emotions that plague Molina. The construction of Molina’s character is vital as he is central to the plot of the novel and challenges the readers perception on homosexuality, gender expression and identity. 

Puig, Manuel, and Thomas Colchie. Kiss of the Spider Woman. Vintage International, 1991. 

Bibliography

Cat People. Directed by J. Tourneur, RKO Pictures, 1942.

Examiner's Marks

The motif of death and the interconnection between the Netflix series  13 Reasons Why  and the novel  Crossing the Mangrove

Word Count: 1500

Bibliography:

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Extended Essay Guide: Criteria, Format, Sample EEs

• Criteria, Format, Sample EEs
• Annotated Bibliographies
• DP Research Process
• Databases & Academic Journals
• Evaluate Sources
• Academic Integrity
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The Assessment Crtiteria in Detail!

• Criterion A: Focus and method
• Criterion B: Knowledge and understanding
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking
• Criterion D: Presentation
• Criterion E: Engagement
• EE_How to maximize marks for different subjects?

• Criterion C: Critical thinking

Notes from the IB

RE: Research Question and Title of Extended Essay

Please note the statement below from the EE curriculum manager regarding the need to have both a title and a RQ for all subjects. Previous versions of the EE Guide indicated that the title and the RQ should be the same for History, Business Management and Mathematics. This is no longer the case.  All essays, regardless of the subject, need to have both a RQ and a title.

Hi Kathy, 

To answer your question, I am going to quote directly from a response John Royce provided, on this forum, in October in response to a very similar question: (it was a question about using Spanish sources - hence the mention of Spanish)

It is certainly  permissible to use sources which are not in the language of the essay, but translation into the target language is required , one cannot assume that the reader understands the original language.

It is usual to quote the original as well as presenting the translation.  [Do not put quotation marks around your translation, just around the original]

Umberto Eco argues ("in Mouse or rat?") that direct translation may lose meaning, paraphrase or use of different idioms may be required to get the ideas across. Paul Bellos ("Is that a fish in your ear?") makes a similar argument - direct translation may confound meaning... Direct translation may not be ideal - meaning and understanding are preferred - so, not to worry that your student with her good Spanish cannot present a direct translation.

What  must be made clear is that the translations are those of the student;  these are her understandings. Readers can make of that what they will - and if unsure, are presented with the original - they can seek another translation.  A note in the acknowledgements and/or in the introduction to the effect that all translations are those of the writer is ... essential.

In response to the question about the  Bibliography/Works cited, my preference would be to list the source in its original Thai version, but perhaps with the English in brackets, to help the examiner.

Your bibliography will have the entries in Thai characters first in the document. Any in-text citation to Thai sources will be in (Thai characters [English translation]).

Citation in Thai [English translation]

Works Cited Example:

วงษ์ปัญญา, ธนกร [Wongpunya, Thanakorn]. “โรงงานยาสูบรวยแค่ไหน และเอาเงินไปทำอะไรบ้าง.”  [How rich is the Thailand Tobacco Monopoly and where does the money go?] (candidate translation). The Standard, The Standard, 30 Aug. 2018, thestandard.co/thailand-tobacco-monopoly/.

Format of the Extended Essay

Required Formatting

The extended essay should be written in a clear, correct and formal academic style, appropriate to the subject from which the topic is drawn. Given that the extended essay is a formally written research paper, it should strive to maintain a professional, academic look. 

To help achieve this, the following formatting is  required:

• 12-point, readable font (Calibri or Times New Roman);
• double spacing throughout entire Essay;
• page numbering - top right corner;
• no candidate or school name or supervisor name on the title page or page headers.

Submitting the extended essay in the required format will help set the tone of the essay and will aid readability for on-screen assessment by examiners.

Required S tructure

The structure of the essay is very important. It helps students to organize the argument, making the best use of the evidence collected. 

There are six required elements of the final work to be submitted. More details about each element are given in the  “Presentation”  section. Please note that the order in which these elements are presented here is not necessarily the order in which they should be written. 

Six required elements of the extended essay:

• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography -- if MLA "Works Cited" if CSE "References"

1. Required Title Page  

The title page should include  only  the following information: 

• the title of the essay
• the research question
• the subject the essay is registered in (if it is a language essay also state which category it falls into; if a world studies essay also state the theme and the two subjects utilized) 

The upper limit is 4,000 words for all extended essays. 

2. Required Contents Page

A contents page must be provided at the beginning of the extended essay and all pages should be numbered. Please note that an index page is not required and if included will be treated as if it is not present.

3. Required Introduction

The introduction should tell the reader what to expect in the essay. The introduction should make clear to the reader the focus of the essay, the scope of the research, in particular an indication of the sources to be used, and an insight into the line of argument to be taken. 

While students should have a sense of the direction and key focus of their essay, it is sometimes advisable to finalize the introduction once the body of the essay is complete.

4. Required Body of the Essay  (research, analysis, discussion, and evaluation)

The main task is writing the body of the essay, which should be presented in the form of a reasoned argument. The form of this varies with the subject of the essay but as the argument develops it should be clear to the reader what relevant evidence has been discovered, where/how it has been discovered and how it supports the argument. In some subjects, for example, the sciences, sub-headings within the main body of the essay will help the reader to understand the argument (and will also help the student to keep on track). In structuring their extended essay, students must take into consideration the expected conventions of the subject in which their extended essay is registered. 

Once the main body of the essay is complete, it is possible to finalize the introduction (which tells the reader what to expect) and the conclusion (which says what has been achieved, including notes of any limitations and any questions that have not been resolved). 

Any information that is important to the argument  must not  be included in appendices or footnotes/endnotes. The examiner  will not  read notes or appendices, so an essay that is not complete in itself will be compromised across the assessment criteria.

5. Required Conclusion

The conclusion says what has been achieved, including notes of any limitations and any questions that have not been resolved. While students might draw conclusions throughout the essay based on their findings, it is important that there is a final, summative conclusion at the end. This conclusion(s) must relate to the research question posed.

6.  Required References & Bibliography

Students should use their chosen style of academic referencing as soon as they start writing. That way they are less likely to forget to include a citation. It is also easier than trying to add references at a later stage. For more information on this, refer to the guidelines in the IB document  Effective citing and referencing.

Writing the essay takes time but if students have used their Researcher's reflection space and reflection sessions in a meaningful way they should be well prepared to develop their arguments.

Extended Essay - Examples & Exemplars

• Essays from May 2018 with IB marks and commentaries
• Assessed Student Work & Commentary IB-provided. "Student sample extended essays, corresponding marks and comments from senior examiners are available for the following Diploma Programme disciplines. Please note that in light of not having authentic RPPFs to accompany these essays, they are marked against criteria A – D only, for a total of 28 possible marks. Following the first assessment session in 2018, exemplars will be refreshed with authentic sample material." more... less... Biology English Economics History Studies in language and literature Language acquisition Mathematics Psychology Visual arts World studies extended essay (WSEE)
• Excellenet Extended Essays Concordian GoogleDoc
• EngA1_Othello EE Othello 2018 From inThinking.net Click the link to see the score and evaluation.
• Fifty (50) More Excellent Extended Essays DVD by International Baccalaureate Call Number: HS DVD 808.4 ISBN: 9781906345600 Publication Date: 2011 1 DVD-ROM (1:33 min.)

Past CIS Extended Essays

Available in the library behind the desk are file folders of past Extended Essays by Concordian students and IB EE Exemplars. Feel free to browse the papers which must be kept in the library.

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