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Sex-biased neural encoding of threat discrimination in nucleus accumbens afferents drives suppression of reward behavior
Muir et al. explore threat discrimination in male and female mice and find that, despite similar behavioral acquisition, there are surprising sex differences in the neural encoding that drives suppression of reward seeking under threat.
- Jessie Muir
- Eshaan S. Iyer
- Rosemary C. Bagot
Distal activity patterns shape the spatial specificity of neurovascular coupling
The spatial relationship between neuronal and vascular activity remains highly debated. In this study, the authors used multiscale optical imaging to show how vascular architecture limits the spatial specificity of neurovascular coupling.
- Éric Martineau
- Antoine Malescot
- Ravi L. Rungta
Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of human orbitofrontal cortex reveals convergent effects of aging and psychiatric disease
Single-cell profiling in the human cortex reveals aging-associated transcriptomic changes across all brain cell types, which overlap with effects with Alzheimer’s disease and show a convergent signature with psychopathology across multiple cell types.
- Anna S. Fröhlich
- Nathalie Gerstner
- Elisabeth B. Binder
Inhibitory plasticity supports replay generalization in the hippocampus
The study of neural plasticity has focused on excitatory neural connections, but inhibitory connections can also change. Learning at inhibitory synapses may support high-level cognitive phenomena, such as selecting information for memory storage.
- Zhenrui Liao
- Satoshi Terada
- Attila Losonczy
Current issue
Reducing publication bias with registered reports, jim simons (1938–2024).
- Gerald D. Fischbach
Molecular architecture of the human brain vasculature
- Elisa Floriddia
Explaining dopamine through prediction errors and beyond
- Samuel J. Gershman
- John A. Assad
- Linda Wilbrecht
Centering cognitive neuroscience on task demands and generalization
- Matthias Nau
- Alexandra C. Schmid
- Dwight J. Kravitz
Oligodendrocytes produce amyloid-β and contribute to plaque formation alongside neurons in Alzheimer’s disease model mice
- Andrew Octavian Sasmita
- Constanze Depp
- Klaus-Armin Nave
Nature Neuroscience is a Transformative Journal ; authors can publish using the traditional publishing route OR via immediate gold Open Access.
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Latest Research articles
DOR activation in mature oligodendrocytes regulates α-ketoglutarate metabolism leading to enhanced remyelination in aged mice
The mechanisms underlying the ability to remyelinate in aging and disease are unclear. Here, the authors show that DOR-mediated activation of α-ketoglutarate in mature oligodendrocytes can promote myelin production in mice during demyelination and aging.
- Guojiao Huang
VEGF-A-mediated venous endothelial cell proliferation results in neoangiogenesis during neuroinflammation
Defective neoangiogenesis and blood–brain barrier leakiness are pathological hallmarks of neuroinflammation. Here the authors show that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) promotes venous endothelial cell proliferation, resulting in the formation of leaky vessels around demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
- Sanjid Shahriar
- Saptarshi Biswas
- Dritan Agalliu
Oligodendroglial fatty acid metabolism as a central nervous system energy reserve
Brain functions require a constant supply of glucose. However, the brain energy stores are unclear. Here, the authors show that oligodendroglial fatty acid metabolism can be an energy reserve for white matter axons, supporting their function.
- Ebrahim Asadollahi
- Andrea Trevisiol
Dissociative and prioritized modeling of behaviorally relevant neural dynamics using recurrent neural networks
The authors present DPAD, a deep learning method, for dynamical neural–behavioral modeling. It dissociates behaviorally relevant neural dynamics, better predicts neural–behavioral data and reveals insight into where their nonlinearities can be isolated.
- Omid G. Sani
- Bijan Pesaran
- Maryam M. Shanechi
Latest Reviews & Analysis
Myelin lipid metabolism can provide energy for starved axons
We reveal that lipid turnover in the myelin sheath generates a fatty acid pool in oligodendrocytes that can contribute to the energy balance of white matter tracts. We also demonstrate that when glucose levels are limiting, fatty acid metabolism can support glial cell survival and the basic functional integrity of myelinated axons.
Neuronal activity stimulates a genetic program to rapidly generate synapses during development
In Caenorhabditis elegans , loss of the transcription factors FOS-1 and EGL-43 — orthologs of human FOS and MECOM, respectively — severely reduces presynaptic gene expression in dopaminergic neurons. These transcription factors form an activity-regulated positive feedback loop, which modulates the expression of synaptic genes and genetic programs to promote synapse formation.
Task demands are a primary determiner of behavior and neurophysiology. Here the authors discuss how understanding their influence through multitask studies and tests of generalization is the key to articulating novel cognitive neuroscience concepts.
The hypothesis that dopamine reports reward prediction errors has been both influential and controversial. This Perspective characterizes the present state of evidence, indicating where it succeeds and where it falls short. A complete account of dopamine will probably need to move beyond the reward prediction error hypothesis while retaining its core explanatory power.
Cerebellar Purkinje neurons enhance thirst via asprosin–PTPRD signaling
Independent of its appetite- and body weight-modulating effects, the hormone asprosin activates its receptor PTPRD at cerebellar Purkinje neurons to enhance thirst and maintain fluid homeostasis. Surprisingly, this has no effect whatsoever on Purkinje neuron-mediated motor coordination and learning.
Hippocampal neurons encode identities and positions of human experimenters
A sensory–motor theory of the neocortex.
- Rajesh P. N. Rao
Dissecting the epigenetic regulation of human brain organoid development in single cells
Astrocytes at the border of repair.
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Francisco J. Quintana
News & Comment
The brain heals the heart.
- Leonie Welberg
Nature Neuroscience now welcomes Registered Reports — a publishing format designed to prioritize methodological rigor.
Changing dynamics in real time
- Luis A. Mejia
What follows is not a detailed biography of Jim Simons, whose diversity of talents and activities as a mathematician, educator, administrator, life scientist, philanthropist and visionary in this country and abroad would fill several volumes. It is simply a glance at this wonderful man as I knew him in connection with his growing interest in life sciences and as a friend.
That’s a wrap
- Henrietta Howells
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Research Articles
- Research Articles, Systems/Circuits Retinal Input to Macaque Superior Colliculus Derives from Branching Axons Projecting to the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Yicen J. Zheng , Daniel L. Adams , Thomas N. Gentry , Mikayla D. Dilbeck , John R. Economides and Jonathan C. Horton Journal of Neuroscience 9 September 2024, e0888242024; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0888-24.2024
- Research Articles, Development/Plasticity/Repair Dynamic organization of neuronal extracellular matrix revealed by HaloTag-HAPLN1 Igal Sterin , Ava Niazi , Jennifer Kim , Joosang Park and Sungjin Park Journal of Neuroscience 9 September 2024, e0666242024; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0666-24.2024
- Research Articles, Cellular/Molecular TRIM46 is required for microtubule fasciculation in vivo but not axon specification or axon initial segment formation Allison J. Melton , Victoria L. Palfini , Yuki Ogawa , Juan A. Oses Prieto , Anna Vainshtein , Alma L. Burlingame , Elior Peles and Matthew N. Rasband Journal of Neuroscience 9 September 2024, e0976242024; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0976-24.2024
- Research Articles, Behavioral/Cognitive Hand-jaw coordination as mice handle food is organized around intrinsic structure-function relationships John M. Barrett , Megan E. Martin , Mang Gao , Robert E. Druzinsky , Andrew Miri and Gordon M. G. Shepherd Journal of Neuroscience 9 September 2024, e0856242024; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0856-24.2024
- Research Articles, Cellular/Molecular μ-opioid receptor modulation of the glutamatergic/GABAergic midbrain inputs to the mouse dorsal hippocampus Haram R. Kim , Soumil Dey , Gabriella Sekerkova and Marco Martina Journal of Neuroscience 9 September 2024, e0653242024; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0653-24.2024
- Research Articles, Systems/Circuits Circadian rhythms in conditioned threat extinction reflect time-of-day differences in ventromedial prefrontal cortex neural processing Matthew J. Hartsock , Catherine T. Levy , Maria J. Navarro , Michael P. Saddoris and Robert L. Spencer Journal of Neuroscience 9 September 2024, e0878242024; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0878-24.2024
- Research Articles, Neurobiology of Disease Synchronized Photoactivation of T4K Rhodopsin Causes a Chromophore-Dependent Retinal Degeneration That Is Moderated by Interaction with Phototransduction Cascade Components Beatrice M. Tam , Paloma Burns , Colette N. Chiu and Orson L. Moritz Journal of Neuroscience 1 August 2024, 44 (36) e0453242024; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0453-24.2024
- Cover Article Research Articles, Behavioral/Cognitive Association between Inhibitory–Excitatory Balance and Brain Activity Response during Cognitive Flexibility in Young and Older Individuals Geraldine Rodríguez-Nieto , David F. Alvarez-Anacona , Dante Mantini , Richard A. E. Edden , Georg Oeltzschner , Stefan Sunaert and Stephan P. Swinnen Journal of Neuroscience 12 August 2024, 44 (36) e0355242024; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0355-24.2024
- Featured Article Research Articles, Systems/Circuits Sleep Consolidation Potentiates Sensorimotor Adaptation Agustin Solano , Gonzalo Lerner , Guillermina Griffa , Alvaro Deleglise , Pedro Caffaro , Luis Riquelme , Daniel Perez-Chada and Valeria Della-Maggiore Journal of Neuroscience 29 July 2024, 44 (36) e0325242024; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0325-24.2024
- Research Articles, Behavioral/Cognitive Effects of Context Changes on Memory Reactivation Şahcan Özdemir , Yağmur Damla Şentürk , Nursima Ünver , Can Demircan , Christian N. L. Olivers , Tobias Egner and Eren Günseli Journal of Neuroscience 5 August 2024, 44 (36) e2096232024; https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2096-23.2024
Neuroscience
Scientists Make ‘Cyborg Worms’ with a Brain Guided by AI
AI and tiny worms team up to get to treats
Matthew Hutson
Brain Scientists Finally Discover the Glue that Makes Memories Stick for a Lifetime
A long-running research endeavor reveals key chemical players that cement memories in place—and still more have yet to be discovered
Simon Makin
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Ultrasound Brain Stimulation Boosts Mindfulness
Study participants felt time distortion, fewer negative thoughts and greater detachment from feelings with a noninvasive ultrasound intervention
Brains Age in Five Different Ways
Brain scan study hints that methods could be developed to detect the earliest stages of neurodegenerative disease
Michael Eisenstein, Nature magazine
Experiments Prepare to Test Whether Consciousness Arises from Quantum Weirdness
Researchers wish to probe whether consciousness has a basis in quantum mechanical phenomena
Hartmut Neven, Christof Koch
These Living Computers Are Made from Human Neurons
In the search for less energy-hungry artificial intelligence, some scientists are exploring living computers
Jordan Kinard
19 Good News Science Stories to Savor This Summer
From lifesaving cancer treatments and frog “ spas ” to a view of the cosmos from your own backyard, science can keep you going through the long , hot days of summer
Brianne Kane
Parasocial Relationships Can Tell Us a Lot about the Social Brain
People can form surprisingly strong bonds with others—even when that tie is one-sided
Daisy Yuhas
Musical Memories Don’t Fade with Age
Eighty-year-olds are able to identify familiar tunes just as well as teenagers can
Bianca Nogrady, Nature magazine
These Advanced Meditation Practices Unlock New Understandings of Consciousness
Advanced meditation is changing how we think about consciousness. Hear neuroscience researcher Matthew Sacchet explain his journey to studying what happens to the brain during a deeper engagement with meditation.
Rachel Feltman, Fonda Mwangi
Sex and Gender Map onto Different Brain Networks in Children
A preliminary study suggests that sex and gender are represented differently in the brain
Allison Parshall
Tracking Ozempic’s Nausea Side Effect to Specific Neurons May Lead to Better Drugs
The neurons that produce a sick feeling and food aversion are distinct from those that induce a feeling of fullness
Mariana Lenharo, Nature magazine
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