history essay exam

Writing a history essay

An essay is a piece of sustained writing in response to a question, topic or issue. Essays are commonly used for assessing and evaluating student progress in history. History essays test a range of skills including historical understanding, interpretation and analysis, planning, research and writing.

To write an effective essay, students should examine the question, understand its focus and requirements, acquire information and evidence through research, then construct a clear and well-organised response. Writing a good history essay should be rigorous and challenging, even for stronger students. As with other skills, essay writing develops and improves over time. Each essay you complete helps you become more competent and confident in exercising these skills.

Study the question

This is an obvious tip but one sadly neglected by some students. The first step to writing a good essay, whatever the subject or topic, is to give plenty of thought to the question.

An essay question will set some kind of task or challenge. It might ask you to explain the causes and/or effects of a particular event or situation. It might ask if you agree or disagree with a statement. It might ask you to describe and analyse the causes and/or effects of a particular action or event. Or it might ask you to evaluate the relative significance of a person, group or event.

You should begin by reading the essay question several times. Underline, highlight or annotate keywords or terms in the text of the question. Think about what it requires you to do. Who or what does it want you to concentrate on? Does it state or imply a particular timeframe? What problem or issue does it want you to address?

Begin with a plan

Every essay should begin with a written plan. Start constructing a plan as soon as you have received your essay question and given it some thought.

Prepare for research by brainstorming and jotting down your thoughts and ideas. What are your initial responses or thoughts about the question? What topics, events, people or issues are connected with the question? Do any additional questions or issues flow from the question? What topics or events do you need to learn more about? What historians or sources might be useful?

If you encounter a mental ‘brick wall’ or are uncertain about how to approach the question, don’t hesitate to discuss it with someone else. Consult your teacher, a capable classmate or someone you trust. Bear in mind too that once you start researching, your plan may change as you locate new information.

Start researching

After studying the question and developing an initial plan, start to gather information and evidence.

Most will start by reading an overview of the topic or issue, usually in some reliable secondary sources. This will refresh or build your existing understanding of the topic and provide a basis for further questions or investigation.

Your research should take shape from here, guided by the essay question and your own planning. Identify terms or concepts you do not know and find out what they mean. As you locate information, ask yourself if it is relevant or useful for addressing the question. Be creative with your research, looking in a variety of places.

If you have difficulty locating information, seek advice from your teacher or someone you trust.

Develop a contention

All good history essays have a clear and strong contention. A contention is the main idea or argument of your essay. It serves both as an answer to the question and the focal point of your writing.

Ideally, you should be able to express your contention as a single sentence. For example, the following contention might form the basis of an essay question on the rise of the Nazis:

Q. Why did the Nazi Party win 37 per cent of the vote in July 1932? A. The Nazi Party’s electoral success of 1932 was a result of economic suffering caused by the Great Depression, public dissatisfaction with the Weimar Republic’s democratic political system and mainstream parties, and Nazi propaganda that promised a return to traditional social, political and economic values.

An essay using this contention would then go on to explain and justify these statements in greater detail. It will also support the contention with argument and evidence.

At some point in your research, you should begin thinking about a contention for your essay. Remember, you should be able to express it briefly as if addressing the essay question in a single sentence, or summing up in a debate.

Try to frame your contention so that is strong, authoritative and convincing. It should sound like the voice of someone well informed about the subject and confident about their answer.

Plan an essay structure

Once most of your research is complete and you have a strong contention, start jotting down a possible essay structure. This need not be complicated, a few lines or dot points is ample.

Every essay must have an introduction, a body of several paragraphs and a conclusion. Your paragraphs should be well organised and follow a logical sequence.

You can organise paragraphs in two ways: chronologically (covering events or topics in the order they occurred) or thematically (covering events or topics based on their relevance or significance). Every paragraph should be clearly signposted in the topic sentence.

Once you have finalised a plan for your essay, commence your draft.

Write a compelling introduction

Many consider the introduction to be the most important part of an essay. It is important for several reasons. It is the reader’s first experience of your essay. It is where you first address the question and express your contention. It is also where you lay out or ‘signpost’ the direction your essay will take.

Aim for an introduction that is clear, confident and punchy. Get straight to the point – do not waste time with a rambling or storytelling introduction.

Start by providing a little context, then address the question, articulate your contention and indicate what direction your essay will take.

Write fully formed paragraphs

Many history students fall into the trap of writing short paragraphs, sometimes containing as little as one or two sentences. A good history essay contains paragraphs that are themselves ‘mini-essays’, usually between 100-200 words each.

A paragraph should focus on one topic or issue only – but it should contain a thorough exploration of that topic or issue.

A good paragraph will begin with an effective opening sentence, sometimes called a topic sentence or signposting sentence. This sentence introduces the paragraph topic and briefly explains its significance to the question and your contention. Good paragraphs also contain thorough explanations, some analysis and evidence, and perhaps a quotation or two.

Finish with an effective conclusion

The conclusion is the final paragraph of your essay. A good conclusion should do two things. First, it should reiterate or restate the contention of your essay. Second, it should close off your essay, ideally with a polished ending that is not abrupt or awkward.

One effective way to do this is with a brief summary of ‘what happened next’. For example, an essay discussing Hitler’s rise to power in 1933 might close with a couple of sentences about how he consolidated and strengthened his power in 1934-35.

Your conclusion need not be as long or as developed as your body paragraphs. You should avoid introducing new information or evidence in the conclusion.

Reference and cite your sources

A history essay is only likely to succeed if it is appropriately referenced. Your essay should support its information, ideas and arguments with citations or references to reliable sources.

Referencing not only acknowledges the work of others, but it also gives authority to your writing and provides the teacher or assessor with an insight into your research. More information on referencing a piece of history writing can be found here .

Proofread, edit and seek feedback

Every essay should be proofread, edited and, if necessary, re-drafted before being submitted for assessment. Essays should ideally be completed well before their due date then put aside for a day or two before proofreading.

When proofreading, look first for spelling and grammatical errors, typographical mistakes, incorrect dates or other errors of fact.

Think then about how you can improve the clarity, tone and structure of your essay. Does your essay follow a logical structure or sequence? Is the signposting in your essay clear and effective? Are some sentences too long or ‘rambling’? Do you repeat yourself? Do paragraphs need to be expanded, fine-tuned or strengthened with more evidence?

Read your essay aloud, either to yourself or another person. Seek feedback and advice from a good writer or someone you trust (they need not have expertise in history, only in effective writing).

Some general tips on writing

• Always write in the third person . Never refer to yourself personally, using phrases like “I think…” or “It is my contention…”. Good history essays should adopt the perspective of an informed and objective third party. They should sound rational and factual – not like an individual expressing their opinion.
• Always write in the past tense . An obvious tip for a history essay is to write in the past tense. Always be careful about your use of tense. Watch out for mixed tenses when proofreading your work. One exception to the rule about past tense is when writing about the work of modern historians (for example, “Kershaw writes…” sounds better than “Kershaw wrote…” or “Kershaw has written…”).
• Avoid generalisations . Generalisation is a problem in all essays but it is particularly common in history essays. Generalisation occurs when you form general conclusions from one or more specific examples. In history, this most commonly occurs when students study the experiences of a particular group, then assume their experiences applied to a much larger group – for example, “All the peasants were outraged”, “Women rallied to oppose conscription” or “Germans supported the Nazi Party”. Both history and human society, however, are never this clear cut or simple. Always try to avoid generalisation and be on the lookout for generalised statements when proofreading.
• Write short, sharp and punchy . Good writers vary their sentence length but as a rule of thumb, most of your sentences should be short and punchy. The longer a sentence becomes, the greater the risk of it becoming long-winded or confusing. Long sentences can easily become disjointed, confused or rambling. Try not to overuse long sentences and pay close attention to sentence length when proofreading.
• Write in an active voice . In history writing, the active voice is preferable to the passive voice. In the active voice, the subject completes the action (e.g. “Hitler [the subject] initiated the Beer Hall putsch [the action] to seize control of the Bavarian government”). In the passive voice, the action is completed by the subject (“The Beer Hall putsch [the action] was initiated by Hitler [the subject] to seize control of the Bavarian government”). The active voice also helps prevent sentences from becoming long, wordy and unclear.

You may also find our page on writing for history useful.

Citation information Title : ‘Writing a history essay’ Authors : Jennifer Llewellyn, Steve Thompson Publisher : Alpha History URL : https://alphahistory.com/writing-a-history-essay/ Date published : April 13, 2020 Date updated : December 20, 2022 Date accessed : Today’s date Copyright : The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use.

Taking Exams

By Professor Jacki Thompson Rand, Department of History, University of Iowa

The Purpose of an Essay Exam

The purpose of the college-level essay exam is to compel students to analyze and synthesize the course material. An essay exam gives you the opportunity to demonstrate a mastery of the material above and beyond the memorization of basic facts.

Writing the Exam

Point of departure: present an argument.

History is far more than a collection of facts. The study of history is, in essence, the study of various interpretations about what happened in the past.  To write history well -- and to write an essay exam well -- requires you to present an argument, to offer an interpretation based upon an analysis of all the relevant evidence you have at your disposal. In short, there is seldom one right answer. What issues you choose to focus upon, what evidence you choose to emphasize, and what interpretation you choose to give this evidence all become part of the argument that you make in your essay test. Thus, even before you see the question, you should realize that your task is to respond to the question by presenting a tightly organized argument.

Here is a sample question that will serve as our example throughout this study guide.

"American Indians confined to federally-established reservations during the last quarter of the 19th century were hopelessly oppressed. Nothing about reservation life offered them any avenues of happiness, let alone autonomy or self-expression." Discuss the adequacy of this statement.

Understanding the Question

Make sure you understand everything stated by, or implied in the question. Do not rush ahead before reflecting upon precisely what is being called for in the essay question. After reading the question above, for example, you should think about all of its implications and then begin to break it up into its constituent parts. The sample quotation might prompt you to think about the following:

• A definition of 'American Indians.' Who were they in the context of the reservation period? Were all tribes confined to reservations? Did each individual tribe get its own reservation? Your essay will be weakened by generalizations about 'generic' American Indians. What specific tribal examples might you provide?
• A definition of reservation. What is meant by that? Besides referring to a fixed locality, how did the reservation work?
• The quotation asserts that reservation-based American Indians were oppressed, but if they were oppressed, who oppressed them? (Note that the quotation is written in passive voice.) Can you describe expressions or manifestations of oppression? Was the oppression the same for all reservation people? Was oppression the only experience of reservation American Indians?
• Is 'hopelessly' too strong a word? The question implies that reservation people had absolutely no avenues of power or agency open to them.
• What is implied by the words autonomy and self-expression?
• The question implies that reservation life might contain some realms of experience beyond oppression and victimization.

Organizing Your Argument

After thinking about the implications of the question, but before beginning to write the exam, jot down a brief outline of your argument. Five minutes spent organizing your argument is worth thirty minutes of aimless writing. Your outline might include your thesis statement, the major points you intend to cover and the order you intend to present them, and perhaps a list of basic examples you will include to substantiate your thesis. Your outline might look something like this:

• Statement of thesis.
• Definition of American Indian in reservation context and reservation.
• Role of the agency and agent
• Power of government over daily reservation life.
• Intergenerational ties, social organization
• Family as resource
• Cooperative farming, work
• Ceremonial Life
• Types of work available; work and life rhythms

As you write your essay, try to stay true to your outline. One of the keys to a good essay is a tight organization. Every essay must have an introduction, a body, a conclusion. The introduction can be brief, but it must contain your thesis statement. All elements of the body must be tightly organized, logically connected, and relevant to the thesis statement.  The point of the body, of course, is to substantiate the thesis statement. The conclusion restates the thesis statement, now acknowledging the evidence put forth in the body of the essay, and suggests some of the broader implications of the argument.

To support your answer, you must present relevant evidence to substantiate your thesis. To say there is no one right answer does not mean that all answers are equally valid. You must back up your answer with evidence.

• Be concrete. A weak essay makes assertions and generalizations without producing specific, concrete examples to back them up. It is not enough, for example, to write: "Indians had a tough life." It is far better to write: "Indian agents complained about the inferiority and inadequacy of the average ration distributions that Indians received. Annuity payments, usually paid out twice per year, were far less than families needed to provide for their needs. In the case of the southern Plains tribes, the uncultivable reservation lands in western Indian territory and the low rainfall contributed to their inability to farm successfully, the major focus of the civilization program."
• Be selective. Do not go for quantity of evidence over quality. It is far better to find just the right example than to lard your essay up with a lot of irrelevant detail. Remember, you are constructing your argument, not writing an encyclopedia. Furthermore, be sure that the evidence you include is relevant to the general argument you are trying to make. For example, it would do no good to provide a lengthy description of battles between the U.S. Army and Indian tribes as a part of the above answer. Although you might mention military pressure as a contributor to tribal surrender to the reservation, a long discussion of Indian casualties would simply be a waste of time.
• Acknowledge ambiguity. Sometimes the evidence is ambiguous. For example, Hagan's book argues that Indian policy prior and during the reservation period was compromised by corrupted federal Indian agents and a lack of commitment of sufficient federal resources to permit Indian financial independence. He also discusses specific tribal leaders who profited from their relations with government officials. Recognize this ambiguity and then go on to make your case. "Although Hagan suggests that reservation Indians did not receive sufficient compensation and promised resources because of agents' corruption and government failure to keep its promises, he also acknowledges the ability of some tribal leaders to use their political positions with a view toward personal financial improvement."

The Conclusion

A strong conclusion is critical to the success of your essay. Your conclusions should reiterate the argument you first presented in the introduction and then developed in the body of the essay. Your conclusion should also indicate the broader significance of the argument you have presented and your appreciation of why this issue is something worth knowing about. For example, you might conclude our sample essay in one of the following ways. Notice that each leaves the reader with a different sense of the implications of the argument put forth in the body of the essay.

(a) "Despite oppressive conditions, reservation Indians found in generational bonds, community ties, ceremonial life, and unexpected work opportunities a way to mitigate the worst features of an impoverished reservation system. The fact that most found solace in kin and generational bonds, however, meant that Indian communities did not publicly challenge either the power of the federal government or the authorities that represented it locally. Family and community for reservation Indians in the last quarter of the 19th century might have offered a refuge from the difficulties of the reservation, but neither was a substitute for real, public power that might have challenged colonialism in its various manifestations."

(b) "Despite oppressive conditions, reservation Indians found in generational bonds, community ties, ceremonial life, and unexpected work opportunities a way to mitigate the worst features of an impoverished reservation system. Family and community life offered Indians a realm of autonomy in a world that granted them few avenues of agency and self-expression. Thus, while federal policy might assert control over Indian lives in a variety of ways, reservation people perpetuated a hidden culture, drawing strength, power and happiness from the basic satisfactions provided by home and a persistent tribal identity. Colonialism and the federal government had its power, but so too did the people who inhabited the reservation. One was controlling, manipulative, and paternalistic; the other personal, familial, and private. Both survived; both became part of the structure of Indian-white relations."

Either of these two conclusions could be drawn from the essay outlined above. Each puts a final interpretation upon the evidence and argument developed in the body of the essay; each is provocative and leaves the reader with the thought that here is a student who has thought deeply about the implications of what he or she has studied. And that, after all, is what an essay examination is trying to discover.

A final note of encouragement

Few of us will become a Hemingway or Angelou. The best that most of us can hope to achieve is competency in writing. The ability to write well is achievable through writing often, developing an inner critique of our own writing, discipline with our written expression. Writing well is not a mysterious gift given to only a few, but is attainable through engaging in the writing process often, revising ruthlessly, and scrutinizing our words to ensure that they accurately convey our meaning.

With thanks to Professor Melissa Stockdale, Department of History, University of Oklahoma.

AP United States History

Learn all about the course and exam. Already enrolled? Join your class in My AP.

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About the Exam

The AP U.S. History Exam will test your understanding of the historical concepts covered in the course units, as well as your ability to analyze primary and secondary sources and identify patterns and connections that can support a historical interpretation.

Fri, May 9, 2025

AP U.S. History Exam

This is the regularly scheduled date for the AP United States History Exam.

Exam Components

Section ia: multiple choice.

55 questions 55mins 40% of Score

The questions in the multiple-choice section come in sets of usually 3–4 questions based on the same stimulus. The questions will include one or more sources to respond to such as primary and secondary texts, images (for example, artwork, photos, posters, cartoons), charts, and maps.

You'll be asked to:

• Analyze the provided sources
• Analyze the historical developments and processes described in the sources

Section IB: Short Answer

3 questions 40mins 20% of Score

In the short-answer section, you’ll write answers to questions in your test booklet. Some questions include texts, images, graphs, or maps.

• Question 1 is required, includes 1–2 secondary sources, and focuses on historical developments or processes between the years 1754 and 1980.
• Question 2 is required, includes 1 primary source, and focuses on historical developments or processes between the years 1754 and 1980.
• You can choose between Question 3 (which focuses on historical developments or processes between the years 1491 and 1877) and Question 4 (which focuses on historical developments or processes between the years 1865 and 2001) for the last question. No sources are included for either Question 3 or Question 4.
• Analyze historical developments and processes described in the sources
• Put those historical developments and processes in context
• Make connections between those historical developments and processes

Section II: Free Response

2 questions 1hr 40mins 40% of Score

In the free-response section, you’ll write answers to questions in your test booklet. There are two questions: one document-based question and one long essay.

Document-Based Question Recommended time: 60 Minutes (includes 15-minute reading period) | 25% of Exam Score

The 60-minute recommended time for this section includes a 15-minute reading period.

• You’ll be presented with seven documents that give various perspectives on a historical development or process.
• You’ll be asked to develop and support an argument based on these documents and other evidence from your own knowledge.
• The topic of the document-based question will include historical developments or processes between the years 1754 and 1980.

Long Essay 1 Question | 40 Minutes | 15% of Exam Score

• You’ll have a choice of three questions; you’ll pick one to answer.
• Each tests the same skills and reasoning process (e.g., comparison, causation, or continuity and change) but the questions focus on historical developments and processes from different time periods (either the period from 1491 to 1800, from 1800 to 1898, or from 1890 to 2001).
• You’ll be asked to develop and support an argument based on evidence.

Exam Essentials

Exam preparation, ap classroom resources.

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Free-Response Questions and Scoring Information

Go to the Exam Questions and Scoring Information section on the AP United States History Exam page at AP Central to review the latest released free-response questions and scoring information.

Past Exam Free-Response Questions and Scoring Information  

Go to AP Central to review free-response questions and scoring information from past AP United States History exams. 

AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description

This is the core document for the course. It clearly lays out the course content and describes the exam and the AP Program in general.

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Credit and Placement

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AP World History: Modern Sample Long Essay Question

In the period 1850 to 2001, new technologies emerged that had significant social, political, and economic effects. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which changes in the spread of ideas/information before and after World War I impacted societies.

Step 1: Analyze the Prompt

As you choose which question you will answer, begin thinking about what your thesis will entail and how your essay will demonstrate a complex understanding. The notes of a sample high- scoring writer are below. Note that the writer plans to develop a complex argument by addressing not only changes, as required by the prompt, but also continuities in societies before and after World War I.

Thesis : changes: faster spread of ideas made news, politics, and war more immersive and fast-paced; continuity: cross-cultural interactions transform all cultures (complex understanding, historical skill)

Step 2: Plan Your Response

• Context : Gutenberg → 2nd industrial revolution (steamship, train, telegraph) → digital revolution (radio, TV, Internet)
• Thesis : changes: faster spread of ideas made news, politics, and war more immersive and fast-paced; continuity: cross-cultural interactions transform all cultures ( complex understanding, historical skill )
• Evidence : War of 1812 versus WWII, Vietnam, Gulf War
• Evidence : American Revolution versus Cold War
• Evidence : language: Arab traders & Swahili, and modern business & English
• ¶ conclusion: impacts of tech on society have become more pervasive, though tendency towards cross-cultural influence has persisted

Step 3: Action! Write Your Response & Step 4: Proofread

Sample high-scoring response.

A key change between these eras of communication is how the speed of ideas’ dissemination impacts their force of impact and makes news more pervasive in civilians’ lives. In the distant past, the slow rate of communication caused reactions that were often months, or even years, after the initial communication. For instance, the final battle of the War of 1812 was fought after the signing of the war’s peace treaty because news had not yet traveled by ship across the Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, the peace treaties of WWII were celebrated in cities around the world mere minutes after news of their signing was shared by telegram and radio signals. The quick spread of images and video from the Vietnam conflict helped intensify Americans’ resistance to the war. In recent decades, 24-hour live coverage of conflicts, as in CNN’s being the first to provide constant coverage of a war during the Gulf War, allowed policy- makers and civilians to respond instantly to developments. As news became quicker, so its impact became more significant and more immediate.

Another change is that the quick and pervasive spread of ideas has made political conflicts more ideological and propaganda-based, further drawing societies into global disputes. Political rebellions of the eighteenth century, such as the American and French Revolutions, were based on Enlightenment ideals such as equality and representative government; they made use of propaganda in the form of printed political cartoons, tracts, and engravings to spread their ideals among the populace. However, the news communication made possible by radio and television after World War II helped propel the ideological conflict between the communist Soviet Union and the democratic United States into a worldwide phenomenon that intensely impacted both nations’ citizens. Technology was able to so effectively spread this war of ideas that the two major superpowers never engaged in direct battle themselves; still, citizens were drawn into a culture of propaganda that demonized the other side, made bomb shelters and bomb drills a part of daily life due to fear of nuclear warfare, and saw governments pour millions of dollars into the space race. Technology thus made it possible for conflicts to become all-immersive, even if they were based on ideas rather than physical confrontations.

Despite changes in communication, constants about its impacts remain. Cross- cultural communications still transform societies as they borrow and adapt ideas from others. For instance, from the eighth century onward, Arab traders who traveled throughout West Africa and along the eastern and northern coasts not only enriched communities economically but also spread Islam. Further, the necessity for communication among traders led to the rise of Swahili, a language that combined Arabic and African words and is still the lingua franca in much of East Africa today. Similarly, in modern times, as Britain and then the United States dominated world trade, English became a kind of worldwide lingua franca of modern business. Just as Arab traders spread their religion, American culture also diffused to other societies: almost every nation in modern times, for instance, built American-style fast food restaurants. Mirroring the trends related to the spread of news and politics, cultural diffusions in recent decades occurred at a faster rate and to a more pervasive extent than in the past. Whereas primarily traders would have adopted Swahili as it developed over generations, today English is taught in grade schools throughout the world.

Cultures that interact always influence each other. In the past century, how- ideas travel at a faster pace. As they have in ever, technology has made the impact of this spread of ideas more pervasive and significant as news and political the past, societies will continue to transform as they encounter ideas from other cultures, but with this increased intensity of communication, the impacts of ideas will continue to escalate.

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The Ultimate Guide to Acing the AP U.S. History Exam

By Eric Eng

Are you ready to embark on a journey through the tapestry of American history ? Whether you’re fascinated by the Founding Fathers, intrigued by the tumultuous eras of change, or just curious about how the U.S. became the powerhouse it is today, you’re in for an exciting ride. In this blog, we’re not just talking about passing the AP U.S. History Exam – we’re talking about acing it! Buckle up for a guide that goes beyond dates and facts, diving into the strategies, insights, and expert tips that will elevate your understanding of history and set you on the path to exam success.

From mastering document analysis to crafting impeccable essays, we’ve got your back. So, grab your time-traveling hat (figuratively, of course), and let’s dive into the world of AP U.S. History. Success awaits, and we’re here to guide you every step of the way!

What is the AP U.S. History Exam?

The AP U.S. History Exam is a rigorous assessment administered by the College Board . It is designed to evaluate students’ understanding of the history and development of the United States, from pre-Columbian times to the present day. This exam not only tests your knowledge of key events and individuals but also assesses your ability to analyze primary and secondary sources, evaluate historical evidence, and make connections between different periods.

When preparing for the AP U.S. History Exam, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the major themes and concepts that have shaped the nation’s history. These themes include political and diplomatic history, social and cultural history, economic history, and intellectual and cultural history. By exploring these dimensions, students gain a holistic view of American history and are better equipped to answer the exam’s challenging questions.

One of the critical aspects of the AP U.S. History Exam is the analysis of primary and secondary sources. Students must critically examine documents, speeches, letters, and other historical artifacts to extract valuable information and insights. This skill not only helps students develop a deeper understanding of historical events but also enables them to construct well-supported arguments in their essays.

Furthermore, the exam requires students to make connections between different periods in American history. By identifying patterns, trends, and cause-and-effect relationships, students can demonstrate their ability to think critically and analyze historical developments over time. This skill is crucial in understanding how events in the past have shaped the present and can provide valuable insights into potential future outcomes.

Preparing for the AP U.S. History Exam involves a combination of studying key concepts, practicing analysis of primary and secondary sources, and honing critical thinking skills. It is essential to engage with various historical texts, including textbooks, scholarly articles, and primary sources, to develop a well-rounded understanding of the subject matter.

Ultimately, the AP U.S. History Exam is not only a test of factual knowledge but also a measure of a student’s ability to think critically, analyze historical evidence, and make connections. By approaching the exam with a comprehensive and analytical mindset, students can excel and gain a deeper appreciation for the rich and complex history of the United States.

What is on the AP U.S. History Exam?

The AP U.S. History Exam is a comprehensive assessment that evaluates students’ understanding of the history of the United States from its early colonization to the present day. It consists of two main sections: a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. Let’s delve deeper into each of these sections to gain a better understanding of what is covered on the exam.

The Multiple-Choice Section

The multiple-choice section of the AP U.S. History Exam is designed to test your knowledge of historical facts, concepts, and interpretations. This section includes 55 questions that cover a wide range of topics, including political, social, economic, and cultural aspects of American history. The questions are presented in a format where you are given a statement or a question, followed by four possible answer choices. Your task is to select the most accurate and appropriate response.

These multiple-choice questions require you to not only recall specific information but also analyze and interpret historical events and developments. You must demonstrate your ability to identify cause-and-effect relationships, evaluate primary and secondary sources, and make connections between different historical periods and themes. The questions may also require you to compare and contrast different perspectives or analyze the significance of specific events or individuals in shaping American history.

Tackling the Multiple-Choice Section

To tackle the Multiple-Choice Section of the AP U.S. History Exam, follow these strategies:

• Break down the information by time periods : Familiarize yourself with the cultural history and key events of each time period to help you answer questions related to those periods more efficiently .
• Practice before the exam : Look up AP U.S. History practice questions to get used to the different types of content and phrasing that appear on the exam .
• Read the excerpts all the way through : Don’t skim or skip any parts of the excerpt, as it may contain important information for the question .
• Skip the stimuli and read the question : Determine what the question is asking and why you are reading the document before diving into the excerpt .
• Eliminate incorrect answers : Identify and eliminate incorrect answer choices as soon as possible to increase your chances of selecting the correct answer .
• Know the minutiae of the material : Ensure you thoroughly understand the small details and specific information related to the topics covered in the exam .
• Pace yourself : Keep an eye on the time and ensure you have completed at least half the items after 25 minutes .
• Read the answer choices : After reading the question, read the answers to see if any can be eliminated or if any stand out as the correct answer .
• Use historical context and point of view : Consider the time period, author, and historical context when reading the documents and answering the questions .

The Free-Response Section

The free-response section of the AP U.S. History Exam challenges you to construct well-organized essays in response to prompts that measure your historical thinking skills. This section consists of two parts: a document-based question (DBQ) and two standard essay questions.

The DBQ prompt presents historical documents, such as letters, speeches, photographs, and a specific question or task. You must analyze these documents and use them as evidence to support your argument in an essay. This task assesses your ability to analyze primary sources, evaluate their reliability and bias, and construct a coherent and persuasive argument based on the evidence provided.

The two standard essay questions in the free-response section allow you to demonstrate your knowledge of broader historical themes and concepts. These prompts typically ask you to analyze a historical issue or development and provide a well-supported argument or analysis. You must draw upon your knowledge of historical events, individuals, and trends to construct a thoughtful and cohesive response.

Overall, the AP U.S. History Exam is a rigorous assessment that requires a deep understanding of American history and the ability to think critically and analytically. By covering a wide range of topics and skills, the exam aims to evaluate your readiness for college-level history courses and provide colleges and universities with a standardized measure of your historical knowledge and skills.

Tackling the Free-Response Section

To tackle the Free-Response Section of the AP U.S. History Exam, you can follow the strategies below:

• Master the rubrics : Understand the rubrics for the Short Answer Questions (SAQ), Document-Based Questions (DBQ), and Long Essay Questions (LEQ). Focus on how and when points are awarded and not rewarded .
• Focus on chronology, time periods, and course themes : This will help you write within the scope of the time period given in each question and avoid losing points by incorporating something outside of the time period being asked .
• Review commonly tested AP U.S. History topics : Review the curriculum and exam description to see the percentage breakdown of different units. Units 3 through 8 are always more important for the exam .
• Understand the question : Pay attention to each question’s wording and ensure you understand what is being asked before crafting your response .
• Plan your response : Take the time to plan your essay. Read the question, make notes, and write an outline before responding .
• Use evidence : Provide detailed evidence to support your thesis. Remember people, events, dates, and facts, and use them to strengthen your essay .
• Pace yourself : Allocate your time wisely. For example, the DBQ has a 60-minute time limit, including a 15-minute reading period, so manage your time effectively .

Here are some sample questions from previous exams that should give you an idea of what to expect in the exam:

How long is the AP U.S. History Exam?

The AP U.S. History Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long. It comprises two sections: a multiple-choice/short-answer section and a free-response section. The multiple-choice section has 55 questions and lasts 55 minutes, the short answer section has 4 questions and lasts 50 minutes, the document-based question lasts 60 minutes (including a 15-minute reading period), and the long essay question lasts 40 minutes. The exam tests students’ understanding of historical concepts and ability to analyze primary and secondary sources.

Format of the AP U.S. History Exam

The AP U.S. History exam is a comprehensive assessment that evaluates students’ understanding of American history. It is a rigorous test that requires critical thinking, analytical skills, and a deep knowledge of historical events. Let’s dive into the format of this challenging exam.

Part A of the free-response section requires you to answer a document-based question (DBQ). This task involves analyzing historical documents and constructing an essay based on them. You must carefully examine each document, identify its main arguments or perspectives, and incorporate them into your essay. This exam assesses your ability to synthesize information from various sources and construct a well-supported argument.

Part B of the free-response section consists of two essay questions. One of these questions is an extended essay where you can demonstrate your in-depth knowledge of a particular topic. This essay prompt will require you to provide a detailed analysis, supported by evidence, and showcase your ability to craft a well-structured and coherent argument. The other essay question may ask you to compare and contrast different historical periods, events, or themes.

Preparing for the AP U.S. History exam requires diligent studying and practice. It is essential to review vital historical concepts, read primary and secondary sources, and familiarize yourself with different historical perspectives. Additionally, practicing timed multiple-choice questions and writing practice essays under exam-like conditions can help you build the necessary skills and confidence to excel on the exam.

Remember, the AP U.S. History exam is not just about memorizing facts and dates; it is about understanding the complexities of American history and being able to analyze and interpret historical evidence. So, embrace the challenge, immerse yourself in the fascinating stories of the past, and strive to become a knowledgeable and critical thinker of U.S. history.

AP U.S. History Exam Scoring Breakdown

Your AP U.S. History Exam performance is graded on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest score. The multiple-choice section accounts for 50% of your total score, while the free-response section makes up the other 50%. To earn a high score, it is essential to demonstrate both factual knowledge and strong analytical skills.

The multiple-choice section of the AP U.S. History Exam consists of 55 questions, which you will have 55 minutes to complete. This section assesses your ability to analyze and interpret primary and secondary sources, as well as your understanding of historical events, concepts, and themes. It requires you to apply critical thinking skills to answer questions that range from straightforward recall to more complex analysis and synthesis.

When approaching the multiple-choice section, reading each question carefully and considering all possible answer choices before selecting is crucial. Some questions may require you to identify the best answer, while others may ask you to analyze a given passage or image. Pay attention to the context and historical significance of the information provided to choose the most accurate response.

The free-response section of the AP U.S. History Exam consists of two essay questions, which you will have 100 minutes to complete. This section assesses your ability to construct well-organized and coherent arguments supported by historical evidence. It requires you to analyze primary and secondary sources, develop a thesis, and provide specific examples to support your claims.

When approaching the free-response section, it is essential to carefully read each question and develop a clear and concise thesis statement. Your thesis should address all parts of the prompt and provide a roadmap for your essay. It is essential to support your arguments with relevant historical evidence, such as specific events, documents, or individuals, and to explain the significance of your examples in relation to the question.

In addition to factual knowledge and analytical skills, the AP U.S. History Exam also assesses your ability to communicate your ideas in writing effectively. It is essential to use proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation, as well as to organize your thoughts in a logical and coherent manner. Clear and concise writing will help you convey your understanding of historical concepts and make your arguments more persuasive.

Overall, earning a high score on the AP U.S. History Exam requires a combination of content knowledge, critical thinking skills, and effective communication. By thoroughly preparing for the multiple-choice and free-response sections and practicing your analytical and writing skills, you can increase your chances of achieving a successful outcome on the exam.

Topics Covered in the AP U.S. History Exam

The AP U.S. History Exam is a comprehensive assessment that evaluates students’ knowledge and understanding of the nation’s history. This exam covers a wide range of topics, providing a thorough examination of the key events, individuals, and historical trends that have shaped the United States.

Guided by the Understanding by Design® (Wiggins and McTighe) model, this course framework outlines the essential components needed for student success.

The structure of the AP U.S. History framework encompasses nine frequently taught units of study, presenting a suggested sequence for the course. However, as always, you retain the flexibility to arrange the course content in a manner that suits your preferences.

The AP U.S. History framework, detailed in the course and exam description, delineates specific skills students are encouraged to cultivate throughout the year. These skills aim to foster the development of a historian’s mindset, helping students learn how to think and act like historians.

One of the significant areas of focus on the AP U.S. History Exam is Native American civilizations. This topic delves into the rich and diverse cultures long before European settlers arrived on American soil. From the advanced agricultural practices of the Native American tribes in the Southwest to the complex political systems of the Iroquois Confederacy in the Northeast, understanding the contributions and experiences of Native Americans is crucial to comprehend the nation’s history.

Another pivotal period covered in the exam is the American Revolution. This topic explores the causes and consequences of the Revolutionary War, highlighting the ideological and political factors that led to the birth of a new nation. Students will delve into the debates surrounding the Declaration of Independence, the military strategies employed by the American colonists and the British forces, and the impact of the Revolution on various social groups.

The Civil War is also a significant focus of the AP U.S. History Exam. This topic examines the causes and consequences of the deadliest conflict in American history. Students will analyze the political, economic, and social factors that led to the outbreak of the war, as well as the military strategies employed by the Union and Confederate forces. The exam will also explore the impact of the Civil War on the lives of African Americans, women, and other marginalized groups.

The Great Depression is another crucial topic covered in the exam. Students will study the causes and effects of the economic crisis that gripped the nation in the 1930s. They will examine the stock market crash of 1929, the Dust Bowl, and the New Deal policies implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the devastating effects of the Depression. Understanding the economic, social, and political ramifications of this period is essential to grasping the challenges faced by Americans during this time.

Lastly, the Civil Rights Movement is a prominent topic on the AP U.S. History Exam. This topic explores the struggle for racial equality and justice in the United States. Students will study key figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X, as well as pivotal events like the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington. Understanding the goals, strategies, and achievements of the Civil Rights Movement is crucial to comprehending the ongoing struggle for equality in America.

Overall, the AP U.S. History Exam covers a vast array of topics that are essential to understanding the nation’s history. From the rich cultures of Native American civilizations to the transformative events of the American Revolution, the Civil War, the Great Depression, and the Civil Rights Movement, this exam provides students with a comprehensive exploration of the United States’ past. By studying these topics in depth, students will gain a profound understanding of the nation’s history and its enduring impact on society.

Why is the AP U.S. History Exam important?

The AP U.S. History Exam is not only an opportunity to showcase your knowledge and skills in U.S. history but also a valuable asset for college admissions. By earning a high score on this exam, you can earn college credits, which may allow you to drop out of introductory history courses or even fulfill general education requirements.

Studying for the AP U.S. History Exam can be a challenging yet rewarding experience. It requires a deep understanding of the nation’s history, from its early beginnings to the present day. Through rigorous preparation, you will delve into the complexities of the American Revolution, the Civil War, the Great Depression, and other pivotal moments that have shaped the nation’s identity.

One of the key benefits of taking the AP U.S. History Exam is the opportunity to develop critical thinking and analytical skills. You will learn to evaluate evidence, identify bias, and construct well-supported arguments by analyzing primary and secondary sources. These skills are not only essential for success on the exam but also for future academic pursuits and professional endeavors.

Moreover, the AP U.S. History Exam allows you to engage with diverse perspectives and narratives. It encourages you to explore the experiences of marginalized groups, such as African Americans, Native Americans, women, and immigrants, whose stories are often overlooked in traditional history textbooks. By broadening your understanding of the past, you will gain a more comprehensive and inclusive perspective on American history.

Additionally, the AP U.S. History Exam provides an opportunity for self-reflection and personal growth. As you study the nation’s triumphs and struggles, you will inevitably confront complex ethical questions and grapple with the implications of historical events. This introspection can foster empathy, compassion, and a deeper appreciation for the complexities of the human experience.

Furthermore, excelling on the AP U.S. History Exam can open doors to prestigious colleges and universities. Admissions officers recognize the rigor of the AP curriculum and value students who have demonstrated their ability to excel in a challenging academic environment. A strong performance on the exam can strengthen your college application and increase your chances of admission to your dream school.

Lastly, the AP U.S. History Exam is not just about memorizing facts and dates. It is about understanding the broader themes and concepts that have shaped the nation’s history. By exploring the causes and consequences of historical events, you will gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of the past and its relevance to the present. This knowledge will not only serve you well on the exam but also empower you to be an informed and engaged citizen.

How hard is the AP U.S. History Exam?

The AP U.S. History Exam is widely considered one of the most challenging AP exams due to its breadth of content and the complex analytical skills it requires. However, with proper preparation and effective study strategies, it is possible to succeed and earn a high score.

What factors affect the difficulty of the AP U.S. History Exam?

The difficulty of the AP U.S. History Exam can be influenced by several factors. Understanding these factors can help students prepare effectively and navigate the exam more successfully:

• The breadth and depth of historical content covered in the exam can affect its difficulty. The more extensive the material, especially detailed events, concepts, and historical figures, the more challenging the exam may be.
• The exam often requires students to apply historical thinking skills, such as analyzing primary and secondary sources, interpreting historical events, and making connections between different periods. The complexity of these skills can impact difficulty.
• Document-based questions (DBQs) are a significant component of the exam. The difficulty depends on the complexity of the documents provided and the level of analysis required to respond effectively.
• The essay prompts assess students’ ability to construct well-argued and evidence-based responses. The difficulty can be influenced by the nature of the prompts and the depth of analysis expected.
• In a given exam, the emphasis on specific historical themes, such as politics, culture, social structures, and economics, can affect its difficulty. A balanced representation of these themes contributes to a comprehensive and challenging test.
• The AP U.S. History Exam has time constraints for each section. The pressure to manage time effectively, especially during the DBQ and free-response sections, can impact the perceived difficulty.
• The effectiveness of the student’s preparation throughout the course plays a crucial role. A well-structured and comprehensive AP U.S. History course can better equip students to handle the exam’s challenges.
• The quality of instruction teachers provide throughout the academic year influences how well students grasp and retain historical concepts. Effective teaching methods contribute to better exam preparedness.
• Exam questions may delve into historical controversies and debates. The complexity of these topics can add an additional layer of difficulty as students navigate nuanced perspectives.
• Strong reading and analytical skills are essential for success. The difficulty of the exam may be influenced by the level of reading comprehension required and the complexity of the analytical tasks.
• Familiarity with effective test-taking strategies, such as time management, question prioritization, and essay organization, can impact a student’s ability to navigate the exam successfully.
• Changes in Exam Format:
• Any changes in the exam format or question types can introduce an element of unpredictability, potentially affecting how well students perform.

Understanding and incorporating these factors into the preparation strategy can help students approach the AP U.S. History Exam more confidently and quickly.

Who should take the AP U.S. History Exam?

The AP U.S. History Exam is designed for high school students who have completed or are currently enrolled in an Advanced Placement (AP) U.S. History course. Typically, students take this exam at the end of the course as a culminating assessment. It is especially suitable for students interested in:

• Students passionate about history, political science, sociology, and related fields often find the AP U.S. History Exam engaging and relevant.
• The exam is known for its challenging content and analytical components. Students seeking a rigorous academic challenge and the opportunity to earn college credit may opt for this exam.
• Many colleges and universities recognize the AP U.S. History Exam and may grant college credit for high scores. Students aiming for admission to competitive colleges often take AP exams to showcase their academic prowess.
• Students considering a major or career in history or related fields may find the AP U.S. History Exam beneficial for building foundational knowledge and demonstrating their interest in the subject.
• The exam assesses factual knowledge, critical thinking, and analytical skills. Students who enjoy analyzing historical events, understanding cause-and-effect relationships, and interpreting primary and secondary sources may excel in this exam.
• The exam covers various American history, culture, society, and government topics. Students with a genuine interest in understanding the development of the United States may find the exam compelling.
• The AP U.S. History Exam encourages a deep exploration of historical events, themes, and perspectives. Naturally curious students who enjoy delving into the complexities of the past may find the exam intellectually stimulating.
• Students Seeking College Credit:
• Many colleges and universities offer credit or advanced placement for high AP U.S. History Exam scores. Students looking to accelerate their college studies or fulfill history-related prerequisites may choose to take the exam.

While the AP U.S. History Exam is open to a broad range of students, it’s essential for individuals to consider their personal interests, academic strengths, and future goals when deciding to take the exam. Students should also consult with their teachers or academic advisors to ensure the exam aligns with their educational objectives.

Do colleges care about the AP U.S. History Exam?

Yes, many colleges and universities care about the AP U.S. History Exam, and performance on the exam can have a positive impact on college admissions. Here are several reasons why colleges value the AP U.S. History Exam:

• A high score on the AP U.S. History Exam may allow students to earn college credit or advanced placement in history-related courses. This can potentially reduce the number of required courses in college and provide flexibility in selecting advanced coursework.
• Success on AP exams, including AP U.S. History, demonstrates a student’s willingness to tackle challenging academic coursework. Colleges often look favorably upon applicants who have engaged in rigorous academic programs.
• The content and structure of the AP U.S. History Exam are designed to mirror introductory college-level history courses. Excelling in this exam suggests that a student is well-prepared for the demands of college-level work.
• Colleges appreciate subject-specific proficiency, and a strong performance on the AP U.S. History Exam signals a student’s depth of knowledge in American history . This can be particularly relevant for students considering majors or careers in history, political science, or related fields.
• With many college applicants presenting strong academic records, success on AP exams can help students stand out in the admissions process. It serves as an additional data point that demonstrates academic prowess.
• Many colleges use AP exam scores as a factor in determining course placements. A student who performs well on the AP U.S. History Exam may be eligible for advanced placement in related college courses.
• The analytical and critical thinking skills developed through AP U.S. History coursework and exam preparation can enhance students’ ability to articulate their thoughts in college essays and interviews.
• Interest in Academic Exploration:
• Taking challenging courses and exams like AP U.S. History signals to colleges that students have a genuine interest in academic exploration and a commitment to learning beyond basic requirements.

While success on the AP U.S. History Exam is one factor in the holistic college admissions process, it’s important to note that different colleges have varying policies regarding AP credit and how they consider AP exam scores in admissions. Students are advised to research the specific policies of the colleges to which they plan to apply.

How to register for the AP U.S. History Exam

To register for the AP U.S. History Exam, follow these general steps:

• Typically, students take the AP U.S. History Exam after completing or while enrolled in an AP U.S. History course at their high school. Talk to your school counselor or AP coordinator to ensure you are enrolled in the appropriate course.
• The school’s AP coordinator is responsible for organizing AP exams. Obtain the contact information for your school’s AP coordinator from your school’s counseling office.
• If you don’t have one already, create an account on the College Board website (collegeboard.org). If you have an account, log in. This account is where you will register for the exam, view scores, and access other College Board resources.
• Your AP teacher will provide you with a unique join code for your AP class section. Log in to your College Board account, navigate to the “My AP” section, and join your class using the join code provided by your teacher.
• Familiarize yourself with the AP Exam schedule, including the date and time of the AP U.S. History Exam. This information is available on the College Board website.
• Some schools cover the cost of AP exams, while others may require students to pay a fee. Check with your school’s AP coordinator regarding the exam fee payment process. Fee reduction or financial assistance may be available for eligible students.
• Log in to your College Board account, navigate to the “My AP” section, and complete the exam registration process. Ensure that you provide accurate information and review your registration details before submitting.
• After successfully registering, print or save the confirmation page for your records. This page includes important information such as your exam confirmation number.
• As the exam date approaches, review the AP U.S. History Exam format, content, and any additional resources provided by your teacher. Be sure to know the location and time of your exam.
• Attend the Pre-Exam Session:
• Your school may conduct a pre-exam session to provide important information and guidelines for exam day. Attend this session to ensure you are well-prepared.

Remember that specific procedures may vary by school, so it’s crucial to communicate with your AP coordinator and follow the guidelines provided by your school. Additionally, make sure to register for the exam by the deadline set by your school and the College Board.

How to study for the AP U.S. History Exam

Studying for the AP U.S. History Exam requires a strategic and comprehensive approach. Here’s a guide to help you prepare effectively:

1. Understand the Exam Format:

• Familiarize yourself with the structure of the exam. Understand the types of questions (multiple-choice, short answer, document-based question, and long essay) and their respective weights in the overall score.

2. Create a Study Schedule:

• Develop a study plan that spans several weeks or months before the exam. Allocate specific time slots for different content areas and question types. Consistent, spaced-out studying is more effective than cramming.

3. Use Reliable Study Resources:

• Utilize reputable study materials such as review books, textbooks, and online resources. The College Board’s AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description is a valuable resource that outlines the content and skills required for the exam.

4. Attend Review Sessions:

• Take advantage of any review sessions or study groups organized by your teacher or school. Collaborating with peers can provide different perspectives and insights.

5. Review Class Notes and Textbooks:

• Revisit your class notes and textbooks regularly. Pay special attention to key concepts, events, and historical figures. Create or update your own study guide summarizing important information.

6. Practice Document Analysis:

• Since the exam includes a document-based question (DBQ), practice analyzing historical documents. Understand how to extract relevant information and incorporate it into your responses.

7. Practice Writing Essays:

• Work on your essay-writing skills. Practice responding to both long essay and short answer prompts. Focus on constructing clear, concise, and well-supported arguments within the time constraints.

8. Use Flashcards:

• Create flashcards for key terms, dates, and concepts. Regularly review these flashcards to reinforce your memory.

9. Take Practice Exams:

• Complete full-length practice exams under timed conditions. This helps simulate the exam environment and improves your time management skills.

Tips on the day of the exam

On the day of the AP U.S. History Exam, it is crucial to be well-rested and mentally prepared. Start your day with a nutritious breakfast to fuel your brain. Arrive at the exam location early to avoid any unnecessary stress.

When taking the multiple-choice section, read each question carefully and consider all possible answer choices before making your selection. Pace yourself to ensure you can complete the entire section within the allocated time. For the free-response section, carefully read and analyze each prompt before planning and writing your essay responses. Keep an eye on the time to allocate sufficient minutes to each question.

When is the AP U.S. History Exam in 2024?

For a complete list of the 2024 AP Exam dates, here’s a full list:

When do AP scores come out?

AP scores are typically released in early to mid-July of the year the exams were taken. The exact release date may vary slightly from year to year, but students who took their AP exams in May can generally expect their scores to become available.

You can check for updates on the College Board’s official AP scores website if you are waiting for your AP scores. They will also email you when your scores are added to your score report. If you haven’t received your scores by mid-August, contacting AP Services for Students is recommended for assistance.

Post-exam tips

After completing the AP U.S. History Exam, take some time to reflect on your performance. Identify your strengths and areas for improvement. Reflecting on your mistakes can help you learn from them and enhance your study strategies for future exams.

Review your essays to identify potential errors or areas where you could have provided more effective analysis. Consider seeking feedback from your teacher or a knowledgeable peer to gain valuable insights. Finally, use your exam experience as motivation to continue learning and exploring the rich history of the United States.

By following these tips and dedicating time and effort to your preparations, you can confidently approach the AP U.S. History Exam and maximize your chances of acing it. Good luck!

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The Ultimate AP US History Study Guide

Advanced Placement (AP)

Studying for the AP US History course is an exercise in memorization and critical thinking. Multiple-choice questions ask you to read and analyze documents based on your historical knowledge. Essay questions require similar skills but with the added challenge of synthesizing your ideas into a coherent argument that incorporates both outside knowledge and evidence given to you.

In this comprehensive AP US History study guide, we will provide all the resources and strategies you need to prepare for the AP exam and any other test that comes your way in this course !

What's the Purpose of This AP US History Study Guide?

This guide will help you prepare for the AP US History test and other assessments you encounter throughout the school year in your AP US History class. It includes instructions for creating an effective study plan, a few helpful study tips, an overview of the content covered in the AP course, and a list of resources for practice questions.

This article is a one-stop-shop for all the information you need to master the AP US History curriculum.

Creating a Study Plan for AP US History: 5-Step Guide

You should start studying sooner rather than later for the AP US History exam because there's s o much information to remember. Ideally, you'll build on knowledge throughout the year and regularly review to avoid forgetting earlier parts of the course.

We recommend doing a holistic review after each in-class test that covers everything you've learned up to that point. You can then begin your final review for the AP test in March or April, which will give you an  entire month or two to spread out your studying.

Below are the steps we recommend following to prep for the AP US History test. The whole process should take you about 11 hours and 30 minutes .

Step 1: Take a Full-Length Practice Test

Time: 3 hours 15 minutes

The first step is to take a full, official AP US History practice test under realistic conditions. Time yourself in accordance with the actual test and write out both essays (DBQ and Long Essay) completely. Mark any multiple-choice questions you had to guess on—it's crucial to go over this information later even if you happen to guess correctly.

When you're done, score your practice test to see how well you would do on the real AP exam if you were to take it right now.

Depending on how much you're hoping to improve your AP US History test score, you might have to budget for more or less study time. If you're already scoring close to 5 (or a low 5), you might complete these steps once and find that you're satisfied with your results.

If you're scoring 2 or more points lower than you'd like, plan on going through this process several times.

Step 2: Catalog Your Mistakes and Guesses

Time: 1 hour

After you score your practice AP US History test, go through your mistakes and lucky guesses. Try to categorize the mistakes by content area so you can look for patterns and determine which parts of the course you need to study the most.

Once you've identified what you need to learn, move on to reviewing the actual content. Make a list in descending order of the topics that correspond to the highest number of missed multiple-choice questions and missed points on short-answer and free-response questions.

Step 3: Study Relevant Content Areas and Practice Multiple-Choice Questions

Time: 2 hours

Use the list you made in the previous step to guide your review of the AP US History content. Start with the areas for which you need a little refresher, and work your way up to the big issues you had on the diagnostic test .

When you're satisfied that you've fixed the gaps in knowledge that led to your errors, you should do some practice APUSH multiple-choice questions to make sure you really know your stuff (you can find them in review books or on one of the sites listed later in this article).

Step 4: Practice Planning and Writing Essays

You'll need to practice writing essays before taking the AP US History test so you feel comfortable with the time constraints and requirements. This is especially true for the Document-Based Question , which has a unique format.

After examining the problems with your essays from the original diagnostic test, practice your skills on additional free-response questions . For the sake of saving time, you don't necessarily need to write out entire essays, but you should at least make rough outlines that include all the components of a successful essay .

If you struggled a lot with time on your initial AP practice test, then we'd recommend going through another timed free-response section in full, so you can practice moving more quickly.

Step 5: Take a Second Full Practice Test

Once you've gotten more familiar with the APUSH material, take a second full AP practice test to assess your progress . If you find that you've improved to a satisfactory level, you might stop there and just do some light review until the exam.

If you're still not happy with your results, repeat this process , and make sure that you're really absorbing the material as you study.

3 Essential AP US History Study Tips

The following tips for AP US History will help you make the most of your time as you work your way through the process outlined above. The APUSH exam assesses your historical knowledge differently than other tests you might have taken in the past do. Make sure your study methods lend themselves to the format!

#1: Make Thematic Connections

The ultimate goal of AP US History is for you to be able to connect individual events to the main themes of the course and draw conclusions about historical trends based on your analysis.

As you study, don't just look at events in isolation— e xamine how they relate to other events of the time and how they might've resulted from different cultural and political attitudes . What were the outcomes of particular events, and how and why did they feed into other, larger trends?

Ask yourself to dig deeper. Doing so help you on both in-class assessments and the AP test.

#2: Read and Repeat

When you read content notes for AP US History, you might think you have a fact committed to memory but forget it when it appears on a test. The best way to combat this is to pause every couple of minutes and try to remember the facts that you just reviewed without looking back at your notes ; you'll immediately know whether you're absorbing the information or not.

If you're having trouble remembering a particular fact, try to make a distinctive connection with something else that's easier to remember.

For example, say you were trying to remember which items were taxed by the Townshend Acts. (It was glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea.) You could think of the mnemonic GuLPP iT to remember them. It also makes sense because all the taxes were repealed except for the one on tea, which you can gulp!

Maybe this sounds super weird, but we often find that the weirder the method of remembering something is, the more likely it will stick in your mind .

#3: Practice Writing Essay Questions

The free-response section is the biggest challenge on the AP US History exam because you have to plan and write two coherent essays (one DBQ and one Long Essay) in less than two hours. It's imperative that you do lots of practice before the AP test to prevent your essays from being disorganized or lacking in focus. You can consult the College Board site for links to past AP US History free-response questions .

Make sure you always have a strong thesis statement and all the points in your essay relate directly back to it. Plan out your essay before you start writing to keep yourself on track.

You should also t ry to include relevant outside knowledge but only if it pertains directly to your argument and the question itself. Don't just spew out everything you know about the topic!

AP US History Course Content: Themes and Units

AP US History covers history in what is now the United States from 1491 to the present. There are eight main themes in the course separated into nine units, or time periods. For each of these themes, we'll go over the main historical topics associated with it.

Before that, though, here's a quick overview of the AP US History units and what percentage of the AP exam they each make up:

Source: 2019-20 AP US History Course and Exam Description

Theme 1: American and National Identity

Focuses on how and why definitions of American and national identity and values have developed among the diverse and changing population of North America as well as on related topics, such as citizenship, constitutionalism, foreign policy, assimilation, and American exceptionalism.

Theme 2: Work, Exchange, and Technology

Focuses on the factors behind the development of systems of economic exchange, particularly the role of technology, economic markets, and government.

Theme 3: Geography and the Environment

Focuses on the role of geography and both the natural and human-made environments in the social and political developments in what would become the United States.

Theme 4: Migration and Settlement

Focuses on why and how the various people who moved to and within the United States both adapted to and transformed their new social and physical environments.

Theme 5: Politics and Power

Focuses on how different social and political groups have influenced society and government in the United States and how political beliefs and institutions have changed over time.

Theme 6: America in the World

Focuses on the interactions between nations that affected North American history in the colonial period and on the influence of the United States on world affairs.

Theme 7: American and Regional Culture

Focuses on the how and why national, regional, and group cultures developed and changed as well as how culture has shaped government policy and the economy.

Theme 8: Social Structures

Focuses on how and why systems of social organization develop and change as well as the impact that these systems have on the broader society.

AP US History Content: Notes and Outlines

In this section, we'll give you notes on the AP US History course content so you can study the facts and connect them to the themes above.

The content is divided into nine units and historical periods. Under each time period, we'll list important topics with links to notes you can use. Every period also includes a link to at least one timeline of significant events. It's helpful to have these handy, so you get a better grasp of the chronology (which will be very helpful for free-response questions).

The timelines are from AP Study Notes , while the rest of the notes are from a different site called APnotes.net , which gives a more succinct overview of the content, with key dates and major events in bold. Overall, this resource is great for a quick review.

We recommend looking at the chapter outlines on AP Study Notes  to see a longer, more detailed description of historical trends and events in the United States.

Period 1: 1491-1607

• Timeline of Significant Events (1650 and earlier)
• "New World" beginnings
• Early English settlement

Period 2: 1607-1754

• Timeline of Significant Events (1650-1750)
• Settlement of the Northern colonies
• American life in the 17th century
• Colonial society leading up to the Revolution
• The fight for control of North America

Period 3: 1754-1800

• Timeline of Significant Events (1750-1775)
• The road to the American Revolution
• Timeline of Significant Events (1775-1800)
• Seceding from the British Empire
• The Confederation and the Constitution
• Starting up a new government

Period 4: 1800-1848

• Timeline of Significant Events (1800-1825)
• The Jeffersonian Republic
• Nationalism and the second war for independence
• Formation of a national economy
• Timeline of Significant Events (1825-1850)
• The rise of a mass democracy
• The ferment of reform and culture
• Controversy over slavery

Period 5: 1844-1877

• Timeline of Significant Events (1850-1875)
• Manifest destiny and its legacy
• The sectional struggle
• Leading up to the Civil War
• Civil War Part 1
• Civil War Part 2
• Reconstruction

Period 6: 1865-1898

• Timeline of Significant Events (1875-1900)
• Politics in the Gilded Age
• Industrial progress
• Development of cities
• Agricultural revolution and the West
• American imperialism

Period 7: 1890-1945

• Timeline of Significant Events (1900-1920)
• America on the world stage
• Progressivism and Theodore Roosevelt's presidency
• Wilsonian progressivism at home and abroad
• World War I
• Timeline of Significant Events (1920-1940)
• The Roaring Twenties
• Economic Boom and Bust
• The Great Depression and the New Deal
• FDR Presidency and the Road to WW2
• World War II

Period 8: 1945-1980

• Timeline of Significant Events (1940-1960)
• Start of the Cold War
• Eisenhower Era
• Timeline of Significant Events (1960-1970)
• Political and social unrest in the sixties
• Timeline of Significant Events (1970-1980)
• Stagnation in the seventies

Period 9: 1980-Present

• Timeline of Significant Events (1980-1990)
• Resurgence of Conservatism
• Clinton presidency and post-Cold War era
• Timeline of Significant Events (2000-Present)
• The start of the new century

Quick Reference Sheets

Here are some quick reference sheets you can use for further AP US History prep.

APUSH Teacher Creations

• Interactive timeline of major historical events in the US through 2015

CourseNotes

• Political parties in US History
• Important political documents in US History
• Important Supreme Court cases

Additional AP US History Resources to Test Your Knowledge

Here are some print and online resources you can use to review for the AP US History exam and smaller portions of the curriculum throughout the school year.

AP US History Review Books

Though not free, AP prep books can be excellent resources for your prep. Here are a few books we recommend getting your hands on :

• The Princeton Review's Cracking the AP US History Exam, 2022 Premium Edition
• Kaplan's AP US History Prep Plus 2020 & 2021
• REA's AP US History Crash Course for the 2020 Exam, 5th Edition

Read our full article on the best review books for APUSH for more details and advice!

Official College Board Materials

The following AP US History practice questions come directly from the College Board, so they're the most accurate representations of what you can expect on the actual test. Try to save these resources for later in your studying to get an accurate reading of your strengths and weaknesses when you're about to take the exam.

Note that older materials (pre-2019) are not aligned with the current exam format , so you will have to tweak your prep a bit to make them work.

• 2020 AP US History Course and Exam Description
• 2017 APUSH Practice Exam
• APUSH Free-Response Questions, 2015-2020 and 2021

Get more guidance on how to use official practice resources in our collection of APUSH practice tests .

Unofficial Practice Materials

Although College Board materials are the gold standard when it comes to APUSH prep, there are some good-quality unofficial resources you can make use of, too. Here are the best ones.

Quizlet Flashcards and Quizzes

These student-created sets of flashcards cover every single aspect of AP US History. You can study different sets depending on where you are in the course or which areas need the most improvement. After studying the terms, you can play games to review them and test your factual recall!

Historyteacher.net Mini Practice Quizzes

This site offers mini practice quizzes for every topic covered in the APUSH course . There are multiple-choice questions as well as "short-answer" questions (you get a drop-down menu of 12 answer choices). These won't help much with the more analytical elements of the test, but if you want to test your knowledge of facts, they'll serve you well.

Albert.io AP US History Practice Quizzes

Albert provides a series of quizzes on every topic in the current APUSH curriculum. As you go through them, the site gives you stats showing how you performed on questions of varying difficulty levels . This should help you figure out whether you've truly mastered the material.

Practice Quizzes for The American Pageant , 12th Edition

This helpful site contains chapter-by-chapter practice quizzes based on an old edition of The American Pageant APUSH textbook. Questions are multiple choice and true/false. This resource is more helpful for factual recall than for analysis questions.

CourseNotes AP US History Practice Quizzes

CourseNotes offers a total of six pages of multiple-choice quizzes on all the topics you need to know for the AP US History exam. Nice!

Varsity Tutors AP US History Practice Quizzes

A well-known test-prep company, Varsity Tutors has short multiple-choice practice quizzes on every APUSH topic as well.

Matching and Multiple-Choice Short Practice Quizzes

This website has sets of matching and multiple-choice questions for every period in US History.

They've got questions; YOU'VE got answers!

Wrap-Up: Making the Most of This AP US History Study Guide

AP US History covers eight major themes across nine time periods. It's hard to study this much material, which is why it's good to have a game plan!

To recap, the steps we recommend taking for your APUSH prep are:

#1: Take a full practice test #2: Catalog your mistakes #3: Study relevant content areas and practice multiple-choice questions #4: Practice planning and writing essays #5: Take a second full practice test

You can repeat these steps as necessary depending on how much you need to improve. As you review, also keep a few key tips in mind:

• Make thematic connections
• Read and repeat
• Practice writing essays frequently

Use the AP US History notes and resources provided above to get yourself up to speed. Also, make sure to start studying for the final exam at least one or two months before test day, so you're not going to be forced to cram for it!

What's Next?

Want more practice with Document-Based Questions? We've got an in-depth article on the best resources for DBQs that you can use in your studying.

Need even more APUSH study materials? Check out our complete list of free AP US History practice tests .

You can also check out our complete study guide to the New York US History Regents Exam . If you take it right after the AP US History exam, you might not need to study much at all!

These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links, PrepScholar may receive a commission.

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• Written Essays

How to write source-based history essays

The biggest assessment task you will be required to complete is a written research essay which develops an argument and uses a range of sources.

All types of assessment tasks will need you to use essay-writing skills in some form, but their fundamental structure and purpose remains the same.

Therefore, learning how to write essays well is central to achieving high marks in History.

What is an 'essay'?

A History essay is a structured argument that provides historical evidence to substantiate its points. 

To achieve the correct structure for your argument, it is crucial to understand the separate parts that make up a written essay. 

If you understand how each part works and fits into the overall essay, you are well on the way to creating a great assessment piece.

Most essays will require you to write:

• 1 Introduction Paragraph
• 3 Body Paragraphs
• 1 Concluding Paragraph

Explanations for how to structure and write each of these paragraphs can be found below, along with examples of each: 

Essay paragraph writing advice

How to write an Introductory Paragraph

This page explains the purpose of an introduction, how to structure one and provides examples for you to read.

How to write Body Paragraphs

This page explains the purpose of body paragraphs, how to structure them and provides examples for you to read.

How to write a Conclusion

This page explains the purpose of conclusions, how to structure them and provides examples for you to read.

More essay resources

What do you need help with, download ready-to-use digital learning resources.

Copyright © History Skills 2014-2024.

Contact  via email

AP World History: Modern Exam Questions

Free-response questions and scoring information.

Download free-response questions from this year's exam and past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions.

If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected] .

2024: Free-Response Questions

2023: Free-Response Questions

2022: Free-Response Questions

2021: Free-Response Questions

2020: Free-Response Questions

The 2020 free-response questions are available in the  AP Classroom question bank .

2019: Free-Response Questions

2018: free-response questions.

2017: Free-Response Questions

2016: Free-Response Questions

2015: Free-Response Questions

2014: Free-Response Questions

2013: Free-Response Questions

2012: Free-Response Questions

2011: Free-Response Questions

2010: Free-Response Questions

2009: Free-Response Questions

2008: Free-Response Questions

2007: Free-Response Questions

2006: Free-Response Questions

2005: Free-Response Questions

2004: Free-Response Questions

2003: Free-Response Questions

2002: Free-Response Questions

110 Original History Essay Questions: Examples and Topics

When looking for history essay topics, people often think about the world-famous military and political events. However, there is so much more to history than battles and international affairs. Plenty of small but engaging incidents are hiding in plain sight, and yet, people usually miss them.

What are those intriguing aspects?

In this article, our team has prepared a list of interesting history essay questions with examples. They are all about unusual events and historical viewpoints. To help with your academic writing, we divided the article into subheadings. Here, you’ll find topics according to your essay type.

• Top History Topics
• 🔍 Extended Essay
• ✒️ Historiographical Essay
• 📌 Persuasive Essay
• ⚙️ Technology Topics
• 🎶 Music Topics
• 🌄 American History
• 🏰 European History
• 🔥 5 In-Class Essay Tips

🤩 Top 15 History Essay Topics

• Julius Caesar.
• Middle Ages.
• World Wars.
• Holy Inquisition.
• US Independence.
• 20 th Century.
• Bronze Age.
• Thomas Edison.
• Slave Trade.
• Russian Revolution.

💁 Topics for Various Essay Types

There are many types of essays for an academic assignment. It may be a simple short essay or a long structured essay. Each one has its format and rules. Here, we are going to talk about essays that you might have questions about.

🔎 History Extended Essay Topics

An extended essay (EE) is an obligatory part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP). For an IB diploma, a student should do extensive research. It should be finished with a 4000-word paper.

The extended essay provides practice for undergraduate research. Besides, it gives a chance to explore a topic of personal interest. You may check out some examples in a free essays database to get a reference of how they actually look like. Here, we dive into history EE topics.

• Oldest human settlements according to archeological sources.
• The suffrage movement in the United States of the early XXth century.
• How Dior’s bar suit revolutionized women’s fashion.
• History of Chemistry in Europe during the Age of Enlightenment.
• Psychology essay: evolution of treatment for various mental disorders. Psychological methods and medicine.
• Development of black rights following the US Civil War.

• History of physics: from Antiquity to modern times.
• Principles of medieval economics: a historical analysis. Analyze the financial structure in medieval Europe and the Middle East.
• How did industrialization affect global climate change?
• Expansion of traffic jams in China. The root of a problem and China’s solution.
• The effects of capitalism on Caribbean republics. Study the history of capitalism in the Caribbean. What were the effects of plantation produce on their economy?
• The use of sun reflection in the military. A historical analysis of the utilization.
• Analysis of Victorian literature and culture by Carolyn Williams.
• Biology in warfare. The use of biological weapons from Antiquity to modern times.
• A study of malnourishment in African societies. Explore the historical roots of malnutrition in Africa. How did it affect their societies?
• Research question: why Western countries have dominated the world in modern history?
• Otto Skorzeny. How did Nazi Germany’s most effective agent become Mossad’s advisor? Dive in the biography of Otto Skorzeny. Analyze his character and post-war activity.
• The history of visual arts in Christianity. How did religion shape the art of Western civilization?
• Six-Day War of 1967. Examine the strategies of Israel and The United Arab States.
• Imperial Japan in the late period of WWII. Its non-standard means of warfare.

📝 Historiographical Essay Topics

Now, let’s look into another type of essay—a historiographical essay. It analyzes and evaluates how scholars interpret a historical topic. Usually, the essay is problem-centered. So, compare the viewpoints of two or more historians on the same event.

Here you will find good topics for historiographical essays:

• The Soviet internment camps of the Stalin Era.
• What is the classification of a “historical fact?”
• The fate of Japanese Americans during WWII.
• Mongolian aid to the Soviet Union during World War II.
• An analysis of the main areas of historical research.
• What defined a nation’s sovereignty in the XIXth century?
• The activity of Pamela Parsons in the 70s.
• “The Life of the Prophet” by Ibn Hisham.
• The history of Earth: from its formation to modern times. Make detailed research on the history of Earth. Talk about major geophysical and chemical processes. What did impact the Earth’s formation and evolution?
• An argumentative essay. How substantial was the Allies’ aid of “Land Lease” to the USSR in WWII?
• Things to know when studying cultural heritage.
• Processes of detecting historical excavation sites.

📌 History Persuasive Essay Topics

A persuasive essay is a piece of academic writing where you list two or more points of view on a subject. In such a paper, you use facts and logic to support your perspective.

• An argumentative essay on American involvement in WWI. How crucial was it in defeating the German Empire and its allies? Analyze the impact of America’s contribution to WWI.

• Slavery played one of the key roles in Ancient Rome’s rise to power. Discuss the structure of slavery in Ancient Rome. Provide evidence for/against this argument.
• Festivals in India are an essential part of the nation’s identity. Analyze the role of local and national Indian festivals. Did they form identities of different cultural groups?
• Why did the Soviet Union lose the Cold War? Could it be because of its involvement in Afghanistan? Explore the impact of the Soviet-Afghan War on countries of the Warsaw Pact.
• Psychedelic substances allow people to think more creatively. Discuss the effects of different drugs on the human mind. Examine notable cases and experiments with drug testing.
• The presentation of the American Revolution in movies. Research a few pieces of cinematography about the American Revolution. Analyze their historical accuracy.
• Bipolar disorder essay and Vincent Van Gogh. Analyze activity and medical records of Vincent Van Gogh. Give arguments for/against the aforementioned idea.

• Florentine art history. How did the noble patronage of artists contribute to Florentine art? To prove your perspective, examine several famous art patrons of Florence.

⚙ History of Technology Essay Topics

Technology has been the cornerstone of powerful civilizations that moved the world forward. Advancement of technology is a curious phenomenon. It moved at a faster pace with every century of the last millennium.

Here, we will take a look at thought-provoking topics on the history of technology. Besides, you’ll see a few history essay questions on technology.

• Advancement of farming technology in the Bronze Age.
• Technological advancements of Ancient Rome. Discuss Roman technological inventions. How did they impact the world for many centuries?
• Structure of a Roman road. Explain the structure of a Roman road. Discuss how the road system connected the Empire. Did it help to spread Christianity?
• The history of genetically modified food: corporation profits and risks.
• The history of sanitation in Paris. A tale of revolutionary engineering solutions.
• Evolution of heart surgeries.
• The scientific contribution of Dr. Ivan Pavlov to physiology.
• Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and the history of medieval medicine. Talk about Avicenna’s contribution to medicine. How accurate were his thoughts on it?

• The trebuchet: the deadliest siege weapon of Medieval Europe.
• The history of limb surgery: from pirates to modern medicine.
• Japanese experiments on humans during WWII. Did they provide humanity with valuable data on the human organism?
• Naval technology throughout human history. Research military and civic solutions of naval engineering during various periods. Consider Antiquity, Middle Ages, Age of Discovery, Age of Enlightenment, etc.
• Rapid European scientific advancement of the Age of Enlightenment. Why did the advancement of science and technology in Europe increase in the 18-19th centuries?
• History of blimps: strengths and weaknesses.
• First computers of WWII. Study the first computer systems of WWII. Explain their technical capabilities and flaws.
• How did the new technology make WWI so high with casualties?
• The science of an atomic bomb: a case study.
• How online social media impacted global society in the 2010s?
• How China introduced new types of censorship with the creation of the Internet.
• Compare college education of the XIXth century and modern times.
• The city of Tenochtitlan. The technological marvel of the Aztecs.

🎶 Music History Essay Topics

Music is one of the most effective examples of human genius. People have made music to express their emotions to each other. Thus, the history of music is extensive and rich in detail. Exploring it can be just as fascinating as listening to music.

Below, you’ll find the best ideas on the history of music to talk about:

• Jazz, New Orleans, and the Roaring Twenties: a musical phenomenon. Discuss the genre’s origins and technical aspects.
• The music of the Antiquity of the Mediterranean region. From Egypt and Greece to Rome.
• The use of music in Ancient Rome.

• Techniques a style of Mozart and Beethoven. A critical analysis.
• Studio 54 – a story of disco, glamour, and exclusivity.
• The history of organum and organ music.
• Advancement of music technology in the early XXth century.
• Baroque music and its famous composers. Analyze the technical details behind baroque music. Give examples of its notable composers.
• Music theater as the main source of musical innovation of the late classical era.
• Detailed analysis of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony. Examine the composer’s final symphony. Explore Beethoven’s health complications during the last years of his life.
• Religion and music: how Christianity employed the vocal skills of monks. Research the history and characteristics of the Gregorian chant.
• The golden era of classical music of the XVIIth-XIXth centuries in Germany and Austria.
• The musical experiments by Andy Warhol.
• The musical instruments of the Renaissance and modern times. What are the similarities and differences?
• Musical instruments and chants of Bronze Age Mesopotamia.
• Bohemian Rhapsody: a musical analysis. Discuss the story behind the creation of Queen’s famous song.
• Lively music and deadly drugs. How did narcotics become a part of the music industry in the 60s and 70s?
• The history of the club culture of New York. Discuss the history of clubs in New York. How did the advocates for gay rights start the new idea of clubbing?
• The emergence of hip-hop and rap in Uptown Brooklyn and the Bronx. Analyze how the new genre started commenting on the reality of streets and black rights.
• The history of Woodstock – America’s most iconic music festival.

👍 Good History Essay Questions

Writing an essay about countries should be divided into European and American theaters. Each region has a history rich in events and personalities.

Below, there are great European and US history essay questions for your paper:

🌄 American History Essay Questions

• How did medics deal with casualties during the US Civil War? Talk about the organization of medical staff on both sides of the war. Analyze the treatment methods applied to wounded soldiers.
• What factors contributed to the victory in the American Revolution?
• US economy and culture of the 1920s. How did it develop?
• How did civil rights develop during the Reconstruction era?

• Why was slavery so popular in the southern states? Analyze the economy of the southern states in America. Explain why slavery has such deep roots there.
• Why did the United States emerge as a superpower after WWII?
• Who were the main benefactors of the US economy in the early 20th century?

🏘 European History Essay Questions

• The Renaissance essay. Why and how did naturalistic beauty become the main element of art?
• What are the key ideas in Robin Briggs’s historical research on witchcraft?
• The Modern European history question. How did the Mafia operate in Italy? Analyze the roots of Italian Mafia, its organizational structure. What were its spheres of influence?
• Which scientific innovations were discovered in the late XIXth and early XXth century Europe?
• Tudor history: what caused the English Reformation?
• How did colonization transform the economies of European empires?
• Which economic and political benefits were introduced at the creation of the European Union? Elaborate on the history of the EU. Analyze its economic and political aspects.

🔥 5 Tips for Writing an Essay in Class

For whatever reason, you need to write an in-class essay. It could be an exam or an ordinary assignment. It doesn’t matter as the goal remains the same. You have to compose a coherent paper in a short amount of time under supervision.

What is the best way to handle working under such pressure? By following our tips:

1. Practice beforehand

Any sort of training makes a person comfortable with the upcoming task. Practice writing an essay so that you memorize the format. Keep in mind how to outline the paper and some useful words for transitions. Even when you’re unfamiliar with the topic, you’ll still know where to begin without thinking.

2. Forget to panic

Students can lose time by bracing themselves. By staring on the blank page with the essay question can help no one. The sooner you start the task, the better. Don’t let your brain panic!

3. Plan before you write

Starting the essay right away may be tempting and promising, but that’s how you make mistakes. Reread and analyze the given question, notice the keywords. Make sure you’re answering what’s asked, not more or less. Come up with a thesis statement and make an outline.

Properly organizing your paper saves your time and reduces stress. It ensures that you addressed every issue. Plus, it shows whether you connected every argument to the thesis statement. Besides, putting topic sentences and transitions in the outline makes them less repetitive in the essay.

4. Keep in mind your writing speed

Remember the first tip? This one comes naturally from practicing. The more you write, the better you understand your pace. Learn how much time you need to complete each part of the essay writing. Try not to exceed the estimated time for an outline, an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

5. Proofread

Writing in a rush, you may forget about your spelling and punctuation. Save some time for rereading your paper thoroughly. Pay attention to logical reasoning and grammar errors. Add sentences if necessary. Your paper may look messy as long as you do so to improve your writing and ensure the perfect flow.

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🔗 References

• How To Write a Good History Essay: Robert Pearce for History Today
• Elements of an Effective History Exam Essay: Mark Brilliant, Department of History, Program in American Studies, University of California, Berkeley
• UChicago Supplemental Essay Questions: College Admissions, University of Chicago
• Tips for Writing Essay Exams: Writing Center, University of Washington
• Popular Application Essay Topics: The Princeton Review
• Historiographical Essays: Center for Writing and Speaking, Campbell Hall
• Persuasion Essays: Sheldon Smith for Eapfoundation.com
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By submitting my email address. i certify that i am 13 years of age or older, agree to recieve marketing email messages from the princeton review, and agree to terms of use., guide to the ap u.s. history exam.

The AP ® U.S. History exam, also known as APUSH, is a college-level exam administered every year in May upon the completion of an Advanced Placement U.S. History course taken at your high school. If you score high enough, you could earn college credit!

Check out our AP U.S. History Guide for the essential info you need about the exam:

• AP U.S. History Exam Overview
• AP U.S. History Sections & Question Types
• AP U.S. History Scoring
• How to Prepare

What's on the AP U.S. History Exam?

The College Board requires your AP teacher to cover certain topics in the AP U.S. History course. As you complete your APUSH review, make sure you are familiar with the following topics:

• Period 1 (1491–1607) : Native American Societies Before European Contact; European Exploration in the Americas; Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and Conquest; Labor, Slavery, and Caste in the Spanish Colonial System; Cultural Interactions Between Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans
• Period 2 (1607–1754) : European Colonization; The Regions of British Colonies; Transatlantic Trade; Interactions Between American Indians and Europeans; Slavery in the British Colonies; Colonial Society and Culture
• Period 3 (1754–1800) : The Seven Years’ War (The French and Indian War); Taxation Without Representation; Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution; The American Revolution; The Influence of Revolutionary Ideals; The Articles of Confederation; The Constitutional Convention and Debates over Ratification; The Constitution; Shaping a New Republic; Developing an American Identity; Movement in the Early Republic
• Period 4 (1800–1848) : The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jefferson; Politics and Regional Interests; America on the World Stage; Market Revolution: Industrialization; Market Revolution: Society and Culture; Expanding Democracy; Jackson and Federal Power; The Development of an American Culture; The Second Great Awakening; An Age of Reform; African Americans in the Early Republic; The Society of the South in the Early Republic
• Period 5 (1844–1877) : Manifest Destiny; The Mexican–American War; The Compromise of 1850; Sectional Conflict: Regional Differences; Failure of Compromise; Election of 1860 and Secession; Military Conflict in the Civil War; Government Policies During the Civil War; Reconstruction; Failure of Reconstruction
• Period 6 (1865–1898) : Westward Expansion: Economic Development; Westward Expansion: Social and Cultural Development; The “New South”; Technological Innovation; The Rise of Industrial Capitalism; Labor in the Gilded Age; Immigration and Migration in the Gilded Age; Responses to Immigration in the Gilded Age; Development of the Middle Class; Reform in the Gilded Age; Controversies over the Role of Government in the Gilded Age; Politics in the Gilded Age
• Period 7 (1890–1945) : Imperialism: Debates; The Spanish–American War; The Progressives; World War I: Military and Diplomacy; World War I: Home Front; 1920s: Innovations in Communication and Technology; 1920s: Cultural and Political Controversies; The Great Depression; The New Deal; Interwar Foreign Policy; World War II: Mobilization; World War II: Military; Postwar Diplomacy
• Period 8 (1945–1980) : The Cold War from 1945 to 1980; The Red Scare; Economy after 1945; Culture after 1945; Early Steps in the Civil Rights Movement (1940s and 1950s); America as a World Power; The Vietnam War; The Great Society; The African American Civil Rights Movement (1960s); The Civil Rights Movement Expands; Youth Culture of the 1960s; The Environment and Natural Resources from 1968 to 1980; Society in Transition
• Period 9 (1980–Present): Reagan and Conservatism; The End of the Cold War; A Changing Economy; Migration and Immigration in the 1990s and 2000s; Challenges of the 21 st Century

Read More: Review for the exam with our AP U.S. History Crash Courses

Sections & Question Types

The APUSH exam takes 3 hours and 15 minutes to complete and is comprised of two sections: a multiple-choice/short answer section and a a free response section. There are two parts to each section.

APUSH Multiple Choice Questions

Questions are grouped into sets of three or four questions and based on a primary source, secondary source, or historical issue. Each set of questions is based on a different piece of source material. This section will test your ability to analyze and engage with the source materials while recalling what you already know about U.S. history.

APUSH Short Answer Questions

The three questions in this section will be tied to a primary source, historical argument, data or maps, or general propositions of U.S. history. Students are required to answer the first and second questions and then answer either the third or the fourth question. You are not required to develop and support a thesis statement, but you must describe examples of historical evidence relevant to the source or question.

APUSH Document-Based Question (DBQ)

The DBQ question requires you to answer a question based on seven primary source documents and your knowledge of the subject and time period. All the documents will pertain to a single subject. Students should develop an argument about the question and use the documents to support this argument.

APUSH Long Essay Question

For the long essay question, you’ll be given a choice of three essay options on the same theme, and you must choose one. You must develop and defend a relevant thesis, but there won’t be any documents on which you must base your response. Instead, you’ll need to draw upon your own knowledge of topics you learned in your AP U.S. History class.

For a comprehensive content review, check out our book,  AP U.S. History Prep

What’s a good AP U.S. History Score?

AP scores are reported from 1 to 5. Colleges are generally looking for a 4 or 5 on the AP U.S. History exam, but some may grant credit for a 3. Here’s how students scored on the May 2020 test:

Source: College Board

How can I prepare?

AP classes are great, but for many students they’re not enough! For a thorough review of AP U.S. History content and strategy, pick the  AP prep option  that works best for your goals and learning style. 

• AP Exams  

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How to Prepare for a History Exam

Last Updated: August 5, 2024 Approved

This article was co-authored by Carrie Adkins, PhD . Carrie Adkins is the cofounder of NursingClio, an open access, peer-reviewed, collaborative blog that connects historical scholarship to current issues in gender and medicine. She completed her PhD in American History at the University of Oregon in 2013. While completing her PhD, she earned numerous competitive research grants, teaching fellowships, and writing awards. There are 9 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. This article received 15 testimonials and 83% of readers who voted found it helpful, earning it our reader-approved status. This article has been viewed 370,430 times.

History is full of dates, names, and places that can make your head spin. Try making flashcards to remember lots of information. Mnemonic devices are another great memorization tool that can add a little silliness to studying. In addition to memorizing facts, you should also be able to connect the dots. Take notes each class session, and make study guides, timelines, and other visual aids to help you see the larger themes. To increase your shot at passing the test, study a bit every day instead of cramming, and try to get rest and eat well just before the test.

Memorizing Information

• If you have trouble coming up with a list, try asking your teacher what key dates, figures, and other information might show up on the test.

• You could also try recording yourself reading your textbook or flashcards. As you listen to the recording, follow along in your notes or flashcards.

• For example, the mnemonic device Neighbors Actually Persuaded Lovely Yvonne To Shut Her Window will help you memorize the British royal families in chronological order: Norman, Angevin, Plantagenet, Lancaster, York, Tudor, Stuart, Hanover, and Windsor. [3] X Research source

Connecting the Dots

• Ask yourself, “How does the syllabus organize these facts and figures? Does it mention or hint at any key critical questions? What connections does it make between individual class sessions?”

Carrie Adkins, PhD

"For most people, rote memorization of dates, names, and events is incredibly difficult," adds Carrie Adkins, PhD in History. "Depending on what you’re studying or why you’re memorizing, I would suggest that having a deeper understanding of the historical narrative will help. It’s much easier to remember events and dates if you understand why they mattered and how they connect with one another."

• Your study guide won’t do you much good if it simply copies your class notes. Look for key themes in your class notes, pull out the essential information, and put it in your outline.
• For example, if you’re outlining class sessions on the Wars of the Roses, you could list key members (along with their dates and titles) of the houses of Lancaster and York in one section of your study guide. Then, you could outline underlying causes of the rivalry between the houses. Finally, you could list key battles and their dates, temporary truces and how they broke down, and the conflict’s resolution.  

• For example, making family trees and a timeline would come in handy if you’re trying to prepare for an exam on the Wars of the Roses.  

• For example, ask them what the exam's format will be, what the unit's main theses (or key ideas) are, and what information is most important.

Creating a Study Strategy

• Multiple choice or fill in the blank tests stress memorization, so you’ll know that you should put your flashcards to good use.
• If your test includes or is only made up of essays, you should be prepared to analyze a set of historical facts or compare and contrast two interpretations.

• Study groups are great for coming up with potential test questions, since everyone can make up a question and quiz each other.

• You can also find exam tips, sample responses, and other useful resources on CollegeBoard. Just search for whichever standardized test you’ll be taking.

• If you feel like you need to study, just review your outlines and hard facts. Try to be confident and avoid overwhelming yourself or getting too nervous.

Studying for Specific Exam Types

• When you take the test, make sure to read the question clearly and try to eliminate at least half of the available answer options. [9] X Research source

• When studying, refer to your list of key terms and concepts, and make sure you can concisely define them.
• Have someone quiz you on your flashcards. Try to get to the point that you can give a complete but brief answer without asking for any hints.

• Understand the unit's main concepts, then use the facts and figures you've memorized to back up those key points. Remember there's no "U" in history: leave personal opinions out of essays!

• Look for words like analyze or compare and contrast, then plan your essay accordingly. For example, historians disagree about the degree to which feudalism in the Late Middle Ages set the stage for the Wars of the Roses. Your exam could include an essay asking you to defend one position and explain why it’s a more accurate interpretation.

Community Q&A

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.educationcorner.com/history-study-skills-guide.html
• ↑ https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-study-history-terms-1857067
• ↑ https://www.mnemonic-device.com/history/neighbors-actually-persuaded-lovely-yvonne-to-shut-her-window/
• ↑ https://www.historyguide.org/guide/exam1a.html
• ↑ https://subjecttestspractice.collegeboard.org/practice/sat-subject-test-preparation/us-history
• ↑ https://www.thoughtco.com/studying-for-multiple-choice-exam-3212071
• ↑ https://www.kaptest.com/study/ap-us-history/ap-u-s-history-multiple-choice-practice-questions/
• ↑ https://www.societyforhistoryeducation.org/pdfs/Maxwell.pdf
• ↑ https://www.kaptest.com/study/ap-us-history/how-to-approach-the-ap-u-s-history-long-essay-question/

About This Article

If you have a history exam you need to prepare for, make flashcards of the key terms, people, and dates covered in the lessons and study the flashcards in the days leading up to the test. If you have one, read the course syllabus to help you identify overarching themes in the material that will help you tie facts together, then make an outline or study guide to synthesize that information. For tips on studying based on the test’s format, keep reading! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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